2022届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三教学情况调研（二）英语试卷（含答案解析）.docx

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1、2022届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三教学情况调研（二）英语试卷学校:姓名：班级：考号： 一、阅读理解Located three hours, drive north west of the capital, San Jose, the town of La Fortuna offers a springboard (跳板)to explore the landscape around the inactive Arenal Volcano. The smoke may have stopped a decade ago, but the volcanic energy still inspires

2、 adventure here. HIKING IN ARENAL NATIONAL PARKThere are dozens of trails in the region but hiking Arenal National Park on the lake side of the volcano offers the chance to lose oneself in nature. There are newly improved steps leading to viewing platforms of the volcano. Out on the trail there are

3、scores of bird species to spot. Guided tour and hot-spring visit with Anywhere from $131 (97). anywhere WHITE WATER RAFTINGAs well as its volcanic centrepiece, the remarkable topography (地形)of the Arenal region offers ideal conditions for white water rafting. A number of tours are bookable in La For

4、tuna, the most adventurous of which takes you to nine-mile sections of the Balsa River, where youll battle Class IV rapids (急流). Tours from $68 (50). arenalrafting LA FORTUNA WATERFALLThe steep hike down to the base of La Fortuna Waterfall will inspire a sense of foreboding in some travelers. The go

5、od news is that the sweaty trip offers a 230ft waterfall 一 one of the most beautiful in the country - as a reward. Ifs so picture-perfect that locals are often spotted in or around the plunge pool posing for wedding photos. Entry $18 (13). cataratalcifortuna. com HANGING BRIDGES OF MISTICO PARKThis

6、cleverly designed forest walk uses a combination of six suspension bridges and hairpin bends to offer continuous surprises and great access to jungle wildlife, including toucans and hummingbirds (蜂鸟).When you cross the bridges, looking out rather than down is rarely more rewarding - the park has gre

7、at views of waterfalls, canyons and the Arenal Volcano. Head out to explore alone or book onto a natural history or nighttime tour. Entry from $26 (19). misticopark 1. Who is the text intended for?B , Travel lovers.A. Bird keepers.Ten minutes later; I ultimately succeeded.参考答案：1. BC2. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇

8、应用文。文章主要介绍了可以到阿雷纳火山周围景观一些探险活动，包括旅行 的景点、网站和票价等。1. 推理判断题。根据第一段Located three hours9 drive north west of the capital, San Jose, the town of La Fortuna offers a springboard （跳板）to explore the landscape around the inactive Arenal Volcano. The smoke may have stopped a decade ago, but the volcanic energy st

9、ill inspires adventure here.（从首都圣何塞向西北方向行驶了三个小时，拉福图纳小镇提供了一个跳板来 探索这座不活跃的阿勒纳火山周围的景观。烟雾可能在十年前就消失了，但火山的能量仍 然激励着人们在这里冒险）”可推断，这篇文章是写给旅游爱好者的。应选B。2. 细节理解题。根据第一段Located three hours9 drive north west of the capital, San Jose, the town of La Fortuna offers a springboard to explore the landscape around the inac

10、tive Arenal Volcano.（从首都圣何塞向西北方向行驶了三个小时，拉福图纳小镇提供了一个跳板来探索 这座不活跃的阿勒纳火山周围的景观。烟雾可能在十年前就消失了，但火山的能量仍然激 励着人们在这里冒险厂可知，因为靠近火山景观，所以使拉福图纳镇很特别。应选C。3. 细节理解题。根据LA FORTUNA WATERFALL中的“Entry$18 （13）.（入场费18美元（13 英镑）户可知，如果你只想花不到20美元，你可以去拉福图纳瀑布。应选C。4. CC5. DB【解析】【导语】答案第1页，共14页这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了“认知灵活性”的重要性，认知灵活的人的特点以及如何 才

11、能最好地提高人们的认知灵活性的研究。4. 细节理解题。根据第二段中Currently, a group of researchers from Cambridge University are conducting a research, trying to work out how people can best boost their cognitive flexibility.（目 前，来自剑桥大学的一组研究人员正在进行一项研究，试图找出如何才能最好地提高人们 的认知灵活性广可知，剑桥大学研究人员进行这项研究的目的是探索提高人们认知灵活性 的有效途径。应选C。5. 推理判断题。根据第二段

12、中“Cognitive flexibility is a skill that enables us to switch between different concepts, or to adapt behavior to achieve goals in a novel or changing environment.（认知 灵活性是一种技能，使我们能够在不同的概念之间切换，或在一个新的或不断变化的环境 中调整行为以实现目标）”以及第三段中“Cognitive flexibility may have affected how people coped with the pandemic

13、lockdowns, which produced new challenges around work and schooling. Some people may have changed their routines from time to time, trying to find better and more varied ways of going about their day.（认知灵活性可能影响了人们应对大流行封锁的方式，这 在工作和上学方面产生了新的挑战。有些人可能会不时地改变他们的日常生活，试图找到 更好、更多样化的方式来度过他们的一天）”可推知，在应对新挑战时，认知灵

14、活的人可能 会调整他们的想法和行为。应选C。6. 细节理解题。根据第一段But the truth is that some of the greatest achievements by our species have primarily relied on what scientists call cognitive flexibility”.（但事实是,人类取得的一些 最伟大的成就主要依赖于科学家所说的“认知灵活性可知，认知灵活性帮助人们取得更 大的成就。应选D。7. 主旨大意题。根据倒数第三段“So does cognitive flexibility make people sma

15、rter in a way that isnt always captured on IQ tests? We know that it leads to better rational thinking throughout the lifespan. For example, for children it leads to better reading abilities and better school performance.（那么，认知灵活性是否能让人更聪明，而智商测试并不总是能表达这一点 呢？我们知道它会让人在一生中更理性地思考。例如，对孩子们来说，它会带来更好的阅 答案第2页

16、，共14页读能力和更好的学校表现）”；倒数第二段“It can also help protect against a number of prejudice. People who are cognitively flexible are better at recognizing potential faults in themselves and using strategies to overcome these faults.（它还可以帮助抵御一些偏见。认知灵 活的人更善于识别自己潜在的错误，并使用策略来克服这些错误厂以及最后一段“Cognitive flexibility is e

17、ssential for society to flourish. It can help maximize the potential of individuals to create innovative ideas and creative inventions. Ultimately, it is such qualities that we need to solve the big challenges of today.（认知的灵活性对于社会的繁荣至关重要。它可以帮助最大 限度地发挥个人创造创新想法和创造性创造的潜力。最终，我们需要这些品质来解决今天 的重大挑战）”可知，最后三段

18、主要讲了认知灵活性的好处。应选B。8. BA9. DC【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者对于产品标签的看法及如何鉴别产品。8. 推理判断题。根据第一段More than a decade ago, the UKs Royal Society offered fl million to the first person in the world to create a chemical-free product. No one has yet claimed the money because it is impossible. Water is a chemical. So i

19、s your tea. Yet there is still so much confusion about everyday products, from cleaning sprays to cosmetics. While some are labeled as chemical free, others declare they are non-poisonous, natural and eco-friendly.（十多年前，英国皇家学会 向世界上第一个创造无化学物质产品的人提供了 100万英镑。目前还没有人认领这笔钱， 因为这是不可能的。水是一种化学物质。你的茶也是。然而，从清洁喷

20、雾剂到化妆品，人 们对日常用品仍有很多困惑。虽然有些产品被贴上了不含化学物质的标签，但也有一些宣 称它们无毒、天然、环保厂可推知，作者提到英国皇家学会是为了引出一个话题。应选 Bo9. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Your handbag may not be dangerous, but direct exposure to the chromium salts used in commercial leather factories can cause uncomfortable conditions in people答案第3页，共14页 involved in its productio

21、n你的手提包可能不会有危险，但直接接触商业皮革工厂使用的铭 盐会使参与生产的人感到不适广可推知，作者通过提到“手提包”想要表达的信息是生产过 程可能对生产者有害。应选A。10. 细节理解题。根据第三段中Even the term “sustainable” has no official definition, so fbr green credentials look for proof of claims in the form of certificates, such as Cradle to Cradle, which ensures the chemicals used are s

22、afe for people and the environment, and that they get reused in the production process.（甚至“可持续”这个词也没有正式的定义，所以绿色证书需要以证书的形 式提供证明，比方“Cradle to Cradle”，确保所使用的化学品对人和环境都是平安的，并在生 产过程中得到重复利用）“可知，人们通过检查授权证书对标签做出正确的判断。应选D。11. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Also be skeptical about labels focusing on what a product doesnt contai

23、n, such as “paraben-firee or “no harmful substances”. Real transparency is about making clear the things that are used to make products, not taking our attention away from them.（也要对标签上强调的产品不含的东西持怀疑态度，比方“不含苯甲酸酯或不含有害 物质:真正的透明度是要明确用来制造产品的东西，而不是转移我们的注意力广可推知， 作者对产品标签持谨慎态度。应选C。12. CD13. AD【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文

24、。文章主要介绍了中国传统艺术所表达的特色主题和象征意义。12.词句猜想题。根据划线词前半句Human relationships have always been of great importance in China, and a common theme of figure painting（人际关系在中国一直是非常重要的，人物画的 一个共同主题）”可知，人物画的一个共同主题是士大夫喜欢呆在一起，或者是令人沮丧的 离别和难得的团聚。代词that指代前文中的“theme（主题广。应选C。13.答案第4页，共14页 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段No theme would be accept

25、ed in traditional Chinese art that was not inspiring, noble, or refreshing to the spirit.（在中国传统艺术中，没有一种主题不令人 振奋，不高贵，不令人精神振奋。广可知，积极和鼓舞人心是中国传统艺术的典型主题。 应选Do推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Bamboo suggests the spirit of the person, which can be bent by circumstance but never broken. The dragon is the wholly kind-hearted

26、symbol of the emperor; the crane （鹤）symbolizes long life; and paired mandarin ducks symbolize wedded loyalty. Popular among the many symbols drawn from the plant world are the orchid （兰花），a symbol of purity; the plum blossom （梅花）,which comes out even in the snow and stands for uncontrollable purity,

27、 in either a revolutionary political or a spiritual sense; and the pine tree, which may represent either survival in a fierce political environment or the unconquerable spirit of old age.（竹子象征着人的 精神，可以被环境所弯曲，但绝不能折断。龙是完全善良的皇帝的象征；鹤象征长寿；配 对的鸳鸯象征着婚姻的忠诚。从植物世界中提取的许多符号中流行的是兰花，象征纯洁； 梅花，即使在雪地里也开放，无论是在革命的政治意义

28、上还是在精神意义上，都代表着不 可控制的纯洁；还有松树，它可能代表着在激烈的政治环境中生存，也可能代表着老年时 不可征服的精神。广可推断，最后一段作者通过举例来介绍中国传统艺术的。故A。14. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“In the broadest sense, therefore, all traditional Chinese art is symbolic, for everything that is painted reflects some aspect of what the painter is aware of.（因 此，从最广泛的意义上说，所有的中国传统艺术都是象征性

29、的，因为所画的一切都反映了 画家所知的某些方面。广及全文可知，文章主要介绍了中国传统艺术所表达的特色主题和 象征意义。所以“Characteristic Themes and Symbols of Traditional Chinese Art（中国传统艺术 的特色主题和象征）”作为文章标题最为合适。应选D。15. GC16. BF17. D【解析】答案第5页，共14页【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究说明，与单打独斗工作相比，个人在集体工作时的工作效率会提 高。员工必需在工作场所和睦相处，以营造健康的气氛。文章主要讲述了改善工作场所的 人际关系的几种方法。16. 空格前说“An individu

30、al spends around seven to eight hours at his workplace and it is practically not possible for him to work all alone.”（一个人在他的工作场所工作七到八个小时，他不可能 单独工作 o ）, 空格后说“Research says productivity increases when individuals work in groups as compared to an individual working alone.”（研究说明，与单打独斗工作相比，个人集体工作 时的工作效率会

31、提高。员工必需在工作场所和睦相处，以营造健康的气氛。）可知空格处应 该说他需要在工作场所和人进行交谈和沟通，G项“He needs people to talk to and discuss various issues at the workplace.（他需要在工作场所与人交谈并讨论各种问题。）,选项中的 “He”指代上文的“An individual”。能够承上启下，符合语境。应选G.17. 空格前说“Let us go through various ways of improving interpersonal relationships at workplace.”（让我们来看看改

32、善工作场所人际关系的各种方法。）空格后说“Discussions must be on an open platform where every individual has the liberty to express his/her views and opinions（讨论必须在一个开放的平台上进行，每个人都有表达自己的观点和意见的自 由。）可知空格处应该说在工作场所应和和同事之间进行互动。C项的“Interact with your co- workers more often.”（多和同事交流。）能够承上启下，符合语境。应选C。18. 空格前说“Team leaders should

33、 conduct morning meetings with their team members.”（团队领导 者应该与他们的团队进行早会。），空格后说“The employees should be allowed to bring their coffee. Let them communicate with each other.（应该允许员工自带咖啡。让他们互相交 流。）o可知空格处应该说团队领导对员工们出席早会的表现不应该太正式。B项“Donot make the meetings too formal.”（会议不要太正式。）承上启下，符合语境。应选B。19. 空格后说“Let t

34、he employees bring their families as well. Ask your team members to exchange contact numbers among themselves fbr them to interact with each other even after work.”（让员工 也带着他们的家人吧。让你的团队成员之间交流 ，让他们在工作后相互交流。）可知空 答案第6页，共14页格处应该说带你的团队出去吃餐，野餐或偶尔聚餐。而且下文的“as well”是关键词，与空格 处是递进关系 o F 选项“Take your team out fb

35、r lunch, picnics or get together once in a while”（带 你的团队出去吃午餐，野餐或偶尔聚在一起。）符合语境，与空格处是递进关系。应选F。20. 空格前说“Greet your colleagues on their birthdays or anniversaries.（在同事的生日或周年纪念 日时问候他们 o ），空格后说“Such small initiatives （提议）go a long way in strengthening the bond among fellow workers.（这样的小型提议在加强同事之间的关系方面大有帮助

36、。）可知 空格处应该说通过什么样的方式来问候你的同事们。D选项“Send them a nice e-card and do ask for a treat.”（送给他们一张漂亮的电子卡片，并要求他们请客。）中的“them”指代上文的 “your colleagues,空格后的such small initiatives”指代选项中的“do ask for a treat。”承上启 下，符合语境，应选D。21. BA22. CB23. DA24. DA25. BC26. AD27. CC28. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者刚到美国时，有一个好朋友叫Catherine,但在当

37、其他同 学在Catherine背后说闲话时，作者因为害怕，并没有站出来为Catherine辩护，这使作者 答案第7页，共14页非常内疚，并下决心以后一定要有勇气战胜这种恐惧。21. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她很快就因为口音被大家取笑，这让她感到焦虑和没有平安 感。A. admired 尊敬;B. teased 取笑；C. followed 跟随；D. blamed 批评。根据后文“this unforgivable behavior”可知，一种不可原谅的行为指的是“取笑她的口音”。应选B项。22. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但她很快就因为口音被大家取笑，这让她感到焦虑和没有安 全感。A. i

38、nsecure不平安的，不保险的；B. excited激动的；C. relaxed放松的；D. jealous 嫉妒的。根据前文“anxious”以及后文“unforgettable behavior”可知，此处也表示一种焦虑的 心情。应选A项。23. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：拒绝接受这种不可原谅的行为，我与她亲近，称赞她的口音并 与她交朋友。A. analyzed分析；B.affected影响；C.approached靠近；D.accused指控，控 告。根据后文“praising her accent and befriending her”可知，与其他人不同，作者称赞她的口 音，与她做好

39、朋友，因此是接近她。应选C项。24. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种友好的互动源于我之前深深的内疚，我没有站出来，因此 伤害了一个无辜的女孩。A. gesture姿势；B.guilt愧疚；C. pride自豪，骄傲；D. eagerness 渴望 o 根据后文“Deeply buried in the shame of betraying my friend, I couldnt forgive myself.”可知，作者陷入愧疚当中。应选B项。25. 考查动词词组词义辨析。句意：这种友好的互动源于我之前深深的内疚，我没有站出来， 因此伤害了一个无辜的女孩。A. stay up熬夜；B.give

40、 up放弃；C.cheer up高兴起来，振作 起来；D. stand up 站起来，站出来。根据后文“Unfbrtunately, cruel gossips unfolded at Catherines expense before the interview. Desperate to be included, I just stood by.“可知， 之前作 者朋友陷入流言之时，她并没有站出来。应选D项。26. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我在美国的第一年勉强生活时，我遇到了凯瑟琳。A. barely 仅仅，勉强；B.smoothly平稳地,流畅地;C.slowly缓慢地;D.total

41、ly完全地。根据后文 greeting me with her thick but cheerful southern accent each morning” 以及“We quickly became 答案第8页，共14页best friends.”可知，作者第一年到美国时，生活不是很顺利。应选A项。27. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：凯瑟琳每天早上都用她浓重但欢快的南方口音向我打招呼， 让我感觉我被接纳了。A. confused困惑的；B. cheated被欺骗的；C. abandoned被抛弃的； D. accepted被接受的。根据后文“We quickly became best fr

42、iends.”可知，凯瑟琳每天和我打 招呼让我感觉很好。应选D项。28. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和凯瑟琳申请加入学校戏剧俱乐部。A. applied申请；B. happened 发生；C. agreed 同意；D. forgot 忘记。根据空后“the school drama club”可知,我 们申请加入俱乐部。应选A项。29. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，关于凯瑟琳的残酷的流言蜚语在采访前到处传播。我迫不及待地想被社团录取，因此对于凯瑟琳的事情袖手旁观。A. inspired鼓舞，鼓励；B. included使成为整体的一局部，包括；C. rewarded给某人报酬，奖赏；D.

43、 remembered iE 住，记得。根据前文“Catherine and I applied to join the school drama club.可知,我非常想被 俱乐部录取。应选B项。30. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：凯瑟琳仍然和我打招呼，她的热情并没有减退。A. hope希望； B. voice 声音；C. enthusiasm 热情；D. sympathy 同情。根据前文“Catherine made me feel accepted by greeting me with her thick but cheerful southern accent each morning.

44、”可知, 即使经 历了不开心的事，凯瑟琳一直对我打招呼，一直对我很热情。应选C项。31. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：深埋在“背叛”朋友的耻辱中，我无法原谅自己。A. shame羞 耻,羞愧；B. depression情绪低落；C.trouble问题；D. delight高兴，快乐。根据前文 Catherine would still greet me, her enthusiasm not fading.”以及本句中“betraying friend 背叛朋 友”可知，不开心的事情发生之后，凯瑟琳对我像往常一样热情，但我觉得自己背叛了朋 友，因此我感到很羞愧。应选A项。32. 考查副词词义辨析。

45、句意：我们的友谊被永久破坏了。A. carelessly粗心大意地；B.honestly 老实地；C. hardly 几乎不；D. permanently 永久地。根据前文“I couldnt forgive答案第9页，共14页C. Volcano experts.D. Wildlife protectors.2. What makes the town of La Fortuna special?A.It is near the capital.B.It has many parks.C.It is close to the volcanic landscape.D.It has many

46、rivers.3. Which place can you go if you just want to spend less than 20 dollars?A.Arenal National Park.B.Mistico Park.C.La Fortuna Waterfall.D.The Balsa River.IQ is often regarded as a crucial driver of success, particularly in fields such as science, innovation and technology. But the truth is that

47、 some of the greatest achievements by our species have primarily relied on what scientists call cognitive flexibility”.Cognitive flexibility is a skill that enables us to switch between different concepts, or to adapt behavior to achieve goals in a novel or changing environment. And the good news is

48、 that it can be trained. Currently, a group of researchers from Cambridge University are conducting a research, trying to work out how people can best boost their cognitive flexibility.Cognitive flexibility may have affected how people coped with the pandemic lockdowns, which produced new challenges

49、 around work and schooling. Some people may have changed their routines from time to time, trying to find better and more varied ways of going about their day. Others, however, struggled and finally became more rigid in their thinking. They stuck to the same routine activities, with little flexibility or change.Flexible thinking is key to creativity. It al