英语补充阅读材料3.docx

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1、英语补充阅读材料11月热词第二届中国国际进口博览会 the second China International Import Expo (CIIE)第二届中国国际进口博览会11月5日在上海开幕。国家展Covering a total area of 30,000 square meters, the country exhibitions will host 64 countries (including China) and three international organizations, with uniquely designed pavilions to showcase the

2、 countries development achievements, business environment and special industries.国家展总展览面积3万平方米，集中展示各国发展成就、营商环境和特色产业。各国家馆的形象设计独具本国特色，共有64个国家（含中国）、3个国际组织参展。The 15 guest countries of honor are Cambodia, the Czech Republic, France, Greece, India, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Peru, Russi

3、a, Thailand, Uzbekistan, and Zambia.15个主宾国（按英文字母排序）分别是柬埔寨、捷克、法国、希腊、印度、意大利、牙买加、约旦、哈萨克斯坦、马来西亚、秘鲁、俄罗斯、泰国、乌兹别克斯坦和赞比亚。企业展Covering 330,000 square meters, the business exhibitions have attracted more than 3,000 companies from over 150 countries and regions.企业展总展览面积33万平方米，来自150多个国家和地区的3000多家企业签约参展。第二届虹桥国际经济

4、论坛The second Hongqiao International Economic Forum, under the theme of Opening-up and Innovation for Win-win Cooperation, includes five parallel sessions and attracts over 4,000 delegates.第二届虹桥国际经济论坛主题为“开放创新、合作共赢”，包括5场分论坛，有4000多名代表参会。The scale of the second CIIE is larger than the first one, with th

5、e total exhibition area rising to 360,000 square meters from 300,000 square meters last year.第二届进博会的规模比第一届更大。首届展览总面积30万平方米，今年达到36万平方米。A total of 71.13 billion US dollars worth of tentative deals were reached for one-year purchases of goods and services during the second China International Import Ex

6、po (CIIE), up 23 percent year on year, Sun Chenghai, deputy director of the CIIE bureau, told a press conference Sunday.中国国际进口博览局副局长孙成海介绍，按一年计，第二届中国国际进口博览会累计意向成交711.3亿美元，比首届增长23%。Among the expos diverse displays, 391 new products, technologies and services were launched for the first time on the Chi

7、nese mainland or worldwide, he added.多样化的展品中，全球或中国大陆首发新产品、新技术或服务391件。More than 230 companies from all over the world have signed up for the third CIIE, with their combined exhibition area exceeding 84,000 square meters, according to Sun. Among them are more than 80 Fortune Global 500 companies or in

8、dustrial leaders, with a total exhibition area of more than 50,000 square meters.截至目前，已有230多家企业签约报名第三届企业展，展览面积超过8.4万平方米。其中，世界500强和龙头企业超过80家，展览面积超过5万平方米。治疗阿尔茨海默病国产新药 the worlds first innovative therapy for treating Alzheimers diseaseA homegrown drug, GV-971,which is the worlds first innovative therap

9、y for treating Alzheimers disease in 17 years will be available to Chinese patients before the end of this year, its developers said on Sunday.11月3日，治疗阿尔茨海默病国产新药九期一（内加“R”）（甘露特钠，代号：GV971）的研发机构表示，该药将在今年年底与国内患者见面，填补了全球阿尔茨海默病治疗领域17年无新药上市的空白。该药以海洋褐藻提取物为原料（materials extracted from brown algae），制备获得的低分子酸性寡

10、糖化合物，可明显改善轻度至中度阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能（treat mild to moderate forms of the disease and improve cognition）。Alzheimers disease, an irreversible and progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory, thinking ability and the capability to carry out simple tasks, affects at least 50 million people worldwide,

11、and the number is expected to increase as populations age.(动词)阿尔茨海默病是一种不可逆的、渐进型大脑紊乱病症，会缓慢损坏记忆力、思考能力以及执行简单任务的能力，全世界至少有5000万患者，随着人口老龄化加剧，患者数量还会继续增加。China has roughly 10 million people with Alzheimers, the most in the world.我国有阿尔茨海默病患者约1000万人，是世界上患者人数最多的国家。新药作用机制是什么？Scientists said the drug functions m

12、ainly by rebalancing gut microbiota, reducing neuro-inflammation and reducing cognitive impairment.科学家表示，该药主要通过重塑肠道菌群平衡，减少相关神经炎症的发生，从而改善认知功能障碍。新药效果如何？A phase III clinical trial of the drug involving 818 patients completed in July last year had proven to continuously and effectively improve cognition

13、 among mild to moderate Alzheimers disease sufferers over a period of nine months, said Geng Meiyu, lead researcher on the drug and a researcher with the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Institute of Materia Medic.该药主要发明人、中国科学院上海药物研究所研究员耿美玉介绍，“九期一”的3期临床试验研究于去年7月完成了818例受试者的服药观察，在为期36周的试验中，“九期一”能够

14、明显改善轻、中度阿尔茨海默病患者的认知功能障碍。何时上市？The first production line for the drug will begin running this week. Patients will be able to buy the drug around the country from Dec 29, and more production lines will gradually be put into operation, which will meet the needs of 2 million patients, according to Shangh

15、ai Green Valley Pharmaceutical, one of the drugs developers.该药的研发机构之一、上海绿谷制药有限公司表示，“九期一”将于本周投产第一批，预计12月29日投放至全国。生产企业正在筹建新工厂，建成后可满足每年200万患者用药量的生产、销售。(1) People more likely to feel pain on humid days 人们 “在潮湿天更容易感觉疼痛”一项研究显示，患有关节炎等长期健康问题的人在潮湿的天气里更容易感到疼痛。民间流传，寒冷会使疼痛更严重，但实际上人们对这类天气的影响研究甚少。曼彻斯特大学的这项研究分析了从2

16、500人的智能手机上收集来的数据，结果发现，在温暖潮湿的日子里，疼痛的症状其实更严重。Many people assume that itstemperaturethat influences thepain experiencedby those who live with conditions such asarthritis.许多人认为是温度影响了关节炎等疾病患者的疼痛感。But researchers found that rather than acold snap, participants felt the greatest pain on days during which t

17、here was highhumidity. Lowair pressureand windy conditions were also linked to painful days. Dry,stilldays were the least likely to be painful.但研究人员发现，寒潮并非罪魁祸首，参与调查的人们在湿度较大的日子里感受到的疼痛最严重。低气压和多风的天气环境也与疼痛的程度有关。在干燥、平和的日子里，人们感到疼痛的可能性最低。The researchers say their findings could help to develop a painforeca

18、st, which would allow people to plan activities for the least painful days. It could alsoshine a light onthemechanismsof pain and lead to the development of new treatments.研究人员表示，他们的发现可能有助于开发一种疼痛预测系统，使人们能在痛感最低的日子里安排活动。它还可能帮助人们进一步理解疼痛的机制并带动新治疗方法的发展。词汇temperature 温度pain 疼痛experienced 体会到的，感受到的arthriti

19、s 关节炎cold snap 寒潮，乍寒期humidity 湿度air pressure 气压windy 多风的，刮风的still （天气）平静的forecast 预测、预报shine a light on 为提供解释mechanisms 机制(2) Greater protection for Emperor penguins called for 专家呼吁加强对南极帝企鹅的保护如果气候如预期变暖，到2100 年，南极帝企鹅将面临真正的困难。专家说，这些鸟在海冰上养育它们的后代，所以如果它们赖以生存的这个 “平台” 像气候模型所预测的那样大幅消融，帝企鹅的数量则很有可能急剧减少。文字稿Emp

20、erors are the biggest of the penguins, and in many ways the mostresilient. They breed right in the middle of theferociousAntarctic winter, but their need for nine months ofstablesea-ice on which to bring up their young means they face an uncertain future.帝企鹅是企鹅中体型最大的，在很多方面，适应能力也是最强的。它们在南极地区凶险的严冬时节繁殖

21、，但它们需要九个月稳固的海冰来养育幼鸟，这意味着帝企鹅的前途未卜。Climate modelsprojectlarge sea ice losses, and with them, perhaps, a 50% reduction in the Emperor population by 2100. Scientists who study the birds believe its time their particularvulnerabilitywas formally recognised, and they want to seemeasurestaken to ease other

22、 pressures faced by Emperors, such as the fishing activities thatimpinge ontheir food supply.气候模型预测海冰会大量减少，帝企鹅的数量可能会在 2100 年前随之减少一半。研究该鸟类的科学家们认为，现应严肃认识到这一特定物种的脆弱性，他们也希望能看到人们采取措施，以缓解帝企鹅所面临的其它压力，比如影响它们食物供应的捕鱼活动。The scientists are pressing the International Union for Conservation of Nature to lift Empe

23、rors higher up on its list of Earths endangered species.科学家们敦促世界自然保护联盟在地球濒危物种名单中把帝企鹅所处的位置提高。词汇resilient 适应能力强的ferocious （环境条件）凶险的，恶劣的stable 稳固的project 预计，预测vulnerability 脆弱性measures 措施impinge on 妨碍，起负面影响(3) Radical Parkinsons treatment tested in patients 帕金森病: 颠覆性疗法在患者身上测试一项将药物直接导入患者大脑中的、具有颠覆性的帕金森病疗

24、法已在人身上进行了测试。在试验中，一组患者接受了这类治疗，即药物通过头部一侧的开口注入大脑；另一组则接受了 “安慰剂疗法”。Parkinsons causes parts of the brain to becomeprogressivelydamaged, resulting in a range ofsymptomssuch as involuntary shaking and stiff, inflexible muscles. Now British scientists have, for the first time, given aproteincalled GDNF direc

25、tly into the brain in the hope that it couldregeneratedying cells and even reverse the condition.帕金森病导致部分大脑逐渐受损，引发一系列症状，比如无意识的颤抖和肌肉僵硬、不灵活等。现在，英国科学家首次将一种名为 “胶质细胞源性神经营养因子” 的蛋白质直接注入大脑，希望这样做可以让濒死的细胞再生，甚至逆转病情。41 participants underwent robot-assisted surgery to have four tubes screwed into their brains, w

26、hich allowed GDNF to beinfusedto the affected areas withpinpoint accuracyvia a port in their head.41 名参与者接受了机器人辅助手术，手术将四根导管插入大脑，这使得胶质细胞源性神经营养因子通过头部的开口极其精确地注入病变区域。In the study, some patients received the protein and others received aplacebo. Both groups showed improved symptoms, so its not clear if t

27、he protein was responsible for thebenefits. However, scans did find evidence of improvement to affected areas of the brain in those given GDNF.在这项研究中，给一些患者注入了蛋白质，而给另一些患者使用了安慰剂。两组患者的症状均有所改善，所以目前还不清楚这是不是蛋白质起到的作用。但脑部扫描结果的确显示，在那些给予蛋白质的患者中，脑内的病变区域得到了改善。Researchers hope that further trials could look at i

28、ncreasing the doses of GDNF for the duration of treatment. While this is far froma curefor those with Parkinsons, it may provide some hope to the millions of sufferers around the world.研究者们希望进一步的试验可以着眼于在治疗期间增加胶质细胞源性神经营养因子的剂量。尽管这还远远不能治愈帕金森病患者，但它或许能给世界各地数百万帕金森患者带来一丝希望。1. 词汇progressively 逐渐地symptoms 症状

29、protein 蛋白质regenerate 再生infused 被注入pinpoint accuracy 高精确度placebo 安慰剂benefits 益处、好处a cure 治愈方法(4) Global insects undergoing dramatic rates of decline 全球昆虫总数 “急剧下降”一份有关昆虫数量的科学审核报告显示，世界上40%的昆虫物种数量正 “急剧下降”。这份报告称，导致昆虫总数下降的原因是集约型农业、使用杀虫剂以及气候变暖。Insects are the mostabundantform of animal life on the planet,

30、 representing more than 17 times theweightof the entire human population.昆虫是地球上数量最充足的动物生命体，它们的重量之和相当于整个人类人口体重的 17 倍。This study looked at 73 scientific reports. It found that overall, insect populations are falling by about 2.5% a year. 40% of the worlds insects could beextinctwithin a few decades.这份

31、研究分析了 73 份科学报告。研究发现，总体来讲，昆虫的数量每年下降 2.5% 左右。世界上 40% 的昆虫有可能会在未来的几十年里灭绝。In some areas, thedeclineis even more rapid. According to one recent study, the number ofground insectsin Puerto Rico has fallen by 98% over the last 35 years.A growing body ofresearch shows that insects are declining about twice a

32、s fast asvertebrates.在一些地区，昆虫数量的下降速度更快。一项最新报告显示，波多黎各的陆地昆虫数量已在过去的 35 年间下降了 98%。越来越多的研究表明，昆虫数量的下降速度大约是脊椎动物的两倍。The reports authors say arethinkingof currentagricultural practiceis needed, in particular, a serious reduction inpesticideusage.这份报告的作者们说，有必要重新审视当前的农耕方式，尤其应着重减少杀虫剂的使用。1. 词汇abundant 数量充足的weigh

33、t 重量，体重extinct 灭绝的decline 减少ground insects 在陆地上生活的昆虫a growing body of 越来越多的vertebrates 脊椎动物rethinking 重新思考，重新审视agricultural practices 农耕方法pesticide 杀虫剂(5) Warming threatens Himalayan glaciers 气候变暖给喜马拉雅冰川带来威胁一份研究报告称，气候变化给兴都库什山脉和喜马拉雅山脉的冰川带来的威胁日益加剧。此研究发现，如果人们不迅速减少二氧化碳的排放，这些巨大冰原的三分之二可能会消失。文字稿Thetowering

34、 peaksof K2 and Mount Qomolangma are part of thefrozenHindu Kush and Himalayarangesthat contain more ice than anywhere else on Earth, apart from thepolar regions.乔戈里峰和珠穆朗玛峰的高耸山顶是结冰的兴都库什山脉和喜马拉雅山脉的一部分，除极地区域以外，这两个山脉的含冰量比地球上任何一个地方都多。But theseice fieldscould turn to bare rocks in less than a century beca

35、use of rising temperatures, say scientists.但科学家们说，由于气温升高，这些冰原可能在不到一个世纪的时间内变成裸露的岩石。Over the next few decades, themeltingcouldacceleratethanks to warming and increasedair pollutionfrom a growing population depositingsooton the ice.在接下来的几十年内，冰川融化速度可能会加快，这是由于气候变暖以及日益增长的人口在冰上留下煤灰而造成空气污染加剧。If global tempe

36、ratures rise by 2 degrees C, then half theglacierswould be gone by 2100. Even if the world takes dramatic action and limits warming to 1.5C by the end of the century, 36% of the glaciers will have disappeared.如果全球气温上升 2 摄氏度，那么冰川将在 2100 年前减半。即使全世界都采取断然的行动，在本世纪末将全球变暖控制在 1.5 摄氏度以内，36% 的冰川也将消失。As well a

37、s millions of people living in the mountains, there are another 1.65 billion living in theriver valleysbelow - all arevulnerabletofloodingand the destruction of crops.除了生活在山区的数百万人以外，还有 16.5 亿人生活在低处的河谷地区，他们容易受洪水和农作物被破坏的影响。1. 词汇towering peaks 高峰，峰顶frozen 冰冻的，结冰的ranges 山脉polar regions 极地区域ice fields 冰原

38、melting 融化accelerate 加速air pollution 空气污染soot 煤灰glaciers 冰川river valleys 河谷vulnerable 易受影响的flooding 洪水(6) French restaurants fighting climate change 变废为宝：法国餐厅应对气候变化French restaurants fighting climate change 变废为宝：法国餐厅应对气候变化French cuisine, but not as you know it. On this idyllic-looking island on the

39、northern outskirts of Paris, a food revolution is underway.法国菜，但不是你所熟知的那种。在巴黎北郊这座充满田园风情的岛上，一场食物变革正在进行中。The team here are busy turningwaste foodfrom nearby restaurants and hotels into this stuff:compost. This is one of six urban composting sites across France, run by a social enterprise called Les Al

40、chimistes.这支团队正忙着把来自附近餐馆和酒店的剩菜剩饭变成这个东西：堆肥。这是法国六个城市堆肥场之一，由一家名为 “Les Alchimistes” 的社会企业经营。Cyrielle Callot, Les AlchimistesOne of the biggest problems we noticed was that 30% of the waste produced within city within Paris was actually made oforganicwaste. This goes tolandfill, which makes no sense. We

41、decided we could take this organic matter, which is very precious, and turn it into a solution, to turn it into compost.西里艾尔卡洛 Les Alchimistes 公司“我们注意到的一个最大的问题是巴黎市内产生的 30%的垃圾其实是有机垃圾。这些垃圾会被送往垃圾填埋场，这毫无道理。我们决定把这些非常珍贵的有机物质变成解决问题的办法，变成堆肥。”Compost that is then sold in bulk to farmers. This is good for the

42、 environment, because when food waste ends up in landfill, it releases methane, a powerfulgreenhouse gasthat warms up the planet.随后堆肥被批量卖给农民。这样做对环境有益，因为食物垃圾被送往填埋场后会释放甲烷，这是一种强大的温室气体，会使地球升温。In order to produce the compost a bit faster than you can in your garden, the team rely on industrial composters

43、 like these.为了比你在自家花园里更快地生产堆肥，这个团队依靠这种工业堆肥机。But how does the food waste get here in the first place, you might wonder. A team of cyclists is being assembled to collect the food in cities. More than sixty businesses have signed up and receive multiple visits like this one every day. This hotel was on

44、e of the first to get on board.但这些食物垃圾一开始是怎么运到这里的？你可能想知道。一组自行车骑手被召集在一起，在各城市收取食物垃圾。超过六十家企业已经注册参与，像这家酒店一样，每天都有人多次前来取垃圾。这家酒店是最先加入该计划的公司之一。Cedry Daroso, Campanile La Villette HotelOur generation, we are really concerned about everything with the climate change and the waste of food.赛德利达罗索 维耶特钟楼酒店“我们这一代真

45、的很关心一切有关气候变化和食物浪费的事情。”If the scheme proves popular, this may become a more common sight in our cities.如果该计划确受欢迎，这也许会成为我们城市中更常见的一道风景线。词汇waste food 食物垃圾，剩菜剩饭compost 堆肥，有机肥料organic 有机的landfill 垃圾填埋场greenhouse gas 温室气体(7) Electrifying Africa 让非洲全面通电Sneaking up on a rare black rhino has never been easier

46、. An electric car can negotiate the savannah in silence. But improving the chances of seeing the Big Five is just the beginning for the Swedish start-up company thats set its sights much wider.偷偷地接近一头稀有的黑犀牛从来没有这么容易过。一辆电动汽车可以无声无息地驶过大草原。但对于这家将目光投向更广阔领域的瑞典初创公司来说，提高人们看到 “非洲五霸” 的机会只是一个开始。Filip Gardler, O

47、pibus co-founderSafari vehicles was a perfect entry market, more or less, to enter. They had the need of the tourists visiting having high requirements onsustainability.菲利普嘉德勒 Opibus 创始人“游猎汽车基本上是一个完美的入门市场。他们接待的游客对生态的可持续性有很高的要求。”Filip Lovstrom, Opibus co-founderAll across the world, we have 1.1 billi

48、on vehicles, so why should we replace all of those with the new electric cars when we instead, canconvertthem?菲利普勒夫斯特伦 Opibus 联合创始人“全世界共有11亿辆汽车，那么我们为什么要把所有的汽车都换成新的电动汽车，而不是改装它们呢？”But these are the big prize. Converting Nairobis Matatu mass-transport minibuses to electric would have a huge impact and theres currently asurplusof electricity here.这些才是最难能可贵的：将内罗毕的马塔图公共交通小巴改为电动车会产生巨大的影响，而且这里目前有剩余电力。But a huge number