2022年高中英语代词讲解 .pdf
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1、1 高中英语 代词用法小结代词可以分为下列九类:1 人称代词 2 物主代词 3 自身代词 4.相互代词 5.指示代词)6.疑问代词 7.关系代词 8.连接代词 9 不定代词一、人称代词 英语中主要有以下这些人称代词:数格人称单数复数一二三一二三主格I you he,she,it we you they 宾格me you him,her,it us you them 人称代词做主语时用主格,做宾语时用宾格。在作表语时,用宾格较多,例如:Who is knocking at the door?-It s me.但在强调结构中却常用主格:It was he who did it.It is she
2、who wants this clothes.在使用人称代词时有下面几点值得注意:1)she可以用来代表国家,船只,大地,月亮等。e.g.I think England will do what she promised to do.2)在并列的主语中,I 总放在最后。e.g.Mary and I will be in charge of the case.3)第三人称,男女两性并用时,男先女后。He and she still don t agree to the plan.二、物主代词英语中主要有下列这些物主代词:类型词义我的你的他(她,它)的我们的你 们的他们的形容词性物主代词my yo
3、ur His,her,its our your their 名词性物主代词mine yours His,hers,its ours yours theirs 1.形容词性的物主代词只能作定语,如my brother 名词性的物主代词可以作:1)表语 Whose dictionary is this?-it s mine.2)主语Ours is a big family.3)宾语 Let s clean their room first and ours later.2.“of+名词性物主代词”可用作定语That car of hers is always breaking down.=Her
4、car is .三、自(反)身代词单数myself yourself himself herself Itself 复数ourselves yourselves themselves 1这些词可用来:1)作宾语 I can t express myself in English.2)作表语 I am not quite myself these days.我近来身体不大舒服。3)作主语或宾语的同位语The theory itself is all right.在作同位语时,自身代词常译作“本人”或“亲自”They must make investigation themselves.他们必须亲
5、自作调查。与 by oneself 较难区分By oneself 译为“一个人干(不要别人帮助)”They made the machine all by themselves.这机器完全是他们自己制造的。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页,共 6 页 -2 2自身代词常和某些动词连用Enjoy oneself,behave oneself(使自己举止良好),help yourself to sth.请随便吃点。Come to oneself 苏醒3常与某些介词连用By oneself 一个人做(不要别人帮助)For oneself 替自己,自己He has a righ
6、t to decide for himself.他有权自己决定。In oneself 本身This is not a bad idea in itself.这主意本身并不错。To oneself 供自己用She had a room to herself.她自己住一间房。注意:反身代词不能单独作主语;也不能作定语eg:himself room()his own room()四、相互代词One another 与 each other由于表示相互关系,称为相互代词,两者的用法是差不多的。We can help one another(each other).We are eager to lea
7、rn from each other.我们都急欲向彼此学习。五、指示代词有 this,that,these,those.注意:1 前面刚提到的东西,英语中常用that(或 those)表示,而汉语中却常用“这”表示。e.g.We have no time to do it.That s our trouble.我们没有时间做这事。这就是我们的问题。2.指下面要谈到的事物时,常用this,例如I want to know this:has John been here?3 those 在下面的这种类型的句子里常出现,表示人们或东西(后面多有一定定语修饰)Those who wish to go
8、to the concert may sign up here.He was among those who attended it.他是到会人之一。六、疑问代词有 who,whom,whose,what,which都是来构成特殊问句的。Who 通常做主语和表语,whom做宾语。1.what,who 一般来说,what 问的是职业或地位,who 问的是姓名。-What was her husband?-He was a lawyer.比较-Who was her husband?-He was John Smith,the son of a famous writer.2.which,what
9、 Which 用于已知情况的选择,其后可以跟of,而 what 用于未知情况的疑问,其后不能跟of.What fruit do you like best?Which do you like better,oranges or apples?3.在以这类代词做主语时,后面的动词可以用复数形式,也可以用单数形式,要看所代表的人或物是复数还是单数来决定。e.g.Who live(s)in this room?如果不清楚代表的东西是复数还是单数,则动词多用单数形式。-What s there on the desk?-There re some books on it.七、关系代词:关系代词有who
10、,whom,whose,that,which,是用来引起定语从句的。它一面名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页,共 6 页 -3 代表定语从句所修饰的那个名词(或代词),一面又在从句内担任一个成分。The worker who invented the machine is now studying at Qinghua University.Who 指这个工人,在从句中做主语。He is no longer the man that he was.That 指这个 man,在从句中做表语。1.Who,whom。Who,whom 代表人,在从句中做主语时用who,做宾语时用
11、whom.The girl who spoke is my best friend.I want to find someone with whom I can discuss such things.2.whose。代表“某个人的”,在从句中做定语。Do you know anyone whose family is in Xi an?3.which 代表事物,在从句中可以用作主语和宾语。He told a story which moved us deeply.4 that 代表事物的时候更多些,也可代表人,在从句中做主语,宾语,表语。需要注意以下几点:1 在先行词是anything,al
12、l,much 等词的句子中,多用that,不要用 which.I never took anything that didn t belong to me.2.定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种,在限制性定语从句中,如果前面紧挨着介词,则不能用 that.He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn.3.在非限制性定从中,不能用that,只能用 who,whom 代表人,用which 代表物。My sister,who is a nurse,came home for a few days.在这种从句中,which 有时可代表前面说的整个情况或主句
13、的某一部分,而不只代表一个词。He failed his exam,which proves that he wasnt working hard enough.八、连接代词:疑问代词都可以用作连接代词,来引起主语从句,宾语从句和表语从句。e.g.It is not decided who will hold the meeting?Do you know whose pen it is?The question is whom I should trust.1 代词 what 有时可以用来表示the thing which 这种意思。What(the thing which)she lack
14、s is experience.We should never pretend to know what we don t know.(这里常出现that 这个迷惑项。)2 who(m),which,what可以和 ever 构成合成词,和前面所提到的疑问代词一样,引导主从或宾从。(也就是whatever,whichever,whoever 的用法)Whatever he did was right.Whoever makes mistakes must correct them.九、不定代词:英语中有下面这些不定代词:all,each,every,both,either,neither,on
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