04 阅读理解之说明文-冲刺2022年中考英语最新名校好题集锦（广东专用）（解析版）.docx

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1、2022届名校最新素材各地模拟试题好题集锦（广东专用） 04阅读理解之说明文（2022.广东.深圳市高级中学二模）Three Chinese astronauts from the Shenzhou-13 manned spaceship returned to the Earth after completing their six-month mission. One of their major goals was to prepare the station for future groups of taikonauts （中国航天员） who will complete theass

2、emblyof the space station.Thanks to a new quick return procedure carried out for the first time, Shenzhou-13 9s return trip lasted about nine hours rather than the 24-hour trip for Shenzhou-12, with the return capsule only circling the Earth five times before entering its final return orbit instead

3、of 11 times as in past missions.The Shenzhou-13 crew was responsible for taking out some of the science instruments to be used for experiments on the station. They also performed two spacewalks, conducted more than 20 different science experiments in addition to delivering two live educational lectu

4、res.Taikonaut Wang Yaping, who gave the first public class from the Tiangong-1 space station, gave two such classes on this trip to Tiangong-2, which were viewed by millions of school children in China.In addition, the taikonauts were sent questions from 20 schools in 13 U.S. states by American scho

5、ol children. The pre-recorded questions and responses were shared with students, parents and teachers at a “My Questions to Taikonauts event on April 9 sponsored by the Chinese Embassy in Washington, D. C.This was the first six-month mission, which will give those on the ground the opportunity to st

6、udy the effects of the longer duration mission on the taikonauts, especially on the ageing process. The six-month stay will be common for astronauts in the future.Visiting the Wenchang Space Launch Center on April 15, Chinese President Xi Jinping said that the facility serves Chinas new-generation,

7、heavy-lift carrier （运载）rockets and plays a significant role in the countrys deep-space exploration. The Chinese President called for efforts to achieve world-leading standards fbr Chinas spacecraft launch facilities.1. What does the underlined word assembly probably mean?A. Building.B. Discovery.C.

8、Invention.D. Imagination.2. What is the improvement of Shenzhou-139s return trip before entering its final return orbit?A. It lasted about nine hours with the return capsule circling the Earth eleven timesIt lasted about 24 hours with the return capsule circling the Earth eleven times.A. Many people

9、 like to order takeouts nowadays.B. Only the Emperor could order takeouts in ancient times.C. People can see a takeout worker in Along the River During the Qingming Festival.D. People used special wooden boxes for takeout dishes in ancient China.25 . Which can be the best title for this passage?A. T

10、akeout in Ancient ChinaB. The emperor who liked takeoutsC. The popularity of takeout in modern China D. The way to order takeouts in ancient China 【答案】21. CA22. DB23. A【解析】本文主要介绍了中国古代的外卖。21 . 词句猜想题。根据“If people dont want to eat out, they can just order takeouts on the smart phone and wait for it to

11、be delivered （送达”可知，如果人们不想出去吃饭，他们可以通过智能手机订购外卖， 然后等待外卖送达。it指代takeout”外卖L应选C。22 .细节理解题。根据According to history books, Emperor Xiaozong （1127-1194） liked to order takeouts late at night.”可知，外卖在中国已有900多年的历史。应选A。23 .词句猜想题。根据Restaurant waiters would go out into the streets and yell out which dishes could b

12、e ordered that day. After hearing the waiters, people could then place an order.”可知, 餐馆月艮务员会走上彳苴 头，大声喊出当天可以点什么菜。在听到服务员的声音后，人们可以下订单。yell与shout同义，表 示“叫喊”。应选D。24 .细节理解题。根据“Ordinary （普通的）people also ordered takeouts.”可知，普通人也点外卖，B选 项表述错误。应选B。25 .最正确标题题。根据“What about people living in ancient times? Did th

13、ey eat takeouts?”及全文可知, 本文主要介绍了中国古代的外卖。故A选项“中国古代的外卖”符合题意。应选A。（2022广东河源一模）It is calculated that by the year 2230, the entire population of the USA will be dangerously overweight.Nine years ago only one in eight was obese （月巴胖）.Nowadays in five Americans one is obese and the number continues to rise.

14、One of the problems is the big amounts of what they eat. The drink and food portions （分量）are so large in America that a new vocabulary has appeared on the menus to fit the portions. Food sizes no longer stop at large, but run through jumbo, supreme, monster and super size.Everybody is not only eatin

15、g more, but also consuming more and more junk food. And everybody knows what food like this can do to their weight and health. Americans eat about 20 teaspoons of sugar a day, twice the suggested safe amount and 25 percent more than 10 years ago.Besides, most of the Americans sit at a desk all day,

16、go past a drive-through restaurant, head home, open the garage door and head for the armchair, television with voice control and mobile phone resting on the arms. Everything is electric, and everything has been motorized or electrified.The growth of obesity among children is also worrying American h

17、ealth experts. Children are spending long hours sitting, watching TV, surfing the Internet or playing computer games. As a result, 12 percent of teenagers are overweight.The Center for Disease Control has already warned the nation about an epidemic （泛滥）of obesity, but it is hard for people to give u

18、p their eating habits even if they know about the health risks they run.24. The numbers mentioned in Paragraph 1 is.A. to warn Americans about the danger of obesityto show the improvement of living standards in AmericaB. to show the sharp increase in obese population of the USAto compare the growth

19、of obesity between America and China25. The underlined word consuming“ means A. eatingB. sellingC. throwingD. preparing26. What can you indicate （推断）from Paragraph 4?A. Some of the children in America dont have healthy habits.B Most of the Americans are too lazy to do things themselves.C. Americans

20、are becoming lazy because everything is motorized or electrified.D. Only 12 percent of teenagers are overweight so theres nothing to worry about.27. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. A new vocabulary has appeared on the menus to fit the larger portion.B , The development of science an

21、d technology has freed peoples hands.C. Americans go to drive-through restaurants because they dont have time to make dinner.D. People know what their eating habits will do lo their health but they cant give them up.28. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. The growth of obesit

22、y among AmericansB. Unhealthy eating habitsC. More food, more obesityD. Health risks of obesity【答案】C26. AA27. CA【解析】本文介绍了美国人过于肥胖的现状，并介绍了原因。26 .推理判断题。根据It is calculated that by the year 2230, the entire population of the USA will be dangerously overweight. Nine years ago only one in eight was obese （

23、月巴月半）.Nowadays in five Americans one is obese and the number continues to rise.”可知第一段主要介绍了美国肥胖人口的增长。应选Co. 词义推断题。根据“Everybody is not only eating more, but also consuming more and more junk fbod., 可知美国人不止多吃了，而且也吃更多的垃圾食品。应选A。27 .推理判断题。根据Children are spending long hours sitting, watching TV, surfing the

24、 Internet or playing computer games可知一些美国孩子长时间坐着，看电视，上网或者打游戏，这些是造成肥胖 的坏习惯。应选A。28 .推理判断题。根据Everything is electric, and everything has been motorized or electrified.”可知很 多东西都是电动和自动的，所以很多事都不用自己做，但是并没有介绍他们去免下车餐馆是因为没 时间做饭。应选C。29 .最正确标题。根据“It is calculated that by the year 2230, the entire population of t

25、he USA will be dangerously overweight.”可知本文主要介绍了美国肥胖人口的上升，因此A选项符合。应选A。（2022.广东.深圳市高级中学二模）While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifers Los Angeles apartment, the mon

26、itor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked-remotely-to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was: Did s

27、he enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to o

28、nline education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid-that students haven91 just searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concer

29、n over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of “open online courses/9 Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee hone

30、sty at a distance. Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check students9 identities using personal information, such as the telephone number they once used.Other programs can produce unique exam by drawing on a

31、 large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test question are answered at the same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating. 31. Why was Jennifer watched in an online

32、 exam?A. To correct her typing mistakes.B. To find her secrets in the room.C. To prevent her from slowing down.D. To keep her from dishonest behaviors.32. The underlined expression cutting edge in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to.A. advanced technique B. sharpening tool C. effective rule D. divi

33、ding lineFor Internet universities, exams and diplomas will be valid if.A.they can attract potential studentsB.they can defeat academic cheatingC.they offer students online helpD.they offer many online courses33. Some programs can find out possible cheaters by.A.checking the question answering speed

34、B.producing a large number of questionC.scanning the Internet test questionD.giving difficult test question34. . Which of the following is the best title of this passage?A. The Advantages of Online ExamsB . The High-tech Methods in Online CoursesC. The Fight against Cheating in Online EducationThe W

35、ar against the Booming of Online Education【答案】D31. AB32. AC【解析】本文主要讲述了当今网络课程的流行，如何去处理网络课程中的作弊问题，网络教育文凭 的可信度与考试防作弊程序的有效性密切相关，核实考生个人信息的程序以及监控分析考生答题速 度的程序都可以遏制网络考试中出现的作弊现象。31. 推理判断题。根据“her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was: Did she enter her student number at the same

36、speed as she had in the past”可知监控 Jennifer 原因是为 了确保她不 作弊，应选D。32. 词义猜想题。cutting edge与key是并列关系，同时二者都可以做到鼓励老实行为，前面this所 代指的为上文中提到的防作弊科学技术，由此可知cutting edge应该为advanced technique,应选Ao 33. 细节理解题。 根据“Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and

37、diplomas are valid-that students havent just searched the Internet to get the right answers”可知，对于网络大学来说，如果他们能打败学术作弊，考试和文凭将是有效的，应选B。34. 细节理解题 o 根据“Other programs can produce unique exam by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test que

38、stion are answered at the same speed as easy ones”可知通过分析答题速度可推断出是否在作弊，应选A。35. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讨论网络课程的防作弊问题，应选C。（2022.广东.深圳市高级中学二模）Societies all over the world name places in similar ways. Quite often there is no official naming ceremony but places tend to be called names as points of reference （参考）

39、by people. Then an organized body steps in and gives the place a name. Often it happens that a place has two names: One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits died hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning i

40、s lost.Many roads and places in Singapore are named in order that the pioneers will be remembered by future generations. Thus we have names such as Stamford Road and Raffles Place. This is in keeping with traditions in many countries-in both the West and the East.Another way of naming places is nami

41、ng them after other places. Perhaps they were named to promote friendships between the two places or it could be that the people who used to live there were at first from the places that the roads were named after. The mystery is clearer when we see some of the roads named after former British milit

42、ary bases （军事基地）. If you step into Selector Airbase you will see Piccadilly Circus-obviously named by some homesick Royal Air Force personnel （人员）.Some places were named after the activities that used to go on at those places. Bras Basah Road is an interesting example, Base Basah, means wet rice“ in

43、 Malay （马来语）.Now why would anyone want to name a road Wet Rice Road? The reason is simple. During the pioneering days, wet rice was laid out to dry along this road.A few roads in Singapore are named by their shapes. There is Circular Road“ fbr one. Other roads may have part of their names to describ

44、e their shapes, like Paya Lebar Crescent. This road is called a crescent （月 牙）because it begins on the main road, makes a crescent and comes back to join the main road again.36. We learn from Paragraph 1 that.A. many places tend to have more than one namethe government is usually the first to name a

45、 placeB. a ceremony will be held when a place is namedpeople prefer the place names given by the government37. What does the underlined phrase “die hard“ in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Change suddenly. B. Change greatly. C. Disappear very slowly. D. Disappear secretly.38. Which of the following pla

46、ces is named after a person?A.Rafles Place.B.Selector Airbase.C. Piccadilly Circus.D.Paya Lebar Crescent.39. Bras Basah Road is named.A.after a personB.after a placeC. by its shapeD.after an activityWhat can be inferred from the passage?A. The way Singaporeans name their places is unique.B , Young S

47、ingaporeans have forgotten the pioneers.C. Some place names in Singapore are the same as in Britain.D. Some places in Singapore are named for military purposes.【答案】A36. CA37. DC【解析】本文主要通过新加坡地方命名的方式，阐述了全世界的地方命名的方式很相似。36. 细节理解题。根据Often it happens that a place has two names: One is named by the people

48、and the other by the government.”可知，一个地方通常有两个名字，应选A。37. 词句猜想题。根据“As in many areas, old habits died hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost.”可知，在许多地区一样，旧习惯很难改掉，这个地方在 其非正式名称的含义消失很久之后，仍然继续被称为它的非正式名称，因此“die hard”意为Disappear very slowly/9,应选 Co细节理解

49、题。根据Many roads and places in Singapore are named in order that the pioneers will be remembered by future generations. Thus we have names such as Stamford Road and Raffles Place.“可知, Raffles Place是以人名命名的，应选A。38. 细节理解题。根据Some places were named after the activities that used to go on at those places. Bras Basah Road is an interesting example”可知