2021版高考英语一轮复习讲义（北师大版）第1部分 选修8 1 Unit 22　Environmental Protection.doc

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1、一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇分类记忆.阅读词汇知其意1ecology n生态2consultant n. 顾问3principle n. 原则，道德准则4boycott n. (联合)抵制5bounce vi. 反弹6coincidence n. 巧合7federal adj. 联邦的8rough adj. 艰难的9hurricane n. 飓风10mainland n. 大陆11grand adj. 巨大的12changeable adj. 多变的13catastrophe n. 巨大的灾难14mountainous adj. 多山的15fragile adj. 易毁的；脆弱的.核心词汇写

2、其形1trap vt. 使困住2beyond prep. 超出3sacrifice vt.& vi. 牺牲；献出4advocate vt. 主张，提倡5substitute n. 代替品，代用品6seize vt. 依法没收；(用武力)夺取7arm vt. 武装8means n. 方法9slide vi. 滑行10flee vt.& vi. 逃走11plug vt. 塞住12carve vt.& vi. 雕刻13slip vi. 滑落14recycle vt. 回收利用 15behalf n. 代表16condemn vt. 迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地.拓展词汇通其变1reserve n保护区

3、 vt.保留；预订reserved adj.预订的；保留的reservation n保留；预订；保护2relevant adj.有关的relevance n相关3agriculture n农业agricultural adj.农业的4threaten vt.威胁threat n威胁threatening adj.威胁的；恐吓的5separation n分离，分开separate vt.分离，分开 adj.不同的；各自的6construct vt.建造construction n建造7potential n可能性，潜在性potentially adv.潜在地，可能地8adopt vt.采用；收养

4、adoption n采用，收养9considerate adj.想得周到的，体贴的consider v考虑consideration n考虑；体贴10allocate vt.分配，配给allocation n分配，配给11sharpen vt.削尖sharp adj.尖的；锐利的sharpener n卷笔刀12calculate vt.计算，算出calculation n计算13finance n资金 financial adj.经济的，财政的1.“相似词”小结dessert 甜点desert 舍弃affect v影响effect n. 影响principle 原则principal 校长wa

5、nder 漫步wonder 想知道2.“方法，途径”种种means n方法way n. 方法approach n. 方法；途径method n. 方法3.“熟词生义”忠义堂arm vt.武装escape v. 被忘掉；被忽视kill v. 消磨(时间)hit n. 成功；红极一时的人或事(二)重点短语记牢用活1a_number_of一些2beyond_ones_control 超出的控制， 不受的控制3look_ahead 展望未来4refer_to 指，意即，提到；参考5in_turn 依次；反过来6lead_to 引起，导致7take_action 采取行动8ahead_of 在前面9ap

6、art_from 除以外10answer_for (对已产生的不良后果) 负责任11call_for_an_end_to_sth. 要求结束12or_else 否则，不然13wrap_up 结束14on_ones_behalf 代表15for_good 永远16carry_off 掠去，夺走17all_in_all 总的来说18result_in 导致19earn_ones_living 谋生20plug_ones_ears 塞住耳朵21all_the_best 祝一切顺利22as_a_matter_of_fact 实际上23break_away_from 摆脱，脱离(某种思想体系、团体、组织

7、)1.“inn.”短语联想in particular尤其，特别in turn 依次；反过来in common 共同，共用in detail 详细地in general 普遍地，一般地in use 在使用中2.for短语集训营for sale出售for free 免费for sure 肯定地for good 永远for instance/example 例如for good measure 额外3.“原因、结果”短语串记as a consequence (of)因此，结果as a result (of) 作为的结果result in/from 导致/起因于on account of 由于beca

8、use of 因为owing to 由于(三)重点句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：looking ahead为动词ing形式作状语Looking_ahead，scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest environmental problems facing the 21st century.展望未来，科学家们认为全球变暖可能会是21世纪面临的最大的环境问题之一。句型2：given用作介词，表示“鉴于，考虑到；倘若”Given this data，it seems that the link bet

9、ween human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.鉴于这些数据，好像人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅只是巧合而已。句型3：过去分词短语作后置定语If we add up all these small changes made_by_everyone_worldwide，they wont be such small changes.如果我们把全世界每个人产生的小改变加到一起它们就不是小的改变了。二、语境强化训练.语境填词根据提示写出该词的适当形式1Experts sa

10、y armed(武装) conflicts are likely to break out between the two countries along the border. 2It took rescuers 90 minutes to reach the trapped(使困住) men.3When he was sliding(滑行) on the snow, he slipped(滑倒) over and broke his legs.4It is my great privilege to say something on behalf(代表) of all the studen

11、ts.5(2018全国卷)Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve(预订) your spot before availabilityand the cherry blossomsdisappear!6The construction(construct) of the two railway lines has been completed by now.7I want to know if you really a

12、dvocate banning(ban) cars in this city centre.8Given(give) the present conditions, I think shes done rather well.9(上海卷)Successful product design takes into consideration(consider) a products function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on.10(2017江苏卷)The quality of life has improved and watching fil

13、ms is regarded as a good means(方式) of entertainment.派生词练习用所给词的适当形式填空1She is so considerate that she has not only considered her own affairs but taken mine into consideration(consider)2They sent a threatening letter to us, but I thought it was an empty threatIts no use threatening uswe didnt give in.

14、(threat)3The old couple adopted a boy ten years ago and their adopted son treated them well and the old couple thought their adoption was the best choice.(adopt)4These tables are reserved for the children and the reserved seats by the window are also taken up, so Ill have to make a reservation for y

15、ou next week.(reserve)5After a long separation,_the young couple lived a separate life and in the end they separated peacefully.(separate).选词成篇in turn; beyond ones control; result in; look ahead; take action; a number of; or elseHumans have damaged the environment in 1.a_number_of aspects, which 2.i

16、n_turn has influenced our life. Besides this, it is 3.beyond_our_control. I think we humans should be responsible for it. 4.Looking_ahead,_it is time for us to 5.take_action；6.or_else,_it would 7.result_in greater damage.carry off; apart from; lead to; on behalf of; answer for; call for an end toWit

17、h more and more factories built in my hometown, a lot of agricultural land has been 8.carried_off,_which has 9.led_to a rise in product prices. 10.Apart_from this, the air and rivers have been heavily polluted.Obviously, the factories should 11.answer_for the consequences. So 12.on_behalf_of the vil

18、lagers benefit, the local government has decided to 13.call_for_an_end_to the factories illegal behaviors.完成句子1一看到警察他就向出口奔去。Seeing_the_police,_he made a run for the exit.2如果得到他的支持，我想我们会赢得这次选举。Given_his_support,_I think well win the election.3我喜欢在这家出版社出版的大部分图书。I like most of the books published_in_th

19、is_publishing_house reserven保护区；保留；储备vt.保留；保存；预订基础练习单句语法填空The waitress said that the seat by the window was reserved for an old man.Im sure that he wont accept our suggestion without reserve.I will call the restaurant and make a reservation(reserve) in case theres none left.能力提升一句多译提前预订一张桌子是个好主意。It

20、is a good idea to_reserve_a_table in advance.(reserve v)It is a good idea to_make_a_reservation_for_a_table in advance.(reservation n)(1)without reserve毫无异议地；毫无保留地in reserve 备用的(2)reserve.for sb./sth. 为某人/某物保留/预订(3)reservation n. 保留；预订(房间、座位等)make a reservation 预订(房间、座位等) 佳句背诵 You cant park here，for

21、 this section of the car park is reserved for visitors.你不能把车停在这里，因为这个停车区是留给游客的。 beyondprep.超出，出乎，为所不能及能力提升完成句子/句型转换除了这几个事实，我们知道的就很少了。Our knowledge does not extend much beyond_these_few_facts事实是，他是这么顽皮的孩子，我实在无法管教。The fact is that he is such a naughty boy that he_is_beyond_my_control.The West Lake is

22、so beautiful that it is hard to describe it in words.The beauty of the West Lake is beyond_descriptionIm sorry I cant make a final decision on this project.Im sorry its beyond_my_power_to make a final decision on this project. beyond ones control超出某人的控制， 不受某人的控制beyond ones reach 够不着，超出之外beyond ones

23、power 超出某人的能力beyond description 无法形容，难以言表beyond belief 难以置信beyond doubt 无疑地 佳句背诵 The tasks they faced seemed far beyond their ability.他们面临的任务似乎远远超出他们的能力。 condemnvt.迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地；谴责；使注定基础练习单句语法填空If you dont learn from the past, youre condemned to_repeat(repeat) its mistakes.As was expected, he was co

24、ndemned to ten years in prison.能力提升完成句子/句型转换因为新的制度，这样的孩子中有一些注定会不及格。Because of the new rules，some of such children are_condemned_to_fail由于他没文化，他注定要干体力活。His lack of knowledge condemns_him_to_do the kind of work that needs strength.As was expected，he was sentenced to life imprisonment.As was expected，h

25、e was_condemned_to life imprisonment.condemn sb.for.因谴责某人condemn sb.to sth./to do sth. 使某人注定/使某人注定做condemn sb.to death 判某人死刑be condemned to death 被判处死刑 佳句背诵 The headmaster strongly condemned empty talk instead of hard work.那位校长强烈谴责了不脚踏实地、夸夸其谈的作风。 sacrificevt.& vi.牺牲；献出n牺牲；祭品，祭祀基础练习单句语法填空Making sacri

26、fices(sacrifice) is always a part of bringing up children.He succeeded in the experiment at the sacrifice of his health.Would you sacrifice some of your salary for more holiday time?The woman sacrificed(sacrifice) her career to bring up the children.(全国卷)Almost every grandparent wants to be with his

27、 or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices(sacrifice)(1)sacrifice sth.to do sth.为做某事而牺牲某物(2)make sacrifices for/to do sth. 为作出牺牲at the sacrifice of. 以牺牲为代价 佳句背诵 From that day on, we learned together, traveled together, and sacrificed together.从那天起，我们一起学习，一起旅行，一起奉献。(江苏卷) advocatevt.主张，提倡

28、n提倡者，拥护者基础练习单句语法填空Animal activists advocate that the government (should)_set(set) up a special organization to protect these migrating birds.Many experts advocate rewarding(reward) your child for good behavior.The boy said that his father was an advocate of reforms on the political system.I strongly

29、 advocate that all of us should learn from him and always be ready to help others.能力提升一句多译他们提倡大家都为那个地区捐些钱。They advocated everyone_donating_some_money_to_the_areaThey advocated that everyone(should)_donate_some_money_to_the_area(1)advocate (doing) sth.提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事advocate that. 主张从句谓语动词用 (should)动词原

30、形(2)be an advocate of/for 的提倡者/拥护者 佳句背诵 However, I advocate that students should go out to get in touch with the outside world and meet some difficulties so that they can value the time of staying at home.但是，我也提倡学生应该出去接触外面世界，遭遇一些困难，这样他们才会更加珍惜在家中的时光。 threatenvt.威胁，恐吓基础练习单句语法填空He tied her up and threa

31、tened her with a sixinch knife.The young girl stood on the top of the building, threatening to_jump(jump)He kept silent，for the old man threatened that he would make it public.China is a peaceloving country，and we have never been a threat to the world.能力提升完成句子(江苏卷)交通问题很难解决， 它不仅影响着我们的日常生活， 而且也可能威胁到人们

32、的生命。The traffic issue is very difficult to settle.It not only affects our everyday life, but_may_also_threaten_peoples_lives(1)threaten sb.with sth.用某事威胁某人threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事 threaten that. 威胁(2)threat n. 威胁a threat to sb./sth. 对某人或某事的威胁 佳句背诵 While danger threatens we must all take care.当有危险的

33、时候，我们都得小心谨慎。Is Christmas a threat to traditional Chinese culture?圣诞节是对中国传统文化的威胁吗？ meansn手段；方法基础练习单句语法填空Students sometimes support themselves by means of doing parttime jobs.Every possible means has_been_tried(try), but none has worked.All possible means have_been_tried(try), but none has worked.(201

34、9江苏卷)Besides，the choice of the traditional Chinese dress means(mean) extra money, and extra time, for we have to change it back after the event.能力提升完成句子(2018全国卷)你最好事先练习用筷子，这也是展示你良好的餐桌礼仪的一种方式。And youd better practice using chopsticks in advance，which_is_also_a_means_of_showing_your_good_table_manners

35、(1)by this means通过这种方法by means of 用办法；借助by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以by no means 决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)(2)a means of communication 一种通讯/交流工具(3)mean v. 意味着；意思是 佳句背诵 I wish that you could grasp this opportunity，which is a means of learning traditional Chinese culture further.我希望你能抓住这个机会，这是进一步学习中国传统文化的一种途

36、径。(2017全国卷)名师点津 means是单复数同形的名词，其谓语动词的数取决于means 前的修饰语。 adoptvt.采用，采纳；收养基础练习单句语法填空/对比填空Many animal welfare organizations provide care and adoption(adopt) services for homeless animals.The young couple had no children of their own and adopted an orphan. After a few months, the child came to adapt to hi

37、s new life. (adopt/adapt)能力提升完成句子我确实珍视这个受教育的机会，总是把这个箴言当作座右铭。I do cherish the educational opportunity and I always adopt_the_motto_to_serve_as_a_reminderadopt sb.as. 收养/挑选某人为adoption n. 收养；采用；通过adopted adj. 被收养的 佳句背诵 As far as Im concerned, we should adopt an optimistic attitude in the face of great

38、pressure.就我个人而言，面对巨大压力，我们应该采取一种乐观的态度。名师点津 一字之差，意义上却大相径庭：adapt意为“(使)适应；改编”；adopt意为“采用，采纳；收养”。 a number of一些，许多；大量的基础练习单句语法填空As China develops fast and steadily, a number of foreigners are_learning(learn) Chinese as a second language.In China, the number of cities is_increasing(increase) whose develop

39、ment is recognized across the world.A great deal of money was_donated(donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are(be) being washed away.能力提升完成句子(2017全国卷)此外，许多著名艺术家的杰作将被展览。In addition, there_are_a_grea

40、t_number_of_famous_artists whose masterpieces will be on exhibition.(1)可数名词复数(2)不可数名词(3)佳句背诵 Ive heard that our school library is planning to buy a number of new books，so I am writing to recommend some books.我听说我们学校的图书馆正计划购置许多新书，所以我写信推荐一些书。 in turn依次，逐个地；反而；反过来能力提升完成句子/一句多译在去加拿大的途中，我们轮流开车。We took_tu

41、rns_to_drive on the way up to Canada.我确信这次是轮到你们大扫除了。Im sure that its_your_turn_to_do the cleaning this time.人们通过自己开车来避免延误，这反过来造成更多的问题。People try to avoid delays by using their own cars, and this in_turn_creates_more_problemsPeople try to avoid delays by using their own cars, which_in_turn_creates_mo

42、re_problems(1)by turns轮流；轮班；交替地take turns (to do sth.) 依次；轮流(说、做等)；轮班(做某事)It is sb.s turn (to do sth.) 轮到某人(干某事)。(2)in return 作为回报 佳句背诵 Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.理论的基础是实践，反过来理论又为实践服务。 all in all总的来说基础练习用all的相关短语填空To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, above_all

43、,_honest.All_in_all,_every road leads to Rome, but I do believe hard work pays off.Dont believe the advertisement. After_all,_it is the customers who pay for whatever they are given.Happiness lies first_of_all in health，as everyone knows.For little children，they need many things，but above_all they n

44、eed love.After_all，they are so young that they need much love and care.at all(常用于否定句和条件从句中以加强语气)根本；无论如何；一点儿after all 毕竟；终究in all 总共first of all 首先，第一above all 首先，最重要的是 佳句背诵 All in all I wonder how much time I end up investing in the whole process. 总而言之，我想知道我在整个过程中投入了多长时间。 given用作介词，表示“鉴于，考虑到；倘若”(教材P6)Given this data，it seems that the link between human activities and rising globa