温州市政府化解信贷担保链风险的实践研究_虞孔坝.docx
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1、 温州市政府化解信贷担保链风险的实践研究 (摘要 ) 专 业:公共管理 研宄方向:行政管理 作者姓名:虞孔坝 指 导 教师 : 同 汉 近年来,受国际经济金融形势及自身发展阶段的影响,中国经济运行开始 呈现增速换挡、结构调整和政策消化 “ 三期叠加 ” 的新常态,实体经济面临较 大的困难。特别是处于产能过剩行业的企业,部分难以为继,出现跑路、倒闭、 破产等现象。加之近年来信贷投放的高速增长,大量企业通过互保、联保等方 式获得融资,在银根收紧之后,部分负债率较高的企业资金链断裂,个别甚至 出现破产倒闭,并通过担保链的传导,将信贷风险进一步扩大。在东部沿海特 别是温州,上述问题尤为突出。温州作为曾
2、经的全国银行业利润高地、全国金 融生态最佳地级市,一度沦 为信贷担保链的重灾区。作为风险先发地区,如何 帮扶企业、化解信贷担保链风险、维护区域金融稳定成为摆在温州市政府面前 的一道难题。这在当前宏观经济下行、全国各地担保链风险陆续爆发、且波及 范围及程度越来越广、地方政府缺乏防控化解经验的背景下,具有重要的理论 意义和现实意义。 本文主要运用了公共管理学、金融学、财政学的相关理论,对信贷担保链 风险的相关概念进行了梳理,对信贷担保链风险管理理论进行了解释,并重点 论述了温州信贷担保链风险的现状、结构、表现形式与危害。在搜集大量的文 献资料、调阅政府部门工作报告和采 集银行业数据等基础上,本文采
3、用文献分 析法、案例分析法和社会调查法,创新性的从政府视角切入,对近年来温州化 解信贷担保链风险的实践进行论述。但由于担保链风险产生机理的复杂性、处 置手段的有限性,同时受制于现有制度约束,温州市政府在信贷担保链风险化 解工作仍然面临较多困难与挑战,政策措施的有效性在短时间内还较难判断。 最后,针对当前化解工作中存在的问题,本文揭示了问题的成因,并提出了完 善的政策建议。 本文的研宄表明,政府果断采取措施是成功化解信贷担保链风险的前提条 件,处置方法得当可行是关键因素,政银企紧密配合是重要保证。针对当前温 州市政府政策效果评估标准,笔者提出了 “ 六看标准 ” ;针对当前温州市政府化 解工作中
4、存在的问题与挑战,笔者提出了相应的完善对策。相信本文将有助于 丰富信贷担保链体系的研究,本文提出的政策建议对温州市政府下阶段行政决 策有参考价值,本人总结的经验模式对全国其他地区具有一定的现实借鉴价值。 关键词 信贷担保链政府救助不良贷款金融监管风险管理 2 The Research of Wenzhou Municipal Governments Practice in Solving Regional Guarantee-chain Loan Risks (Abstract) Major: Master of Public Administration Specialty: Governm
5、ent Administration Author: YU, KONGBA Tutor: GAO, HAN As the global economy goes gloomy, Chinas economy growth is now experiencing a shift down, leaving numerous manufacturers in deteriorating business condition, especially for those industries which are energy-intensive, highly polluting or saddled
6、 with overcapacity. Many companies who got loans easily through mutual guarantee during loosen monetary policy period, is now encountering life and death struggle because of order cutting, labor shortage, cost rising and assets depreciation. Even worse, due to credit fuelled and mutual guarantee loa
7、ns in the past years, single companys risk now spreads along borrowing relation, supply chain and guarantee chain, causing more companies shut down, entrepreneurs flee away, legal dispute, bank non-performance loan (NPL) rising and social security threats, finally a regional financial crisis happens
8、. This case is quite now common in Eastern China, among which Wenzhou is in a more severe situation. Wenzhou used to be outstanding in banking industry, but now is notorious for high rising NPL ratio, huge losses and intractable guarantee problems. Under such case that regional financial stability c
9、annot be achieved by individual effort, the government is spontaneously expected to help. Actually there is no lack of practice of Chinas government in neither rescuing problem banks nor solving economic crisis. But with difference from central government, local government or municipal government ha
10、s limited resource and policy, as well as there is limited reference for municipal government in solving guarantee-chain loan problems. Since Wenzhou is the first city in China facing guarantee-chain loan problems and has taken actions for several years, the study of Wenzhou municipal governments be
11、havior and practice is quite meaningful, some experience and useful lessons can be copied in others cities. This paper will be divided into several parts: the first chapter will give an introduction of the study and talk about research method to be adopted, and then go through a brief introduction o
12、f theory, namely theory of public administration, macro and micro economy, public finance, moral hazard, policy choice of government intervention and etc. The second chapter will give definition of the concepts related to guarantee-chain loan risk and introduce risk management theory. Then chapter t
13、hree will introduce the current situation of guarantee-chain loan risk in Wenzhou. For chapter four, we will discuss the efforts Wenzhou local has taken to help companies and solving NPL, supported by three kinds of pattern and relative examples. Chapter five will deals with the problems, difficulti
14、es, challenges that local government faced with. In chapter six, we will offer advice for further improvement. As for the last chapter, we come to a conclusion. Throughput the whole article, we prove that with faster action and feasible plans, economy can overcome problem more quickly. Also we reali
15、ze that there are still many short comes and challenges, rescue plans might not work as initially proposed, we believe local government should take a long-term perspective coordinate the interest of all parties and unite as one, work hard in solving regional financial risks. Key Words Guarantee-chai
16、n Loan Risks; Government Bail-out; Non-performance Loan; Financial Regulation; Risk Management 2 目录 第 一 章 绪 论 . 1 第一节研究背景、目的和意义 . 1 一、 研宄背景 . 1 二、 研宄目的 . 1 三、 研宄意义 . 2 第二节文献综述 . 3 一、 关于担保链风险的文献综述 . 3 二、 关于金融危机与金融监管的文献综述 . 4 三、 关于政府救助与政策选择的文献综述 . 5 第三节研究的思路、方法和论文结构 . 6 一 研宄思路 . 6 二、 研宄方法 . 7 三、 论文结构
17、. 7 第四节可能的创新点 . 8 第二章信贷担保链风险的相关概念和理论 . 9 第一节信贷担保链风险的相关概念 . 9 錄 . 9 二、 信贷担保 . 9 三、 信贷担保链 . 10 四、 信贷担保链风险 . 11 第二节信贷担保链风险管理理论 . 12 一、 信贷担保链风险管理的原则 . 12 二、 信贷担保链风险管理的特征 . 13 三 、 信贷担保链风险管理的运行机制 . 13 第三章温州信贷担保链风险情况概述 . 16 第一节温州信贷担保链的基本状况 . 16 一、 担保金额规模庞大 . 16 二、 担保形式复杂难辨 . 16 三、 区域行业集中度高 . 17 四、 信贷资产质量快速
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