赢在篇章之议论文（文学与艺术）（含答案）.docx

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1、赢在篇章之议论文（文学与艺术）导学一 议论文类文体概述1. 文体的特征和框架结构议论文是英语中的重要文体，在每年的高考阅读理解中占有一定的比例。议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。议论文的写法通常有以下三种形式：一：正方(甲方)，反方(乙方)，我认为 二：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题。三：论点，理由(证据)，重申论点。 2. 解题方法 1. 避免读得太快，做题靠印象和直觉。(要求每一道题回到原文去找答案)2. 要先看题目，后读文章。(与先读文章，后看题目的比较)高考材料阅读方法：先通读全文，重点

2、读首段、各段的段首段尾句，然后其他部分可以略读，再审题定位，比较选项，选出答案。要有把握文章的宏观结构、中心句的能力。3. 阅读中需要特别注意并做记号的有：(1) 标志类、指示类的信息。 表示并列关系：and, also, coupled with等； 表示转折关系：but, yet, however, by contrast等； 表示因果关系：therefore, thereby, consequently, as a result等； 表示递进关系：in addition to, even, whats more, furthermore等； 表示重要性的词：prime, above al

3、l, first等。以上关键词有助于我们对文章逻辑结构的把握。(2) 具有感情色彩、显示作者态度的词：blind盲目的(贬), excessively过分的(贬), objective(客观)等。（2018西域模拟）Ownership used to be about as straightforward as writing a cheque. If you bought something, you owned it. If it broke, you fixed it. If you no longer wanted it, you sold it or threw it away. I

4、n the digital age, however, ownership has become more slippery. Since the coming of smartphones, consumers have been forced to accept that they do not control the software in their devices; they are only licensed to use it. As a digital chain is wrapped ever more tightly around more devices, such as

5、 cars and thermostats （恒温器）, who owns and who controls which objects is becoming a problem. Buyers should be aware that some of their most basic property rights are under threat.The trend is not always harmful. Manufacturers seeking to restrict what owners do with increasingly complex technology hav

6、e good reasons to protect their copyright, ensure that their machines do not break down, support environmental standards and prevent hacking. Sometimes companies use their control over a products software for the owners benefit. When Hurricane Irma hit Florida this month, Tesla remotely updated the

7、software controlling the batteries of some models to give owners more range to escape the storm.But the more digital strings are attached to goods, the more the balance of control leans towards producers and away from owners. That can be inconvenient. Picking a car is hard enough, but harder still i

8、f you have to dig up the instructions that tell you how use is limited and what data you must give. If the products are intentionally designed not to last long, it can also be expensive. Already, items from smartphones to washing machines have become extremely hard to fix, meaning that they are thro

9、wn away instead of being repaired.Privacy is also at risk. Users become terrified when iRobot, a robotic vacuum cleaner, not only cleans the floor but also creates a digital map of the inside of a home that can then be sold to advertisers (though the manufacturer says it has no intention of doing so

10、). Cases like this should remind people how jealously they ought to protect their property rights and control who uses the data that is collected.Ownership is not about to go away, but its meaning is changing. This requires careful inspection. Devices, by and large, are sold on the basis that they e

11、nable people to do what they want. To the extent they are controlled by somebody else, that freedom is compromised.文章结构分析：一. Introduction: 首段首句：Ownership used to be about as straightforward as writing a cheque.二主要观点：首段：论点1：In the digital age, however, ownership has become more slippery. 论点2：Buyers s

12、hould be aware that some of their most basic property rights are under threat.第二段：论点2的分论点1：The trend is not always harmful.第三段：论点2的分论点2：That can be inconvenient.第四段：论点2的分论点3：Privacy is also at risk.三Conclusion：最后一段首句为结论：Ownership is not about to go away, but its meaning is changing.1What benefit doe

13、s it bring to customers if companies control the ownership of products?AIt provides them with knowledge to prevent hacking.BIt gives them the chance to be protected from danger.CIt enables them to own the copyright of the products.DIt helps them know more about complex technology.2The underlined wor

14、ds that freedom in the last paragraph refer to the freedom to _.Acontrol other people Bshare the ownershipCinspect devices at any time Duse devices as one wishes3The author may agree _.Acustomers should buy fewer digital devicesBproducers should control property rightsCproperty rights need to be pro

15、tectedDbetter after sales service is required4Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion【答案】1-4 BDCA本文是一篇议论文。本文就“所有权”进行了论述。“所有权”过去就像写支票一样简单，随着电子时代的到来，它的意义正在改变，但“所有权”不会消失。1细节理解题。根据第二段中Sometimes companies use their co

16、ntrol over a products software for the owners benefit. When Hurricane Irma hit Florida this month, Tesla remotely updated the software controlling the batteries of some models to give owners more range to escape the storm.和第三段中But the more digital strings are attached to goods, the more the balance

17、of control leans towards producers and away from owners. That can be inconvenient. Picking a car is hard enough, but harder still if you have to dig up the instructions that tell you how use is limited and what data you must give.可知，特斯拉的例子指出如果产品公司控制产品的所有权，该公司可以采取措施避免他们的顾客遭受危险。故选B。2词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“Dev

18、ices, by and large, are sold on the basis that they enable people to do what they want.”总的来说，设备的销售是基于它们能让人们做他们想做的事。以及“To the extent they are controlled by somebody else, that freedom is compromised.”在某种程度上，它们是被别人控制的，这种自由是妥协的。由此推知，划线词的意思是“使用设备的自由”。故选D。3推理判断题。根据第四段中Cases like this should remind people

19、 how jealously they ought to protect their property rights and control who uses the data that is collected.可知，作者可能同意保护产权需要得到保护。故选C。4推理判断题。根据第一段中Ownership used to be about as straightforward as writing a cheque.可知，本句是文章的引入；第一段中的In the digital age, however, ownership has become more slippery.和Buyers s

20、hould be aware that some of their most basic property rights are under threat.这是文章的两个主要观点；第二段第一句The trend is not always harmful.第三段中That can be inconvenient.第四段第一句Privacy is also at risk.这是第2个观点的3个次要点；最后一段第一句Ownership is not about to go away, but its meaning is changing.这是本文得出的最后结论。故选A。导学二 话题高频词汇1.文

21、学艺术类话题高频词汇文学艺术类话题是属于24个常考话题，历年真题当中也会涉及文学艺术类话题的篇章命题。常用词汇包括常见的文学艺术类型和特点及一些常用短语。识记此类话题词汇能够增加背景知识，帮助理解篇章意思。英文中文英文中文1biography17playwright2drawing18publish3essay19subscribe4fiction20classic5gallery21musical6opera22draft7novel23perspective8poem24pianist9figure25original10chapter26masterpiece11character27b

22、e set in12dialogue28on exhibition13exhibition29shape ones character14literature30a sense of beauty15record31widen ones horizon16sculpture32win the Nobel Prize in Literature【答案】英文中文英文中文1biographyn. 传记17playwrightn. 剧作家2drawingn. 绘画，绘图18publishv. 出版，发行3essayn. 论说文，散文19subscribev. 订阅，订购（报刊等）4fictionn.

23、（虚构）小说20classicadj. 经典的； n. 名著5galleryn. 画廊21musical6operan. 歌剧22draftn. 草图，草稿，草案； v. 起草，草拟 7noveln. （长篇）小说；adj. 新奇的23perspectiven. 观点，视角，看法8poemn. 诗24pianistn. 钢琴家9figuren. 数字，（人的）形体，人物。（绘画、雕刻）人物像 vt. 认为，计算25originaladj. 原创的； n. 原作10chaptern. 章（节），回26masterpiecen. 代表作11charactern. 角色，人物27be set in以

24、为背景12dialoguen. 对话，对白28on exhibition在展览中13exhibitionn. 展览，展览会29shape ones character塑造人的性格14literaturen. 文学30a sense of beauty美感15recordn. 记录，唱片31widen ones horizon开阔某人的眼界16sculpturen. 雕塑（术），雕刻（术），雕像，雕刻作品32win the Nobel Prize in Literature获得诺贝尔文学奖导学二 议论文文体篇章分析(2018高三上重庆月考）Literature is an important p

25、art of a total language arts program at all grade levels because of the many benefits it offers.Literature provides pleasure to listeners and readers. It is a relaxing escape from daily problems, and it fills leisure moments. Making time for recreational reading and using high-quality literature hel

26、p to develop enthusiastic readers and improve achievement. Developing a love of literature as a recreational activity is possibly the most important outcome of a literature program.Literature builds experience. Through reading, children expand their horizons through vicarious(引起共鸣的) experiences. The

27、y visit new places, gain new experiences, and meet new people. They learn about the past as well as the present and learn about a variety of cultures, including their own. They discover the common goals and similar emotions found in people of all times and places. Nory Ryans Song by Patricia Reilly,

28、 Giff, a hard survival story, is set in Ireland during the potato hunger of I845, and Patricia Polaccos The Butterfly ,deals with Nazis, resistance, and Jewish persecution(迫害) during World War II.Literature provides a language model for those who hear and read it. Good literature exposes children to

29、 correct sentence patterns, standard story structures, and varied word usage. Children for whom English is a second language can improve their English with the interesting context, and all children benefit from new vocabulary that is woven into the stories.Literature develops thinking skills. Discus

30、sions of literature bring out reasoning related to sequence; cause and effect; character motivation; predictions; visualization of actions, characters, and settings; critical analysis of the story; and creative responses.Literature helps children deal with their problems. By finding out about the pr

31、oblems of others through books, children receive insights into dealing with their own problems, a process called bibliotherapy (阅读疗法). Children might identify with Gilly, living angrily in a foster home in Katherine Patersons The Great Gilly Hopkins, or with Mary Alice, a city girl forced to live wi

32、th her grandma in a “hick town in Richard Pecks A Year Down Yonder.1What is likely to be the most significant consequence of a literature program?AThe habit of reading for pleasure. BThe lessons learned from works.CThe achievements of language skills. DThe ways of thinking developed by reading.2Why

33、are Nory Ryans Song and The Butterfly mentioned in paragraph 3?ATo introduce two great masterpieces.BTo expand childrens horizons in literature.CTo prove literature includes a variety of cultures.DTo give examples of books that provide such experiences.3From the last paragraph we know that literatur

34、e can be_Aeducational BpracticalCchangeable Dreliable4What could be the best title of the text?APower of Books BWays of ReadingCSource of Human Progress DBenefits of Literature（一）文章结构分析文章结构：总分结构。第一段：论点：Literature is an important part of a total language arts program at all grade levels because of th

35、e many benefits it offers.第二段：分论点1 Literature provides pleasure to listeners and readers.第三段：分论点2 Literature builds experience.第四段：分论点3 Literature develops thinking skills.第五段：分论点4 Literature helps children deal with their problems.（二）阅读理解解题技巧解题步骤：审题圈定位词定位找答案来源句比对选项温馨提示：（1）关键词/定位词可能是问题的原词，也可能是同义词。比如

36、第一题定位词是the most significant consequence of a literature program，而原文中是首段末句the most important outcome of a literature program. 其中the most significant consequence是the most important outcome 的同义替换。（2）正确答案是答案来源的的同义表达。如第一题中正确选项A中The habit of reading for pleasure是Developing a love of literature as a recrea

37、tional activity的同义表达。BONUS BOX: 五个好词积累；英文a relaxing escapeenthusiastic readersrecreational activitya variety ofcritical analysis中文【词来运转】pleasure含义动词形式形容词形式副词形式【答案】1-4 ADBD英文a relaxing escapeenthusiastic readersrecreational activitya variety ofcritical analysis中文轻松逃离热情的读者娱乐活动多种多样的批判性分析pleasure含义动词形式形

38、容词形式副词形式乐趣pleasepleasing / pleasant / pleasedpleasantly / pleasingly / pleasedly2. 七选五I cant imagine going to Paris without visiting the Louver Museum or going to Cairo without visiting the Egyptian Museum. When you go to a new place, you visit the famous museums. 1 I claim that there are three reas

39、ons for visiting a museum. First of all, visiting museum is educational. 2 When you visit a museum, the things you see will be on your head for a long time, it is not like reading a book or watching a movie. I remember visiting the Egyptian museum when I was a kid. It was an amazingly educational vi

40、sit. I can still remember it now. 3 People can know a lot about the country they visit by visiting the museums. You can know about the history of the country, the music they prefer, or the great figures of the nation. In all, when you visit a museum you can gather all kinds of cultural information a

41、bout the country that you cant get easily from books.Moreover, visiting a museum is very entertaining. Watching statues that are three thousand years old or enjoying beautiful paintings in a museum is a great experience. While visiting a museum, you are in world full of wonders. 4 This feeling you w

42、ill not feel it anywhere else. 5 So when you go to any new place make sure to visit the museums there, otherwise you will miss a lot.A. Also, it is a cultural experience. B. In addition, it is worthwhile visiting museum. C. Yet the question is why people visit museums. D. You feel so excited about b

43、eing between these valuable things. E. To sum up, visiting museums is educational, cultural and fun as well. F. A lot of people visit museums to gain knowledge about specific theme.G. In a word, seeing something in person at a museum is quite different from reading it in a book.文章结构：首段提出问题Yet the qu

44、estion is why people visit museums,引入论点：I claim that there are three reasons for visiting a museum. 第二段：原因1 First of all, visiting museum is educational.第三段：原因2 Also, it is a cultural experience. 第四段：原因3 Moreover, visiting a museum is very entertaining.第五段：总结To sum up, visiting museums is educational, cultural and fun as well.BONUS BOX: 好词借鉴及仿写；amazingly educational; entertaining; gather all kinds of cultural information about the country仿写：我对旅游特别着迷，因为旅游非常具有教育意义及充满乐趣。通过旅游，我们可以了解了解这个国家的历史，当地人们喜欢的食物或者是这个国家的一些名人，能够从中了解到书本中无法得到的各种文化知识。