构词法-PPT课件.ppt

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1、Word formation 构词法 1.了解五种常见的构词法 2.快速有效记忆单词，扩大词汇量，对正确使用单词词性和词形有很大帮助 2.猜测语境中生词的语义，有利于提高阅读理解能力,1.派生法（Derivation） 在词根(root)前加前缀(prefix)或在词根后加后缀(suffix)，构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词的方法叫作派生法。,un- dis- in- im- mis- non-,understand polite smoker agree fair visible,possible stop lucky lead appear correct,supermarket

2、, superman miniskirt, minibus postwar, post-reading foretell, forecast semicircle, semi-final antiwar, antiknock, anti-gas underground, underdevelop rebuild, remarry, reread subway, subtitle, international, internet encourage, enlarge co-worker, cooperate,post(之后),super- （超级）,mini-（微小）,fore-(前，预先),s

3、emi-(半，部分),anti- (阻止，抗),under-(在下/中），,动动脑：找出下列单词中的前缀，并讨论前缀所含意义,re- 再；又,sub- 下面的；次；小,inter- 相互,en- 使动词前缀,co- 共同,常见的后缀,-er -or -tion -ment -ity -ist -ese -hood -ion -ly -ous -ful -able -ence -al -less -ern -en -ive -ed -ing survive, educate, develop, visit, move, satisfy, teach, sail, piano, art, chil

4、d,differ brother, act, solute, conclude, east, possible,sincere,danger,color,use,value, surprise, culture, nation, fright, china,2.合成法(Compounding) 英语构词法中把两个单词连在一起合成一个新词，前一个词修饰或限定后一个词，这样的方法就是合成法。,blackboard spaceship weekend,man-made first-class English-speaking,group purchasing ant-like graduates l

5、eftover ladies,3.转化法（ Conversion ）,把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法.,1.He is a man of strong build. 2.Have you booked the ticket? 3.When someone has hurt you, calm yourself first. 4.She nursed her husband back to health.,Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.,谚语麻烦没来找你，别自找麻烦。,4.混成法 Blending将两个词混合或

6、各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词，前半部分表属性，后半部分表主体。,news +broadcast newscast smoke +fog smog helicopter + heliport motor+ hotel motel + brunch + botel,新闻广播,烟雾,直升飞机场,汽车旅馆,lunch,breakfast,早午餐,boat,hotel,airport,水上旅馆,5.缩略法（ Abbreviation ） 将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式,又叫截短法。,1.截头telephone airplane 2.去尾mathematics examin

7、ation kilogram laboratory taxicab 3.截头去尾influenza refrigerator ,phone,plane,maths,exam,kilo,lab,taxi/cab,flu,fridge,IOC VOA WWW NBA CCTV,Voice of America,World Wide Web,National Basketball Association,International Olympic Committee,China Central Television,1.For them, playing well and winning are o

8、ften life-and-death affairs.,生死攸关的,2. Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity. Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.,实事求是，脚踏实地,3.Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the sh

9、op without paying for them A.商店里的小偷 C老客户 B.推销员 D搬运工,A,4.It would be easy for someone to mispresent himself on line because you cant see him. Thus someone who says that “she is a 12-year-old girl.”could really be an old man.,Giving a wrong description of,英语构词法主要有派生法(即词根加前缀或后缀构成的新词)、合成法和转化法三种。 从近几年的广东

10、高考题来看，阅读理解中除了有汉语注明的个别生词，以及大约2.5%的派生词和合成词外，没有出现过考纲外的生词。因此，熟练掌握考纲词汇和掌握常见的构词法，阅读这一关就好突破了。,语法填空中必有一道题是考查词类转换的。考查不同词性在句中的不同用法，其中主要涉及到以下三条： 1. 在句中修饰动词或形容词等作状语, 用副词； 2. 在句中作定语、表语或补语, 一般用形容词； 3. 作主语、及物动词或者介词的宾语, 用名词。,1. He must be 20 (mental) disabled. 解析：修饰分词形容词disabled，作状语，用副词形式，故填mentally。 2. His teacher

11、 took a deep drink, smiled 34 (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. 解析：修饰谓语动词smiled，作状语，用副词形式，故填warmly。,近年广东高考真题：,3. But Jane knew from past experience that her 36 _ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. 解析: 在that引导的宾语从句中作主语应当用名词, 或者说, 在形容词性物主代词后, 一定是用名词形式, 故填choi

12、ce。,4. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 _(nature) course. 解析：在名词course前作定语, 要用形容词, 故填natural。 5. We drank together and talked 38 _ (merry) till far into the night. 解析：修饰谓语动词talked, 作状语, 应用副词, 故填merrily。,1. I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time. _ (fortunate), I w

13、as held up by the heavy traffic jam. 2. Therefore, when they become older they are _ (able) to do any other kind of work.,一、单句填空,unable,unfortunately,3. Very early the next morning, amazingly, we got completely satisfied in a totally _(expect) way. 4. I wont do the purchase because the price of this

14、 dress is _(reason).,unreasonable,unexpected,5. Job _ (apply) need to show their ability to be both organized and flexible in taking on many tasks at the same time. 6. All facts are the source of _ (conclude).,conclusions,applicants,7. However, most _(science) agree that EQ has a lot to do with _ (e

15、ducate). 8. Excellent oral and written _ (communicate) skills in Chinese and English are of _ (important).,importance,scientists,education,communication,9. Fresh fruits and vegetables can provide much of our daily _ (require). 10. It is your _ (free) to do what you want after class.,freedom,requirement,Thank you!,