定语从句专题讲解精选PPT.ppt

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1、关于定语从句专题讲解关于定语从句专题讲解第1页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日Ilikequietmusic.Ilikemusicthatisquiet.定语从句定语从句1.什么是定语从句？什么是定语从句？2.什么是先行词？什么是先行词？3.什么是关系代词和关系副词？如何确定？什么是关系代词和关系副词？如何确定？4.如何把两个句子合并为一个定语从句？如何把两个句子合并为一个定语从句？第2页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日agirlwholikesred.IknowLearn to discover定语从句定语从句在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。定语从句。两

2、个句子两个句子两个词两个词主主句句从句从句？第3页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日1.Iknowagirl2.wholikesred.Jimreadsbooks whicharefun.主句主句从句从句完整的句子是主句完整的句子是主句不完整的句子是从句不完整的句子是从句第4页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日3.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?两个词两个词先行词先行词关系代词关系代词被定语从句修饰的词被定语从句修饰的词whowhichthat第5页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日在在复合句复合句中中修饰某一修饰某一名词名词或或代词代词的

3、从句叫的从句叫定语定语从句。从句。定语从句定语从句先行词：先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词后面。定语从句一般放在先行词后面。而汉语中的定而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前语则放在被修饰词之前 。关系词：关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为关系关系代词代词（that,which,who,whom,whose)和和关系关系副词副词（when,where,why)。关系代词在从关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，关系副词句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，关系副词在句中作状语。在句中

4、作状语。第6页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日Maryisabeautifulgirl.Maryisagirlwhoisbeautiful.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰girl,叫做叫做定语从句定语从句第7页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日I like music that/which I can dance to.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词定语从句定语从句I like the singer who is beautiful.I like the movie that is funny.I still remember the first time when I met h

5、er.第8页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日Learntothink关系代词关系代词先行词先行词决定决定先行词先行词关系代词关系代词人人物物人和物人和物whowhichthatthatthat第9页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日Maryisagirl.Maryhaslonghair.合并为一个句子合并为一个句子Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.第10页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日I have an apple.An apple is red.I have an applethat is red.修饰先行词修饰先行词 an apple 第11页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日I have

6、 some friends.Some friends like sports.I have some friendswho like sports.修饰先行词修饰先行词 friends 第12页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日Ilikethemovie.Themovieisexciting.Ilikethemoviethatisexciting.that修饰先行词修饰先行词movie第13页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Thewomanlivesnextdoor.who修饰先行词修饰先行词wo

7、man第14页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日Match the two sentences1.Im reading a book.The book is about Bill Gates._2.He is a teacher.The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man.He is smoking._4.Where is the picture?You bought it last week._ Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/

8、that teaches us Chinese.I dont like the man who is smoking.Where is the picture that you bought last week?第15页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日1.关系代词关系代词that,which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句:如果如果先行词先行词是表示物的是表示物的名词或代词名词或代词，关系代词，关系代词应用应用that、which.(作作主语主语或或宾语宾语)第16页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日Thisisadream.Thedreamwillnevercometrue.Thisisadreamwhi

9、ch/thatwillnevercometrue.Thedoghasbeenfound.Thedogwaslost.Thedogthat/whichwaslosthasbeenfound.Practise:1.Thisisthehouse.ThehouseisforsaleThisisthehousethat/whichisforsale.which/that作主语作主语.(不能省不能省)（作主语）（作主语）第17页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日which/that作宾语作宾语：（可省略）可省略）Thisisthecard.Ivejustreceivedthecard.Thisisthecard

10、which/thatIvejustreceived.Practise:1.Thisisthemistake.Ialwaysmakemistake.Thisisthemistakewhich/thatIalwaysmake2.Istillkeeptheletters.Shewrotetheletterstome .Istillkeeptheletterswhichshewrotetome.()（作宾语）（作宾语）()第18页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日2.关系代词关系代词who,that,whom引导的定语从句引导的定语从句:如果如果先行词先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系是表示人的名词或代词，关

11、系代词应用代词应用who,that(作作主语主语或或宾语宾语)whom(作作宾语宾语)第19页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日who/that作主语作主语.(不能省不能省)Thisisthefilmstar.ThefilmstarisverypopularinChina.ThisisthefilmstarwhoisverypopularinChina.(作主语作主语)1.TheboycalledRoy.Theboybrokethewindow.2.Theboywho/thatbrokethewindowiscalledRoy./thatPractise:第20页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日who/

12、whom/that作宾语：作宾语：(可省略可省略)Themanisafamouswriter.Hedescribedthemanjustnow.Theman(who/whom/that)hedescribedjustnowisafamouswriter.(作宾语）作宾语）1.Thethiefhasbeensenttoprison.Thepolicecaughtthethieflastnight.Thethief(who/that/whom)thepolicecaughtlastnighthasbeensenttoprison.Practise:第21页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日 定语从句的用

13、法定语从句的用法:当先行词是当先行词是物物时时,用用which或或that引导引导.Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.当先行词是当先行词是人人时时,用用who,whom,whose,that引导引导.第22页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日who,whom,whose,that用法区别用法区别.who作定语从句的作定语从句的主主语或语或宾宾语语.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解分解作主语作主语第23页，讲稿共

14、53张，创作于星期日Whom作定语从句的宾语作定语从句的宾语Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解分解作宾语作宾语第24页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日whose作定语从句的作定语从句的定定语语.Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirlsmotherisateacher.作定语作定语第25页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日that可以作定语从句的可以作定语从句的主主语和语和宾宾语语.注意注意

15、:关系代词作动词宾语时可关系代词作动词宾语时可 省略省略.Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.第26页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日小结：1).that 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。2).which指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.3).who指指人人，作主语，不能省略作主语，不能省略；作宾语，作宾语，可以省略可以省略,（常用（常用whom）注注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语定语从句从句的的谓语动词形式谓语动词形式由由先行词先行词定。定。第27页，讲稿共53张，创作

16、于星期日有时有时只能用只能用that,不不用用which,常见的情况有六种：常见的情况有六种：1.当先行词是当先行词是all,any,few,little,none,anything,2.everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,3.everyone,noone或或被它们修饰被它们修饰时。时。1).ThatsallthatIknow.2).IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?3).Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.第28页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日2).Thefirstthingtha

17、tIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.3.当先行词有当先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame等修饰等修饰时。时。1).ThatstheonlythingthatIcandonow.2).Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时1).ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.第29页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日5.先行词同时包括先行词同时包括人或物人或物时，关系词时，关系词用用that.Themanandhisd

18、ogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepenthatyoulost?4.当主句以当主句以who或或which开头时，定语从句开头时，定语从句的关系词的关系词用用that,而而不用不用which或或who.第30页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日关系代词只用关系代词只用which不用不用that情况情况1.关系代词前有介词。关系代词前有介词。2.先行词本身是先行词本身是that.第31页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日whose作作定语定语,表示所属关系。表示所属关系。Thebo

19、yismyclassmate.Theboysfatherisapoliceman.Theboywhosefatherisapolicemanismyclassmate.第32页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日【巧学妙巧学妙记记】定定语语从句的用法从句的用法主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。从句从句紧紧跟先行跟先行词词，关系，关系词词引引导导要弄清。要弄清。定人要用定人要用who或或whom，定物，定物which当先用。当先用。关系代关系代词词用用that，定人定物有本，定人定物有本领领。when用来定用来定时间时间，where用来定地点。用来定地点。关系代关系代词词作

20、成分，唯作作成分，唯作宾语宾语可省略。可省略。第33页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日Exercise1:用关系代词填空用关系代词填空1.The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.2.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.3.I hate people _ talk much but do little.4.The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich

21、/that第34页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日5.The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6.Is there a student _ father is a business man?7.This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhichthat当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.第35页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日

22、Exercise 2.1.My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember.2.Say all _ you know.3.Is there anything _ I can do for you?thatthatthat当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.第36页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came h

23、ere.5.This is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7.Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.当主句是who或或which引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthat第37页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日先行词先行词1.Iknowagirlwho_(like)red.先行词先行词2.Ji

24、mreadsbookswhich_(be)fun.先行词先行词3.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthatthey_(be)talkingabout?先行词先行词决定决定关系代词关系代词从句中的谓语动词形式从句中的谓语动词形式likes areare第38页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致Themp4that_beengiventomeishome-made.(have)I,who_yourclassmate,willsharetheworkwithyou.(be)关系代词做从句的主语时，关系代词做从句的主语时，从句从句的的谓语谓语动

25、词动词的人称和数要与先行词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致保持一致，先行词是句，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词使用单数形式。子时，从句的谓语动词使用单数形式。hashasamam第39页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日Learntopractice1.Tomisoneoftheboysthat_(be)fromtheUSA.2.Tomistheonlyboythat_(be)fromtheUSA.areis第40页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日【注意注意】Heisoneofthestudentswho_madegreatprogress.MrWangistheonlyoneofmyfriendswho_

26、beeninvitedtohavedinnerwithus.(have)oneof+复数名词作先行词时，从句的谓语复数名词作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用动词用复数复数形式。但若形式。但若one前有前有the（only）the（just）the（very）修饰时，从句修饰时，从句的谓语动词用的谓语动词用单数单数形式形式havehavehashas第41页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日1.Ihaveafriend_likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/that3.Theman_legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.Yeste

27、rdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_Igaveher.which/thatwhose第42页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日4.Myparentsliveinahouse_ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook_istoodifficultforhim.which/that第43页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日7.Isthereanything_youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All_wecandoistostudy

28、hard.9.Thefirstone_standsupisalittleboy.thatthatthat第44页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日1.Ihaveafriend_likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.Theman_legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_Igaveher.第45页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日4.Myparentsliveinahouse_ismorethan100yearsold.5

29、.Theboywith_Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook_istoodifficultforhim.which/that第46页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日7.Isthereanything_youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All_wecandoistostudyhard.9.Thefirstone_standsupisalittleboy.thatthatthat第47页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日10.Theperson_youshouldwritetoisMrBall.11.Theteache

30、rfrom_IlearntmostwasMrsZhu.12.Therunner_youareaskingaboutisoverthere.13.Thegirl_youarelookingforisintheclassroom.14.Themeeting_weshalltakepartinwillbeheldinahotel.15.Thefactory_Iworkedinforovertwoyearshasbeenclosed.16.Theairport_is30kilometresawayistheonlyoneinthecity17.Theperson_wontheracewasawoman

31、fromSichuan.whowhomwho/whomwho/whomthatwhichthatwho第48页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日Match the two sentences1.Im reading a book.The book is about Bill Gates._2.He is a teacher.The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man.He is smoking._4.Where is the picture?You bought it last week._ Im reading a book tha

32、t/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/that teaches us Chinese.I dont like the man who is smoking.Where is the picture that you bought last week?第49页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboyslife.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.Themanwhoisrunningismyuncle.第50页，讲稿

33、共53张，创作于星期日3.我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.IlikethemusicthatIcansingalongwith.4.住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.第51页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日Learntomakeasummary定语定语从句从句1.两个句两个句子子3.先行作出两决定先行作出两决定4.两类只用莫相忘两类只用莫相忘关系代词关系代词从句谓语动词形式从句谓语动词形式1.只用只用that不用不用which（5）2.只用只用which不用不用that（2）主句主句从句从句2.两个词两个词先行词先行词关系代词关系代词第52页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日2022/9/15感感谢谢大大家家观观看看第53页，讲稿共53张，创作于星期日