高考英语复习-高中英语重难点（从句 写作）分析课件（35张ppt).pptx

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1、高考英语重难点分析题型难度系数考察知识技巧听力听力听力能力和信息分析听关键词；卷面标注阅读理解阅读理解词汇；句型；阅读分析能力抓细节；细分析细节理解；词意推断；文章主旨；后文推断；最佳标题七选五七选五阅读分析能力；逻辑推理找关键词句；完形填空完形填空词汇；句型；上下文推断；理解分析打牢词汇基础；熟悉各种句式；反复通读全文；找暗示考察内容较多，包括词汇中的词义辨析（名词、动词及动词短语、形容词、副词、介词），和固定搭配。句型中的各类句式（定语从句、主语从句、状语从句等）；多为记叙文语法填空语法填空基本语法知识；词类转化熟记词类转化；熟记语法知识必有时态，必有语态，必有词性转换，必有从句短文改错短

2、文改错基本语法知识；词类转化；观察能力熟记词类转化；熟记语法知识；逐句观察阅读一添加，一删除，八修改；必有时态，必有形容词与副词的转化；必有非谓语书面表达书面表达连句成篇；写作能力背句型模板；套句型续写续写 抓住关键词，围绕关键词展开写不跑题，适当运用高分句型定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词，起定语作用（修饰限定）的从句叫做定语从句。关系词关系词关系代词：that/which/who（whom/whose）/as关系副词：when/where/why关系代词/副词的用法关系代词在从句中的所指和充当的成分注：关系副词在句中作状语（时间/地点/原因）指人指人指物指物主主语宾语定定语thatwhic

3、hwhowhomwhose例句The man who came to our school is Yaoming.(指人做主）The girl whom I met is Lucy.（指人做宾）The child whose parents are dead is called Tom.（指人做定）I like the book which you bought yesterday.（指物做宾）His parents would not let him marry anyone whose family was poor.（指人做定）I like the person to whom you

4、just talked.（指人做宾）We shall never forget the days that we spent together.（指物做宾）We shall never forget the days when we lived together.（时间状语）分析定分析定语从句从句1.画从句，从空起到第二个动词前（或者找到全部谓语动词画出从句）例如：The man 丨_ came to our school丨 is Yaoming.2.判断从句缺不缺成分（不缺成分填关系副词，缺成分填关系代词）例如上述句子中，cameto是动词短语，our school是宾语，缺了主语3.判断空

5、上所填的关系代词/副词指人还是指物例如上述句子中，空前面The man是先行词，是人，指人做主的先行词为who/that定语从句的两种形式：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句This is the movie which we saw last night.（限制性定语从句）【可以理解为集合中的一个子集，表示特指】The movie,which is called The foundation of a Republic,is very wonderful.（非限制性定语从句）【不表示特指，只起补充说明作用。标志就是逗号】Finite Attributive Clauses&Non-finite

6、 Attributive ClausesRestrictive 定语从句中只能用THAT的情况 先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything 等不定代词时（当先行词为someone或其它指代人的不定代词时，可用who）.例如：All that he said is true.先行词被only,no,any,all,some,any等词修饰时.例如：He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词.例如：He was the second(person)tha

7、t told me the secret.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词.This is the best book(that)I have read this year.先行词既包括人又包括物时.例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered.定语从句中只能用WHICH的情况在非限制性定语从中.例如：The meeting was put off,which was exactly what we wanted.定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时.例如：The thing about which he

8、 is talking is of great importance.注：当介词前移时指人用whom，指物用which，不可用thatAS与WHICH的辨析As 和which都可以引导非限定性定语从句，在用法上有一些区别。1.as 和which都可以在定语从句中作主语，宾语，既可修饰一个词也可修饰前面的整个句子。A.She accepted his proposal,as(which)was natural.她接受了她的求婚，这是自然而然的。B.The boy is pretty handsome,as(which)we can see in our classroom.这个男孩非常的帅气，正

9、如我们在教室看到。AS与WHICH的辨析2.as 在非限定性定语从句中的使用2.1 as可以放在主句之前，主句之后，也可以放在句中，可以说位置很灵活。但是which常用在主句之后A.As we all know,technology just like a engine to push the development of economics.众所周知，技术就像是引擎推动着经济的发展。B.The diva,as you know,is famous throughoutthe world.这个女歌剧演唱家，正如你知道的，在全世界都出名。C.He has stood her up,which I

10、 dont believe.他没有赴约，这事我不相信。AS与WHICH的辨析2.2 as与the same，such 连用时，用as。A.This is the same phone as I have borrowed from my sister.这个手机和我向我姐姐借的一样。B.I have never had such a chance to make a speech as I always imagined.我从没有这样一个机会去演讲，正如我一直想象的那样。AS与WHICH的辨析2.3在从句中谓语动词为被动语态，缺少主语时用as，不用which。A.Everyone knows t

11、hat she has left,as was expected.所有人都知道她又一次离开了，正如我们预料的那样。介词+关系代词结构1.“介词+which”在关系分句中分别可作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when,where和why。如：I still remember the day on which(=when)I first came to school.我仍然记得初来学校的那一天。The factory in which(=where)I work is a large one.我工作的工厂是一个大厂子。2.“介词+which（指物）/whom（指人）”在关系分句中作地点状

12、语，表示存在关系，关系分句主谓常须倒装。如：They arrived at a farm house,in front of which sat a small boy.他们来到一处农舍，前边坐着一个小男孩。I saw a man,on the head of whom stood a bird.我看见一个人，他的头上有一只鸟。介词+关系代词结构3.“不定代词或数词+of+which（指物）/whom（指人）”在关系分句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。如：China has a lot of islands,one of which is Diaoyu.中国有许多岛屿，其中之一是钓鱼岛。Ther

13、e are a lot of students here,none of whom like the film.这里有许多学生，他们之中无人喜欢这部电影。4.“介词+which（指物）/whom（指人）”在关系分句中作目的、方式或地点状语。如：Could you tell me for whom youve bought this coat?你能告诉我这件衣服是给谁买的吗？The man,from whom I learned the news,is an engineer.这人是一位工程师，我是从他那里得到这个消息的。介词+关系代词结构5.“介词+which（指物）/whom（指人）”用于被

14、动结构的关系分句中，作状语，说明动作的执行者。如：The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot.伤害羊的那只狼被打死了。The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter.打死狼的那人是一个好猎手。6.“名词+of which”代替“whose+名词”在关系分句中作定语。如：I saw some trees,the leaves of which(=whose leaves)were black with disease.我看见一些树，它们的叶子因害病而发黑。He mentioned a bo

15、ok,the title of which(=whose title)Ive forgotten.他提到一本书，书名我忘了。介词+关系代词结构7.“介词+which（指物）/whose（指人）”修饰后边的名词。如：It rained all night and all day,during which time the ship broke into pieces.雨下了一天一夜，就在这期间轮船撞碎了。The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps.司机就是那个男人，她从他的房间偷走地图。8.“介词+which+不定

16、式”。此种用法多见于正文体中，相当于一个带有主语和谓语的定语从句。如：She had only 1.87 with which to buy(=she could buy)Jim,her husband,a present.她只有一元八角七分钱，用这些钱她给丈夫吉姆买一件礼物。分句中分别可作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when,where和why。如：The factory in which(=where)I work is a large one.我工作的工厂是一个大厂子。This is the reason for which(=why)he was put in prison

17、.这就是他为什么被关起来的原因。THE WAY做先行词分两种情况当定语从句中不缺成分时可用that，in which，或不填当定语从句中缺成分时可用that，which，或不填（作宾）例句：第种情况1.I dont like the way he speaks to his mother.2.I dont like the way in which he speaks to his mother.3.I dont like the way that he speaks to his mother.第种情况1.I dont like the way which/that is complicat

18、ed.(作主语）2.I dont like the way that/which he gave us to solve the problem.(作宾语)同位语从句对从句前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释1.抽象名词+that+对抽象名词的解释（即内容）【that不可以省略】例：The news that he will leave for France is true.他将要去法国的消息是真的。2.抽象名词+when，where，why，how+对抽象名词的解释（即内容）He has no idea when the meeting will be held.他不知道会议将在什么时候被举行。注

19、：同位语从句的先行词极为有限，多为抽象名词。如：fact，idea，reason，thought，news，advice，view，suggestion等非谓语三种形式：to do；doing；done何时运用：一个完整的句子当中，已经出现了一个谓语动词，而没有任何连词时，另一个动词形式需要使用非谓语。用哪个：分析句子的主语，判断非谓语与主语的关系，表目的用to do，主动关系为doing，被动关系用done例：She sat at the window，reading（read）a book.句子中已经存在一个谓语动词sat，且句子中没有and，but等并列连词，故空为非谓语。通过翻译得知不

20、是表目的，且read与she为主动关系，故用doing形式。WITH的复合结构1.with+宾语+副词例：With his parents away,Tom becomes more naughty.父母不在时，汤姆变得更淘气了、2.With+宾语+形容词例：With the door open,the room was very cold.门开着，屋子里很冷。3.with+宾语+介词短语例：She came in with a book in his hand.她手里拿着书走进来。4.with+宾语+名词例：With a native guide,we neednt be afraid to

21、 get lost.有本地人当向导，我们不需要担心迷路。5.With+宾语+现在分词（主谓关系）例：With summer coming,the weather is becoming hotter and hotter.随着夏天的到来，天气越来越热。WITH的复合结构6.With+宾语+过去分词（动宾关系）例：With his hair cut,he looks much younger.理完发后，他显得年轻多了。7.With+宾语+不定式（将要发生）例：With her to go with us,we are sure to have a pleasant journey.有她和我们一起

22、去，我们的旅途一定会很愉快。作用1.充当伴随或方式状语He fell asleep，with the light still on.（他睡着了，灯还亮着。）2.充当原因状语With her money lost,she was at a loss what to do.（钱丢了，她不知如何是好。）3.充当结果状语She walked out in the rain,with her clothes all wet.（她冒雨出去，衣服都湿透了。）4.充当定语The room with lights on is our classroom.（开着灯的那个教室是我们的。）独立主格结构结构：名词（代词

23、）+现在分词（过去分词，形容词，副词，不定式，名词，介词短语）含义：由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。为逗号或with/without后的句子作状语。1.名词（代词）+现在分词There being no bus,we had t walk home.（由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。）2.名词（代词）+过去分词The workers worked still harder,their living conditions greatly improved.（由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作的更起劲了。）3.名词（代词）+不定式在名词/代词+动词不定式的结构中，

24、动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。The four of us agreed on a division of labor,each to translate a quarter of the book.（我们四人同意分工干，没人翻译全书的四分之一。）【主谓关系】Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.（种上许多树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。）4.名词（代

25、词）+形容词Computer very small,we can use it widely.独立主格结构5.名词（代词）+副词The meeting over,our headmaster soon left the meeting room.（散会了，校长很快就离开了会议室。）6.名词（代词）+名词Two hundred people died in the accident,many of them children.（两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。）7.名词（代词）+介词短语He left home,his key in his pocket.（他带着钥匙离开了家。）8.with/w

26、ithout引导的独立主格结构（用法同上，多数情况下with能省略，但without不能省略）With his book in hand，he came in.注：简单判读方法独立主格结构多有逗号，用逗号连接两个句子，有时逗号会变为with或without逗号、with或without连接的两个句子，其中有一个必定在语法上错误（谓语部分）写作步骤1.认真审题，读懂题目要求，明确要点内容；2.注意格式：若给某人写信必需用书信格式（开头：Dear XX，末尾：Yours，XX）；3.结构选择：推荐使用三段式结构，清晰明了；4.书写：书写中尽量多运用高级句型与词汇，提高得分；5.检查：认真检查结构衔

27、接是否连贯，题目要点是否全面，内容上是否有错误；6.誊抄：将修改后的作文字迹工整地誊抄在答题卡上。文章开头的写法（开门见山）1.书信：开门见山，明确写信的目的；I am writing to tell you2.记叙文：（1）故事背景：交代人物、时间、地点、事件、背景等；Yesterday，we were invited to the museum.（2）往事追忆:回忆过去发生的某件事；I still remember we went to Japan last month.3.说明文：（1）点明中心：开门见山点名所要介绍的事物；How the Internet helps us live b

28、etter?（2）引用数据：运用数据引出所要论证的主题；A study shows that 50 of the students have no enough sleep.4.议论文：（1）点明主题：提出一个观点或论据作为文章要论述的主题；We should learn to understand each other.（2）引用名言：摘录或引用某些名人的名言或常见的习语、谚语作为文章的开头；“Where there is a will,there is a way.（3）列举实例：通过一个实例或现象引出话题；Now,people who like Internet become more.

29、5.图画类作文：描述图画：描写图画内容，为下文做好铺垫。As the picture shows,文章结尾的写法（升华主题）1.书信：（1）表示期待；I am looking forward to your reply.（2）表示感激；I would appreciate it if you2.记叙文：（1）点题升华：总结全文，进一步升华主题；From this experience,we can learn（2）问题设问：通过问答的形式总结全文；How do you like it？If it will come ture,how fancy the world will be.3.说明文：

30、总结全文：总结说明的事物，进一步说明其特征；In a word,Internet has become more and more popular.4.议论文：（1）得出结论：总结全文，得出结论；So,we can know（2）深化中心：进一步深化主题；In a word,（3）提出建议：结尾提出建议及应对措施；So we should/So I suggest that we should（4）引用名言：用名言总结全文；（5）照应开头：对开头进行照应。提升得分1.多用复合句：宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句等；2.多用非谓语；3.多用高级词汇；4.内容衔接得当：运用Moreover、Furthermore等连接词；5.注意尽量在语法上少出错。再见！