2021版高考英语一轮复习讲义（北师大版）第1部分 选修8 2 Unit 23　课后达标检测.doc

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1、课时练12篇阅读1篇完形 阅读理解A(2020 新疆维吾尔自治区适应性检测) Superstorm Sandy slammed into the eastern United States a few years ago. The winddriven water caused a lot of flooding, especially in the regions subway system. Now two teens have invented a device that could help prevent future subway floods.In New York City a

2、lone, Superstorm Sandy caused an estimated $19 billion in damage. Much of the floodwaters entered the subway system through its ventilation grates (通风栅). Those metal grills usually lie at ground level. When the system is shut down ahead of a flood, engineers try to cover those grates with plywood (胶

3、合板) and sandbags. But the flooding often washes away those measures, which allows water to flow into the tunnels. Raising those grates even a tiny bit above ground level would cost a lot of money. Other ideas have included building tall chimneys around the holes. That would raise the grates and cost

4、 a lot of money, too.Kyle and Raymond came up with a different, less expensive idea. They designed a metal grate with a builtin, adjustable cover. When trains are running, one part of the grate slides open to bring in fresh air. But when the system is shut down, that part can be slid shut to complet

5、ely block the grate.Their grate is the same size as the grates used now. So, it would be simple, they say, to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement. Their design includes tamperproof features, which can prevent operation mistakes. They make sure that people dont intentionally shut off air

6、flow during normal conditions. For people with the proper key, it would only take a minute or two to close the grate ahead of a flood.【解题导语】本文主要讲述了几年前超级风暴Sandy猛烈袭击美国东部，造成了洪水灾害，当地的地铁被洪水淹没。为防止地铁再次被洪水淹没，两位少年发明了一种装置。1Whats the second paragraph mainly about?AThe steps to operate grates.BThe measures to p

7、revent flood.CThe function of plywood and sandbags.DThe disadvantage of present subway system.D解析：段落大意题。根据第二段第一句可知，据估计超级风暴Sandy仅在纽约市就造成了价值190亿美元的损失。文章接下来分析了超级风暴造成的洪水淹没地铁的原因：目前的地铁系统存在很大的弊端。故选D。2Which of the following words best describes the two teens new invention?ACostly.BTimesaving.CPractical. DCo

8、nventional.C解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一、二句“Their grate is the same size as the grates used now. So, it would be simple, they say, to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement.”可知，他们使用的栅栏和现在使用的栅栏大小一样，所以，他们说这会很容易就可以把旧的栅栏取出来，并放入一个替换栅栏；再结合最后一段最后一句可推知，新的栅栏操作起来也很方便。故选C。3Whats the purpose of designing the tam

9、perproof feature?ATo replace the old grate correctly.BTo close the grate ahead of a flood.CTo ensure airflow in normal conditions.DTo stop the train speeding up unexpectedly.C解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第三、四句可知，设计干预防护的特点可以阻止操作失误，有了干预防护，他们确保人们不会有意地在正常情况下关掉空气流通的功能，故选C。4Where does the text most probably come from?A

10、A news report.BAn adventurous story.CAn introduction to new equipment.DA guidebook to making grates.A解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了两位少年发明了一种成本较低、实用的地铁防洪装置以及该装置的特点和优势，应该属于新闻报道类文章，故选A。B(2020合肥高三调研)While elephants born without tusks(长牙) are not unheard of, they normally form just 2 to 6 percent of the populat

11、ion. However, that is not the case at Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, where an astonishing 33 percent of female elephants born after the countrys conflict ended in 1992 are tuskless. While that may appear to be just a coincidence, Joyce Poole, an elephant behavior expert, has another theory. Th

12、e researcher thinks we may be witnessing unnatural evolution of the species due to the constant hunting of elephants for valuable ivories.Poole says before the countrys 15yearlong conflict, the park was home to over 4，000 elephants. However, by the time the conflict ended in 1992, about 90 percent o

13、f them had been killed for ivories to get money. Of the less than 200 survivors, over 50 percent of adult females had no tusks. Therefore, it is not surprising that the parks tuskless elephant population has grown greatly.This is not the first time researchers have observed a great change in the pop

14、ulation of elephants. At Zambias South Luangwa National Park and Lupande Game Management Area, areas which were heavily hunted in the 1970s and 1980s, 35% of elephants of 25 years old or older and 13% of those younger than 25 are now without tusks. A 2008 study published in the African Journal of Ec

15、ology found that the number of tuskless females at the Ruaha National Park in Tanzania went from 10.5 percent in 1969 to almost 40 percent in 1989, largely due to illegal hunting for ivories.The recent ban on ivories in both the US and China should help get rid of, or at least reduce, elephant hunti

16、ng. However, scientists are not sure how long it will take for elephants with a higher rate of tuskless females to change the_trend【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。在1992年，在莫桑比克的Gorongosa国家公园，有33%的雌象生来就没有长牙，大象行为专家认为，这是人们为了获得珍贵的象牙，而对大象进行持续不断的猎杀而造成的非自然的进化。5What is the probable cause of the phenomenon mentioned in Paragr

17、aph 1?AIllegal hunting. BConstant farming.CA pure coincidence. DNatural evolution.A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段尾句“The researcher thinks we may be witnessing unnatural evolution of the species due to the constant hunting of elephants for valuable ivories.”可知，这位研究人员认为，由于持续不断地猎杀大象以获取珍贵的象牙，我们可能正在目睹物种的非自然进化。据此可知，第一段中提

18、到的现象的可能原因是非法猎杀，故A项正确。6Why did people kill so many elephants during the conflict in Mozambique?ATo get money by selling ivories.BTo develop new decorations.CTo provide food for local people.DTo make ivory products.A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“However, by the time the conflict ended in 1992, about 90 percent of

19、 them had been killed for ivories to get money.”可知，然而在1992年内战结束时，有大约90%的大象因象牙被猎杀，从而获得钱。据此可知，人们猎杀大象是为了通过销售象牙来获得钱，故A项正确。7Which of the following had the earliest record on tuskless elephants?AGorongosa National Park.BSouth Luangwa National Park.CRuaha National Park.DLupande Game Management Area.C解析：细节理

20、解题。根据第一段的第二句可知，在1992年内战结束时，莫桑比克的Gorongosa国家公园有33%的雌象生来无长牙；根据第三段尾句“A 2008 study published in the African Journal of Ecology found that the number of tuskless females at the Ruaha National Park in Tanzania went from 10.5 percent in 1969 to almost 40 percent in 1989, largely due to illegal hunting for

21、ivories.”可知，Ruaha国家公园在1969年有10.5%的无长牙雌象，到1989年时，有大约40%的无长牙雌象；据此可知，Ruaha国家公园是最早记录无长牙雌象的地区，故C项正确。8What does the underlined phrase “the trend” in the last paragraph refer to?AElephants facing greater danger.BElephants growing more slowly.CFewer female elephants staying alive.DMore female elephants bein

22、g tuskless.D解析：推理判断题。根据尾段第一句“The recent ban on ivories in both the US and China should help get rid of, or at least reduce, elephant hunting.”可知，最近美国和中国都颁布了象牙禁令，这应该有助于消除或至少减少对大象的猎杀；结合该段第二句“However, scientists are not sure how long it will take for elephants with a higher rate of tuskless females to

23、change the_trend”可知，科学家们并不确定对拥有较高比例无长牙雌象的大象们来说需要多长时间才能改变这种趋势。据此可推知，画线词指代“更多的雌象无长牙”这一趋势，故D项正确。 完形填空(2020郑州高三第二次质量预测)My father was born in a small town in the US. He wasnt sure what he wanted from _1_， but something told him to _2_ and begin a new adventure.He began that adventure traveling to cities

24、in the US before going on to Australia, New Zealand and the Philippines. He took my mother and us three daughters with him and went wherever the road _3_ him.Its easy to feel _4_ when youre on the road. We made lots of new friends on our tripmost of them are mechanics, since we often _5_ hours in re

25、pair shops. But that was a way much _6_ than sitting by the roadside while waiting for the engine to _7_ when it was 40 outside.Getting along well sometimes seemed _8_. There were always a lot of _9_， especially among us back seat passengers about who had to _10_ in the middle. But even if it was ha

26、rd, we learned a lot about _11_. When we were traveling in the Philippines, we drove to Quezon City one day. It should have been an hours drive but was nearly three thanks to bad roads and _12_ traffic. “Did you put our suitcases in the car？” my father asked my mother as we arrived there. From the b

27、ack seat, we saw her _13_ turn toward my father. “No，” she said. “I thought you did.” That was how a sevenhour car trip turned into a 16hour one, which was mostly spent in _14_On occasions like that, we had to learn to let go of our anger because we were _15_ in a rolling box with the same people fo

28、r the rest of the _16_. Even if I sometimes felt like opening the car door and _17_ one of my sisters out, I kept my feelings to myself.This is why road trips were like _18_ universities to us. We _19_ our PhDs(博士学位) in how to get along with other people just by traveling in our old car.If we were _

29、20_ given a second chance at life, we would do it all over again. Only this time would I put the suitcases in the car myself.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。小时候“我”随父母以及“我”的姐妹开车旅行，在此过程中，“我们”学会了忍让以及和别人相处。这个颠簸的旅程是一所移动的大学，让“我”受益匪浅。1A.move BlifeCexperience DbeliefB解析：根据上文可知，“我”的父亲出生在美国的一个小镇上；结合该句中的“He wasnt sure what h

30、e wanted”以及下文叙述的他带着全家开车旅行可推知，那时他不确定想从生活中得到些什么，故B项正确。2A.live up Bstruggle onCget out Dwalk aroundC解析：根据该句中的“begin a new adventure”可推知，他得到启示，要他走出去，去开启新的冒险经历。C项意为“离开，从出来”，故C项正确；B项意为“勉强维持”。3A.took BdroveCserved DcontrolledA解析：根据该句中的“wherever the road”并结合语境可知，他带着妈妈和“我们”这三个女儿，沿路旅行。A项表示“带去，引领”，符合语境，故A项正确。4

31、A.anxious BupsetChelpless DlonelyD解析：根据该句中的“when youre on the road”和下文介绍的沿路交朋友可推知，当在路上时，很容易感到孤独(lonely)。5A.wasted BworkedCspent DchattedC解析：根据语境可知，由于“我们”经常花费几个小时在修理店，所以“我们”交的朋友大部分是修理工。6A.better BeasierCsafer DclevererA解析：由于外面的温度达到40摄氏度，所以去修理店要比坐在马路边等候好得多。7A.break down Bcool offCclear up Dturn overB解

32、析：根据该句中的“when it was 40 outside”可知，外面气温高达40摄氏度；据此可推知，该处指等待发动机冷却下来；B项意为“使冷却下来”。故B项正确。A项意为“出故障”，C项意为“清理”，D项意为“翻转”，都与语境不符。8A.available BalternativeCnecessary DimpossibleD解析：根据下文中的“it was hard”并结合语境可知，有时友好相处似乎是不可能的(impossible)。9A.arguments BfightsCembarrassments DamusementsA解析：根据空后的“especially among us.

33、in the middle”可知，“我们”之间总是有很多争吵(arguments)，尤其是关于后座的“我们”谁坐(sit)在中间时。10A.settle BrestCsit DwatchC解析：参见上题解析。11A.sharing BrespectCcommunication DtoleranceD解析：根据该句中的“But”表达的语境可知，尽管这很难解决，但是“我们”学会了忍耐(tolerance)。12A.light BheavyClocal DfastB解析：根据该句中的“It should have been an hours drive but was nearly three”可知

34、，本可以在一小时就完成的路程，“我们”却花了将近三个小时。据此可推知，这里道路较差，交通拥堵，故B项正确。13A.suddenly BsensitivelyCcalmly DslowlyD解析：根据语境可知，“我们”在后座看到母亲慢慢地转过头对父亲说：“没有，我还以为你放了”。14A.silence BvainCpanic DdisappointmentA解析：根据上文可知，母亲忘记将手提箱放进车里；结合该句和下文中的“we had to learn to let go of our anger”可知，“我们”学会了控制自己的怒气，这个七小时的行程最终变成了十六小时的行程，我们大部分的时间都在

35、沉默。15A.buried BcrazyCstuck DimpatientC解析：根据语境可知，在像上文提到的情况下，“我们”必须控制自己的怒气，因为在接下来的旅程(journey)里“我们”和相同的人一起被困在(stuck)车里。16A.holiday BjourneyCexploration DmarchB解析：参见上题解析。17A.dragging BpushingChelping DsendingB解析：根据该句中的“I kept my feelings to myself”可知，“我”控制住了自己的情绪。据此可推知，此处表示有时“我”想要打开车门将“我”的一个姐妹推出车外。B项意为“

36、推”，故B项正确。18A.unusual BcommonCfree DmobileD解析：根据该句中的“road trips”以及下文中的“We _ our PhDs(博士学位)”可知，对于“我们”来说，公路旅行就如可移动的(mobile)大学。19A.earned BexpectedCmissed DvaluedA解析：根据语境可知，就在这辆旧汽车里，“我们”获得了如何和他人相处的博士学位。A项意为“获得，赢得”，故A项正确。20A.somewhere BanytimeCsomehow DanywayC解析：根据语境可知，如果“我们”能以某种方式在人生中获得第二次机会的话，“我们”还会去旅行

37、。C项意为“以某种方式”，故C项正确。课时练22篇阅读1篇七选五1篇语法填空 阅读理解A(2020合肥第一次质检)We can have video chat with astronauts aboard the International Space Station and watch live footage from the frozen heights of a mountain. But communicating with a submarine(潜艇) or a diver is not so easy. The lack of practical methods for sha

38、ring data between underwater and airborne(空气传播的) devices has long been a frustration for scientists. The difficulty stems from the fact that radio signals work perfectly in air travel but poorly in water. Sonar signals used by underwater sensors reflect off the surface of water rather than reaching

39、the air.Now, researchers at MIT have developed a method with the potential to revolutionize underwater communication. “What weve shown is that its actually feasible to communicate from underwater to the air，” says Fadel Adib, a professor at MITs Media Lab, who led the research.The MIT researchers de

40、signed a system that uses an underwater machine to send sonar signals to the surface, making vibrations(震动) corresponding to the 1s and 0s of the data. A surface receiver then reads and decodes these tiny vibrations. The researchers call the system TARF. “It has any number of potential realworld use

41、s，” Adib says. “It could be used to find downed planes underwater by reading signals from sonar devices in a planes black box and it could allow submarines to communicate with the surface.”Right now the technology is lowresolution. The initial study was conducted in the MIT swimming pool at maximum

42、depths of around 11 or 12 feet. The next steps for the researchers are to see if TARF is workable at much greater depths and under varying conditionshigh waves, storms, schools of fish. They also want to see if they can make the technology work in the other directionair to water. If the technology p

43、roves successful in realworld conditions, expect “texting while diving” to be the latest underwater fashion.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项麻省理工学院的科学家发明的从水下与地面上的人进行通信的技术。1What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 1?AThe future of video chat underwater and in air.BThe frustrations of developing under

44、water devices.CThe difficulty of communication from water to air.DThe current situation of communicating with a submarine.C解析：段落大意题。通读第一段的内容可知，该段主要讲的是从水下与地面的人进行通信非常困难，故选C。2What does the underlined word “feasible” mean?AAchievable.BConvenient.CChangeable. DAlternative.A解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Now, research

45、ers at MIT have developed.underwater communication.”可知，麻省理工学院的研究人员发明了一种可能改变水下通信的方法，使从水下与地面上的人进行沟通成为可能，故A项“可实现的”与画线词意思最相近。故选A。3What do we know about TARF?AIt is widely used to find downed planes.BIt can work well at great depths underwater.CIt is an underwater machine that sends signals.DIt can send,

46、 receive and read signals from underwater.D解析：推理判断题。文章第三段详细讲述了TARF系统的工作原理：该系统使用一个水下机器向水面发送声呐信号，对0到1秒的数据产生震动，然后水面接收器读取并对这些微小的震动进行重新编码，这样可以从水下与地面上的人进行通信。故选D。4What is the best title for the text?AThe Realworld Uses of Sonar TechnologyBFull Watertoair Communication Closer to RealityCA Breakthrough in th

47、e Application of Video ChatDTARF Becoming a New Means of CommunicationB解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了科学家发明的一种从水下与地面上的人进行通信联系的系统，研究人员将会把它投入到真实的状况下进行验证，因此B项最适合作本文标题。B(2020山西八校第一次联考)At a farm off Narrow Lane near Lexington, Kentucky, US., oldfashioned houses look over the little red barn(畜舍)The farm is mostly empty now.Jim Mahan and his family, who lived there for generations, have moved to a different plot of land in northern Fayette County.As land is sold, houses go up where there once were