美国牛肉商品指南.pdf
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1、B-1The beef section ofthe InternationalMeat Manual hasbeen prepared by theU.S.Meat ExportFederation as a refer-ence guide for inter-national beef cus-tomers.Its purpose isto familiarize interna-tional customers withU.S.beef and themost commonly pro-duced cuts.Additionalcuts are also availablefrom ma
2、ny suppliersin the U.S.If more information isneeded in regard tobeef cuts,or beefexportingpacker/processor com-panies,please contactthe U.S.Meat ExportFederation.No portion of thismanual may be repro-duced without thewritten permission ofthe U.S.Meat ExportFederation.1999 U.S.Meat Export Federation.
3、La seccin sobre resdel Manual de CarneInternacional ha sidopreparada por laFederacin deExportadores deCarne de los EstadosUnidos como gua dereferencia para loscompradores interna-cionales.Su propsitoes familiarizar a losclientes interna-cionales con la res ylos cortes que regular-mente se producen.M
4、uchos proveedoresestadounidensestienen disponiblescortes adicionales.Si necesita ms infor-macin sobre loscortes o las compaasempacadoras/proce-sadoras exportadorasde carne de res,porfavor pngase en con-tacto con laFederacin deExportadores deCarne de los EstadosUnidos.Ninguna parte de estemanual pued
5、e dupli-carse sin el permisopor escrito de laFederacin deExportadores deCarne de los EstadosUnidos.B-21999 U.S.Meat Export Federation.T O D A Y SB E E F I N D U ST R YGeneral InformationThe U.S.beef industry is known for the tender,flavorful,grain-fed beef that it produces.Cattle producers take prid
6、e in producing safe and nutritious beef and beef products forconsumers in the U.S.and around the world.A consumer-driven and responsive industry,the U.S.beef industry continues to increase production efficiency,producing beef withhigh quality attributes and satisfying consumers domestically and inte
7、rnationally.Blessed with an abundance of natural resources,the United States has vast expanses ofopen space for cattle grazing and rich farmland for producing the feedgrains that are vitalingredients in specialty formulated feed rations for U.S.cattle.Beef produced in theUnited States is known for i
8、ts taste and tenderness world-wide.These quality attributesare the direct result of the industrys production practices and its commitment to customersatisfaction.There are nearly 900 federally inspected slaughter plants in the United States for cattle.These plants harvest approximately 34 million ca
9、ttle each year.Virtually all U.S.beef is soldas boxed beef,with the U.S.packers and purveyors cutting the carcass into either subpri-mal or retail cuts.The size and structure of the U.S.industry,in combination with the mostadvanced manufacturing technology in the world and food safety controls,make
10、it possi-ble for buyers around the world to purchase specific cuts of high-quality beef in large andsmall quantities at very competitive prices.Food SafetyAs with the entire red meat sector,beef produced in the United States is subject to one ofthe most rigorous inspection and food safety systems in
11、 the world.Food safety manage-ment systems in the United States are science-based and are implemented to minimizefood safety risks.The latest development in this area is the recent passage of a new meatinspection law by the U.S.Congress.This Act mandates the use of Hazard Analysis andCritical Contro
12、l Points(HACCP)principles in managing food safety.The seven principles ofHACCP are widely recognized by scientific authorities and international health organiza-tions as the most effective means for achieving the highest food safety standards.TheseHACCP-based systems are used extensively in the Unit
13、ed States to produce safe and whole-some meat products for the world market.The national food safety system involves several agencies of the Federal government,packing companies and producers;all working in concert to ensure that U.S.beef is safeand wholesome.The Food Safety and Inspection Service(F
14、SIS)is responsible for meat andanimal inspection at the packing plant;the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Servicemonitors and regulates animal health control;and the Food and Drug Administrationapproves and regulates the use of animal health products.At the packing plant level,eachanimal is inspe
15、cted twice.The first inspection is of the live animal and the second inspec-tion is of the carcass and internal organs to ensure U.S.wholesome products.The International Meat Manualbeef section is merely a guide foridentification of beef cuts.Specifications may vary betweensuppliers.The U.S.Meat Exp
16、ortFederation assumes no liability foradherence to the descriptions con-tained herein or for the availabilityof any of the products listed.B-31999 U.S.Meat Export Federation.Beef Quality AssuranceThe U.S.beef industry has instituted a producer-initiated Beef Quality Assurance(BQA)program that is foc
17、used on production practices that ultimately impact product safety.Implementation of these programs demonstrates to consumers,both domestically andinternationally,that the U.S.beef industry is committed to produce the safest and mostwholesome products possible.Carcass ClassificationBeef carcasses ar
18、e classified into yield grades and quality grades which are determined bya USDA grader.Yield grades,a numerical score of 1 to 5,are an estimate of the percent-age yield of boneless,closely trimmed retail cuts from the chuck,rib,loin and round pri-mals.A yield grade of 1 is a very lean(high yield)car
19、cass,while a yield grade of 5 is a lesslean(low yield)carcass.Quality grades are determined by the amount of marbling presentin the ribeye at the 12th and 13th rib interface and indicators of the carcass maturity.Thequality grades are Prime,Choice,Select,Standard,Commercial,Utility,Cutter and Canner
20、.The quality grades most commonly sold in the international markets are Prime,Choice andSelect.Also,marketed internationally is a classification“No Roll”or Ungraded,whichrefers to product that has not been graded.PurchasingBeef specifications must be communicated accurately between purchaser and sup
21、plier.Theitems described in this manual are general guidelines to the industry but may vary fromsupplier to supplier.When ordering products,the buyer should clearly understand the pro-duction specifications offered by the U.S.supplier.U.S.packers are willing to assist inter-national customers with t
22、heir unique needs;specialty products may be ordered.Packaging requirements must be agreed upon between the buyer and seller as part of thecontract or purchase order.Beef products are available in boxes with plastic liner bags,wax-lined boxes,individually wrapped pieces or vacuum packaged pieces.Ther
23、e are ben-efits and costs associated with each type of packaging.B-41999 U.S.Meat Export Federation.B-51999 U.S.Meat Export Federation.B-61999 U.S.Meat Export Federation.B-71999 U.S.Meat Export Federation.B-81999 U.S.Meat Export Federation.B-91999 U.S.Meat Export Federation.B-101999 U.S.Meat Export
24、Federation.L a I n d u s t r i a d el a R e s e n l aA c t u a l i d a dInformacin GeneralLa industria ganadera estadounidense es reconocida por su produccin de carne suave ysabrosa proveniente de reses alimentadas con grano.Los ganaderos se enorgullecen deproducir carne y productos de res saludable
25、s y nutritivos para los consumidores de losEstados Unidos y el mundo.La industria de la res,respondiendo a las demandas de losconsumidores,continua aumentando su productividad,produciendo carne de res con altosatributos de calidad para satisfacer a los clientes nacionales e internacionales.Con la ve
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