机械专业英语单词.docx

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1、An Introduction to Mechanical Engineering New WordsDimensional consistency量纲一致性Pico- 微微Significant digits有效数字Femto-毫微微approximation估计Angstrom埃Order of magnitude数量级fuselage机身Base units基本单位Heium氦Derived unit导出单位Neon氖standardization标准化Bar code条形码Luminous intensity光强Elastic modulus弹性模量kelvin开氏温标Chuck卡盘m

2、eridian子午线Deflection变形circumference周长Drill bit钻头platinum铂Mach number马赫数iridium铱Coefficient系数Moment of force动量Drag force阻力Tera-兆兆Denominator分母Giga-十亿Impulse冲量Hector-百Cruising altitude巡航高度Deka-十生词（1） Units生词（2）螺纹紧固件与传动螺杆7fastener紧固件Screw螺钉Blind hole盲孔Through hole通孔Threaded hole螺纹孔Tapped hole螺纹孔Bolt 螺栓

3、Stud双头螺栓Threaded rod螺杆Thread head螺纹头Washer垫圈Flat head平头Hexagonal六角的Fillister圆头Thermal expansion热膨胀Dilation膨胀Axial轴向的Helix螺旋Surface treatment表面处理Surface condition表面条件Clamping surface夹紧面Plastic flow塑性滑移Lock washer防松垫圈Slotted nut开槽螺母Locknut防松螺母Spring tension弹簧张力Wedge楔入Split washer开口挡圈Toothed lock washe

4、r齿式锁紧垫圈Slotted nut开槽螺母Castle nut蝶形螺母Cotter pin开口销Mating part配件External thread外螺纹Internal thread内螺纹Right handed右旋Left handed左旋Multiple threaded多头螺纹Pitch螺距Lead导程Lead angle导程角，螺旋升角Major diameter大径Pitch diameter节径，中径Minor diameter小径Power screw传动螺杆Linear actuator线性致动器Ball-bearing screw滚珠丝杠Sliding frictio

5、n滑动摩擦Static friction静摩擦铆钉Rivet铆钉Hammer锤Forge鍛弹簧Torsion bar spring扭杆弹簧Helical compression spring螺旋压簧Helical extension spring拉力弹簧Elongate拉长Torsion spring扭簧Helical spring螺旋弹簧Spiral spring盘簧轴承Journal bearing滑动轴承Rolling-element bearing滚动轴承Lubrication润滑剂Journal轴颈Lubrication mode润滑模式Boundary lubrication边界润

6、滑Mixed lubrication混合润滑Hydrodynamic lubrication流体动力润滑Momentary overload瞬时过载Damp阻尼滚动轴承Inner ring内圈Fatigue疲劳Outer ring外圈Fail失效Rolling elements滚动体Ball bearing球轴承Cage保持架Straight roller bearing直滚珠轴承Seal密封Tapered roller bearing斜滚柱轴承Thrust force轴向力Truncate cone截顶锥Radial force径向力Thrust roller bearing止推滚子轴承Ho

7、using轴承座生词（3）齿轮Gear齿轮Spur gear直齿齿轮external gear外齿轮internal or ring gear内齿轮Pinion驱动齿轮Gear被动齿轮gearset齿轮对mesh啮合Tooth thickness齿厚Tooth space: 齿隙Module模数Gear Ratio齿轮传动比Gear Train齿轮连Simple Geartrain单式齿轮链Idle gears惰轮Compound Geartrain复式齿轮链Planetary Geartrains行星齿轮链planet gear 行星齿轮sun gear中心轮carrier 保持架，系杆sp

8、ider多脚架Bevel Gear锥齿轮，伞齿轮Straight-tooth bevel gear直齿伞齿轮spiral bevel gear螺旋伞齿轮right angle直角Automobile Differential汽车差速器Helical Gear螺旋齿轮Worm蜗杆Worm Gear蜗轮skew shafts 歪轴Rack 齿条Significant figure有效数字Leading zeroes前导零Trapped zeroes中间零Trailing zeroes 末尾零Exact Numbers确切数生词4（Statics & Dynamics）Statics静力学Dynam

9、ics动力学Mechanics力学rest静止Classical mechanics经典力学Rigid body刚体Mechanics of rigid bodies刚体力学Mechanics of deformable bodies变形体力学Mechanics of fluids流体力学Equilibrium平衡Newtons laws of motion牛顿运动定律Postulate假设Particle质点mass质量Uniform motion匀速运动External force外力Resultant force合力Acceleration加速Proportional成比例Action作

10、用Reaction反作用Mutual force相互作用力Magnitude大小Collinear在同一直线上Quantity量Vector向量、矢量Scalar标量Momentum动量Reference frame参考系Cartesian coordinate system笛卡儿坐标系Unit vector单位矢量Subtraction减法Product乘积Inner product内积Vector product向量积Resolve分解Component分量Rectangular component直角分量Vector algebra矢量代数Polar forms极坐标形式Collecti

11、on集合Net effect净效应Vector polygon矢量多边形Trigonometry三角法Eyebolt吊环螺栓Moment力矩Right hand rule右手定则Wrench扳手Lever arm杆臂Pivot point支点Line of action作用线Adjustable wrench活动扳手Couples力偶Translation平移Equivalent等价的Aerodynamics空气动力Space shuttle航天飞机Free body diagram自由体受力图Sketch草图Lap and shoulder seat belt腰肩部安全带Buckle带扣An

12、chor铰钉Strap皮带Resistance阻力Frictional force摩擦力Inhibit约束、制约Asperity粗糙面Distributed load分布载荷Frictional coefficient摩擦系数Kinetic动力的Impending motion临界运动Normal contact force法向接触力Kinematics运动学Displacement位移Kinetics动力学Inertial惯性的Degree of freedom自由度Center of mass质心Moment of inertia转动惯量生词 5（Fluid Mechanics）Fluid

13、 mechanics流体力学Viscosity 粘度Newtonian fluid牛顿流体Velocity gradient速度梯度Fluid strain rate流体的应变速度Coefficient of viscosity粘度系数Flow field 流场Nonviscous无粘性的Cohesive force内聚力Momentum interchange动量交换Adhesion粘附力Convex凸的Concave凹的Mercury水银Viscous粘性的Fluid statics流体静力学Manometer压力表Hydraulic lift液压升降机Hydraulic drum bra

14、ke液压鼓式制动器Brake pedal刹车踏板Flow of fluid液体流Swirl漩涡Laminar flow层流Turbulent flow紊流Reynolds number雷诺数Conservation law守恒定律Mass flow rate质量流量Ambient fluid外围流体Exit velocity出口速度Approach velocity入口速度Aerodynamics空气动力学Thrust推力Airfoil翼剖面Tilt倾斜Angle of attack迎角Airstream气流Chord弦Curvature弧度Sonic boom音爆Impulsive nois

15、e脉冲噪声Ship bow船首Shock wave冲击波Decibel分贝Sound barrier音障Transonic接近音速的Wave drag波浪阻力Stall失速Wind tunnel风洞Ascent configuration上升姿态Upper atmosphere上层大气生词6（Materials）Atomic bond原子键Material property材料特性Composite material复合材料Tailor定制Microstructure微观结构Metallic bond金属键Ionic bond离子键Donor atom施主原子Covalent bond共价键H

16、ydrogen bond氢键Primary bond主价键Secondary bond副键Strength强度Tensile test拉伸试验Ductile可延展的Low-carbon steel低碳钢Structural steel结构钢Ductile material塑性物质Brittle material脆性物质Cast iron铸铁Yield stress屈服应力Proportional limit比例极限Elastic limit弹性极限Onset开始Ultimate strength强度极限Ultimate tensile strength极限抗拉强度Extensometer伸长计

17、Gradient斜度Polymer聚合体Payload有效负载Service temperature工作温度Resisitivity电阻率Periodic table周期表Metal alloys 金属合金Ferrous metal黑色金属Nonferrous metal有色金属Mild steel低碳钢Cold working冷加工硬化Rust生锈Galvanizing电镀Alloy steel合金钢Heat treatment热处理Corrension resistance耐腐蚀性Wrought锻制Copper紫铜Brass黄铜Solder焊接剂Club球杆Transistor晶体管Lat

18、tice点阵栅格Impurity异物Critical temperature临界温度Fiber reinforced composite纤维强化复合材料Refractive index折光率Jacket护套Internal reflection内反射生词7（Thermal Science）Heat transfer热传递，热传导Thermal deformation热变形Heat treatment热处理 Temperature scale温标Heat engine热力机Refrigeration system冷却系统Thermal efficiency热效率Coefficient of pe

19、rformance性能系数Thermometer温度计Mercury水银Kelvin scale开氏温标Specific heat比热Conduction传导Convection对流Radiation辐射Heat rate热耗Heat flux热通量Thermal conductivity导热率forced convection强制对流Natural convection自然对流Convection coefficient散热系数Intervening medium中间媒介Blackbody黑体Graybody灰色体Emmissivity表面辐射率Perpetual motion machine永动机Entropy熵Thermal stress热应力Allowable stress容许应力Expansion joint伸缩接头Hardening淬硬、淬火Quenching淬火Tempering回火Annealing退火Normalizing正火Case hardening表面硬化Soaking高温保温Still air静止空气Decompose分解Deposit沉积Carburizing渗碳Nitriding渗氮编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第8页 共8页第 8 页 共 8 页