牛津译林版八年级英语上册 Unit 1 Friends 知识点讲解与习题（无答案）.docx

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1、八年级 Unit One 知识点集锦一、 知识点详解Comic Strip Welcome to the Unit1. honest以元音因素开头，故当表示“一位诚实的.”应用“an honest”,反义词为 dishonest【拓展】be honest with sb. 对某人坦诚【例题】-Look! Whos_ boy over there? -Oh, he is my cousin Bob. He is_ honest boy. A.an; the B. the; an C. the; a2. care动词：关心，在意；还可作名词，译为“小心，照料”形容词形式有两个：careful(小心

2、的，仔细的)，careless“粗心的”；其对应的副词形式为：carefully “小心地，仔细地”，carelessly“粗心地”。 【搭配】care常见的短语：care for照顾；take care注意，当心；care about关心；关怀；take care of照顾3. polite反义词 impolite,意为“没有礼貌的，粗鲁的”； 其副词形式politely,意为“礼貌地”。4. lie为可数名词，复数形式为lies. lie还可作动词，意为“说谎；躺；卧”。lie作“说谎”讲时，其过去式为lied;做“躺，卧”讲时，其过去式为lay. lie现在分词为lying.【搭配】te

3、ll a lie说谎；lie down躺下 （tell stories 讲故事 tell jokes 讲笑话）【例题】你不应该对你的朋友撒谎。You shouldnt _ _ to your friends.5. true 形容词“确实的；的确；真实的，忠实的” （1）Yes, thats true 是的，确实如此。 （2）Do you think he is a true friends? 你认为他是一个忠实的朋友吗？【探究】true 既可以用在名词前作定语，又可以用在连系动词后作表语。true的副词形式为truly,名词形式为truth. 说出真相 tell the truth【辨析】re

4、al和true(1) real强调人或事物真是存在，而不是想象的或虚构的。(2) True强调符合事实。是真的而不是假的，是相符的而不是编造的。【例题】(1) Lily is my_ (忠实的) friend. I can tell her everything about myself.(2) This story is not exactly_ (真实的)6. Make是使役动词，其后可接动词原形、形容词或名词作宾语补足语。Make具体用法如下：(1) make+sb./sth.+adj. “使某人或某事变得.” Ill make it easier.我将使他变得更容易些。(2) “mak

5、e+sb./sth.+n.” “使某人或某物成为.”(3) “make sb. do sth.” “让/迫使某人做某事”【拓展】与make类似，后面也接动词原形作宾语补足语的动词有以下几类：一感（feel），二听（hear, listen to），三让（let, have, make），四看（watch, see, notice, look at ）。7. Can I have some more food.我可以再来一点食物吗?【探究】more是many和much的比较级，常用来修饰名词。【拓展】(1) more之前可用基数词或some, any, many, much, a little,

6、 a few, no等词修饰。 （2）“基数词+more+名词”结构可与“another+基数词+名词”结构互换，意为“再.” 如：two more books= another two books=two boos more8. 在日常交际用语中，向别人提出建议的句型有以下几种：(1) “Lets+动词原形”意为“让我们.吧。”(2) “What/How about+动词ing/名词/代词宾格”意为“.怎么样？”(3) “Shall we+动词原形”表示“我们.好吗？”(4) “Why dont we/ you+动词原形”或“Why not+动词原形”意为“为什么不.？”(5) “Would

7、 you like (to do) .?”意为“你愿意/想要（做）.吗？”(6) “Would/ Will you please+动词原形”意为“请你.好吗？”9. Maybe we can share it. Maybe意为“也许，可能，大概”是副词。【辨析】maybe和may be(1) maybe常位于句首，表示不太肯定的推测，相当于perhaps, probably, possibly.在口语中maybe可单独使用。(2) May be意为“可能是，也许是”，由情态动词may加系动词be构成，常用于句中，放在主语后作谓语，构成主系表结构。【例题】同义句转换 They may be in

8、 the classroom.=_ they in the classroom.10. Do you believe what he/ she says? 宾语从句要用陈述句语序【拓展】当主句主语为第一人称，谓语动词是believe, think, suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定形式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。I dont think he will come with you.我认为他不会和你一起来的。【例题】(1) 你知道她在哪儿吗？ Do you know_ _ _?(2) 我想他今天不会来了。I_ _ he will come today.(

9、3) 我相信他不是小偷，不是吗？I_ _ hes a thief, _ _?Reading1. Voice即可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。 Betty has a good voice.贝蒂有一副好嗓子。【辨析】voice, sound和noise(1) voice意为“嗓音”，一般指人说话、唱歌、谈笑的声音，也可指动物的鸣叫声。(2) sound意为“声音，响声”，范围很大，可指大自然的任何声音。(3) noise意为“噪音，喧闹声”，常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。【搭配】in a loud/ low voice大声地/低声地 in a sweet voice用甜美的声音 raise one

10、s voice提高嗓音2. almost “几乎，差不多”。常用来修饰形容词或动词等。almost不能用not修饰，但可放在no, none, nothing等的前面。【拓展】nearly的意思与almost相近，但nearly与no, none, nobody, never等词连用。3. knock. onto将某物碰到.上 knock at/ on敲. knock down打到；撞倒 knock over撞翻；碰倒 knock. off把.从.上撞倒/打翻【例句】(1) When he walks past our desks, he often knocks our books and

11、pens onto the floor.当他经过我们课桌时，他经常把我们的书和钢笔撞倒地上。 (2) Peter knocked the glass off the table and broke it.彼得把玻璃杯打翻，从桌子上掉下去摔碎了。4. choose既可作及物动词，也可做不及物动词，其过去式是chose，名词形式是choice.【搭配】(1) choose to do sth.选择做某事 （2）choose sb. to do sth.选择某人做某事 (3) choose from从.中选择5. Betty is one of my best friends.贝蒂是我最好的朋友之一

12、。【探究】one of+形容词+名词复数表示“最.之一”；of后如果是名词，名词前还应加上限定词，如the, these, our等。one of后接名词复数，也可接代词复数,作主语时谓语动词用单数。【例题】-What do you think of the film you saw? -Oh! Its one of_ _ films Ive ever seen. A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting 6. be ready to do sth.= be willing to

13、 do sth. 愿意做某事【辨析】be ready 和 get readybe ready “准备好了”强调状态；get ready“为.做准备”，强调准备的动作。7. She helps me with my homework and she always gives her seat on the bus to someone in need.【探究】(1) help sb. with sth.=help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事。(2) in need(= in trouble) 是介词短语，意为“有需要的，处于需要状态的”，通常作后置定语。【拓展】be in n

14、eed of sth.需要某物 in great need of很需要【例题】(1)我们应该随时准备帮助需要帮助的人。We should be ready to help people_ _.(2)那里的人很需要医生和护士。People there are_ _ _ of doctors and nurses.(3)今晚你能帮我做家庭作业吗？Can you_ _ _ my homework this evening.8. Everyone为不定代词，相当于everybody。作主语时谓语动词用单数。【辨析】everyone与every one(1) everyone指人，every one既可

15、指人也可指物。(2) Everyone不能与of连用，而every one可以，意为“.中的每一个”。【例题】Everyone in pur class_ (have) a pet.9. say a bad word about sb.=speak ill of sb.说某人的坏话【拓展】say a good word about sb.=speak well of sb.说某人的好话【例题】(1) -Shall we go and_ “hello” to the foreign teachers? -Good idea! Lets go. A. say B. speak C. talk D.

16、 Shout(2) The two pictures look the same to me. Its hard to_ one from the other. A. speak B. say C. talk D. tellGrammar1. What is his height= How tall is he?他多高？height 形容词为high一、 adj.比较级的用法 1. 表一方超过另一方用“比较级 + than”2. “the +比较级, the+比较级 越, 越eg. 1) 越多越好。the more, the better 2) 越少越坏。The less, the worse

17、3. “比较级+and +比较级” “more and more +原级” (只用于以“more”构成比较级的词) 意为“越来越.”eg. 1) 他的鞋子越来越脏。His shoes are_ 2) 衣服越来越贵。Clothes are _4. “the + 比较级 + of 两者”表示“在两者中较eg. Lily is _ (short) of the two girls.5. 为免重复，在than后常用one(s), that, those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。 eg. The weather there is better than _ in Nanjing. A. one B.

18、it C. that D. Those6. 在比较级前可用 much, even, a little, a lot等来修饰eg. Now the air in our hometown is _ than it was before. A. much better B. more worse C. more better D. much worst7. “Which/Who is+比较级， A or B?”意为“A和B哪一个/谁更.?”8. “比较级+ than any other+单数名词”或“比较级+ than the other+复数名词”意为“比其他.都要.”eg. Spring is

19、 the best season.=Spring is better _ _ _ _.=Spring is better _ _ _ _.二、 adj.最高级的用法1. 三者或以上相比, 表示最高程度用 “the/ones + 最高级+ of/among/in ” (1) in表示环境范围，其后的名词与主语不是同一概念范畴；(2) of表示对象范畴，其后的名词与主语是同一概念范畴。(3) among通常接代词宾格、指示代词these, those以及没有数词修饰的复数名词2. one of +the +最高级+复数名词“最之一”eg. The hair clip is one of _ (pr

20、etty) among those ones. He was one of _(fast) _(swim).3.最高级+范围=比较级+than any other +单数名词 =比较级+than the other +复数名词 Max是我们班最高的男生。 Max is the tallest boy in our class=Max is taller than any other boy in our class.=Max is taller than the other boys in our class.4. the second/third/fourth+最高级表示“第几”eg. Mi

21、llie is the third tallest in her class. eg. Huanghe is shorter than Changjiang, but longer than the other rivers in China.= Huanghe is _ _ _ river in China.5. “Which/Who+系动词+the+最高级，A，B or C” 意为“A 、B 和C哪一个最.?”【注意】(1). He is _ (tall) of the 3 students. He is _ (tall) of the 2 students. (2) Which is +

22、比较级, A or B? Which is+最高级,A, B or C? (3) Beijing is bigger than _D_ city in China. Beijing is bigger than _B_ city in Jiangsu. A. all the other B. any C. other D. any other易混淆的两个句型： He is the tallest (tall) of the 3 students. He is the taller (tall) of the 2 studentsIntegrated Skills Task1. plan为可数名

23、词，复数形式为plans. Make a study plan 制定一个学生计划；make a plan for.为.制定计划【拓展】plan还可作动词，意为“计划，打算”；plan to do sth.计划做某事【例题】我们打算这个周末去公园。Were_ _ _ to the park this weekend.2. famous常作定语或表语，即可修饰人，也可修饰物。be famous for因.而出名，闻名，强调出名的原因；be famous as“以.(身份)出名”，as后常接表示职业的名词。【例题】Sanya is famous_ its beautiful beaches. A.

24、of B. for C. As鲁迅在中国以作家出名。Lu Xun_ _ _ a writer in China.3. make friends 交朋友；make friends with sb.与某人交朋友4. Whats he like?他怎么样？【探究】whats sb. like句型,意为“某人（为人或长相）怎么样？”。常用来询问人的性格、品质，也可用来询问人的相貌。【拓展】what does sb. look like?意为“某人长得如何”，用来询问人的相貌。【例题】-_? -He is humorous. A. How is he B. What does he look like

25、C. What does he like D. What is he like5. smiling形容词（微笑的，带着笑意的）【探究】smiling既可作表语，也可作定语。其中动词为smile，后可接介词at或to.【例题】(1) 她对我微笑了，多好啊！She_ at me. How wonderful!(2) 他那双充满笑意的眼睛表明他很友好。His_ eyes show he is very friendly.6. patient形容词（耐心的）既可作定语，也可作表语；patient反义词impatient(没有耐心的) be patient with sb./ sth.对某人/某事有耐心

26、。【拓展】patient还可作名词，意为“病人”，是可数名词。【例题】她对孩子们很有耐心。She_ _ _ _ the children.7. Kate is both my neighbour and my best friends.凯特既是我的邻居又是我最好的朋友。【探究】both.and意为“既.又.”,连接并列结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数。【例题】_ Tom_Peter are fond of watching TV.A. Not only; but also B. Both; and C. Either; or D. Neither; nor巩固练习一、词汇A）请根据题中空格后的中文

27、提示、英文释义或音标，写出句中所缺单词，使句子通顺。1. The girl is getting fatter and fatter, so she eats less to lose her w_.2.The play wasnt interesting at all. We all felt very _(not interesting).3.My father likes reading _(杂志) about cars when he is free.4.She will not tell this to anyone. She can keep s_.5.A lot of peopl

28、e like her song very much for her sweet v_.B) 请根据句意，从方框中选用合适的词，并用其适当形式填空，使句子通顺, 每词限一次。smile well will humour care1.He often tells funny jokes and makes us happy. He is _.2.Her _ face told us that she was very happy at that moment.3. Betty is very generous and _ to share her things with others.4.I th

29、ink Peter is _ among the six students.5.My mother says she feels much _ today.C) 请根据句意，从方框中选用合适的动词, 并用其适当时态填空，使句子通顺。visit grow share be help1.We often _ a room when we were in England.2. Its a fine day. Why not _ the Great Wall with us?3.What does Simon want to do when he _ up?4. You can do what you

30、 can _ the old.5. Both Li Lei and Han Meimei _ interested in the film.二、单项选择( )1.This is _ interesting work. We really enjoy it. A. a B. an C. the D. /( )2.Did Lisa tell you _ in the letter? A. funny anything B. anything funny C. funny something D. something funny( )3. It will be _ if you buy a retu

31、rn ticket on the train when you travel in England.A. much cheap B. more cheaply C. much cheaper D. more cheap( )4.Tom, you must do the homework _ . Dont copy your sisters. A yourselves B. yourself C.himself D. themselves( )5. There is a big cake. _ share it. A. May be we canB. We may be C. Maybe we

32、can D. Maybe can we( )6.Millie wants to _ you _ her new school. A. tell, about B. talk, about C. tell, on D. talk, on( )7.My dad makes me _ the piano for three hours every day. A. playing B. to play C. play D. plays( )8. Lucy didnt make any mistakes in the maths exam. She is _ than any other student

33、. A. much careful B. more careful C. more careless D. the most careful( )9.What makes you _ today than yesterday? A. happy B. happily C. happier D. happiest( )10.Listening is as _ as speaking in language learning. A. important B. more important C. most importantD. the most important( )11.I didnt kno

34、w which T-shirt was _, so I took them both. A. nicer B. well C. best D. good( )12.Whats your best friend like? _ A Hes fine, thank you B. He likes watching TV C. Hes a teacher D. Hes helpful and generous( )13. Which of the two T-shirt will you take? -Ill take _. One is for my brother and the other i

35、s for myself. A either B. both C. all D. every三、按要求完成句子1.Max is the tallest boy in his class. （改为同义句) Max is _ than _ _ in his class. Max is _ than _ _ in his class.2. When I feel worried about something, I can always go to her. (改为同义句) When something _ _ , I can always go to her.3.This bag is 90 yu

36、an. That bag is 70 yuan（改为同义句） This bag is _ _ that one. That bag is _ _ this one. That bag is _ _ _ _ this one. That bag is _ _ _ this one.4. 上海比中国的其他任何一个城市都要大。5. 上海比日本的任何一个城市都要大。6. 南京比江苏的其他城市都要大。南京市江苏最大的城市之一。7. 你越是仔细，你犯的错误将会越少。8. Tom是双胞胎中较高的那个。9.长江是世界第三长河。10. 我们的国家将会越来越美丽。四、假设你Sandy请根据下面的要点提示，发挥适当的想象，写一篇70词左右的英语短文介绍一下你自己。 要点提示： 1. 个子不高，圆脸，小鼻子，短发，笑咪咪的眼睛让人觉得很亲切； 2. 聪明勤奋，最擅长英语、语文，但是最不擅长数学； 3. 长大后想当一名医生，帮助人们保持身体健康。来源:Z|xx|k.Com _ _ _ _ _