初中英语易混词辨析.doc
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1、 . 中考常考同义词或词组同近义词或词组的辨析题,不仅在平时测验、周考、月考中常出,也是中考的一个重要考察点,平时我们就应该注意这些词的不同用法以及一些固定搭配,这样不仅对平时成绩有帮助,也会在中考时起一定的作用,下面我们就逐步的总结一下这些重要的常考的同近义词:1spend, pay, cost, take(1) spend vt. “花费,主语只能是人;常用结构:sb. spend 时间/钱 on sth. “在上花时间/金钱sb. spend 时间/钱 (in) doing sth. “在做某事上花费时间/金钱eg: I spend two hours on my homework ev
2、ery day. =I spend two hours (in) doing my homework every day. 此外,spend 还有“度过的意思。常用结构:spendwith sb.eg: spend ones holidaywith ones friends“和朋友一起度假。 (2) pay vt. & vi. “花费,付款,主语只能是人;常用结构: sb. pay 钱 for sth. “某人为某物付钱sb, pay sb.钱 = sb. pay钱 to sb. “某人付钱给某人eg: We must pay him 10 dollars. 我们必须付他10美元。 = She
3、 paid 100 dollars for her new shoes.(3) cost vt.“花费,主语是物,常用结构: sth. cost sb钱 “某物花费某人多少钱 eg: This dictionary cost me 50 yuan. =I spent 50 yuan on this dictionary. =I paid 50 yuan for this dictionary.此外,cost还有“值多少钱的意思。 常用结构: sth. cost 钱 eg: This book cost 20 yuan. 这本书值20元钱。cost 还可作名词,“本钱,费用。固定搭配:at al
4、l costs 不惜任何代价,无论如何eg: Ill do it well at all costs. 无论如何我都要把这件事做好。 cost 的过去式是本身,做题时一定要注意句子是什么时态,前后搭配要一致。 常见的过去式是本身的动词:cost, put, cut, read(4) take 当“花费讲时,主语是物,常用结构: It takes sb.时间/钱 to do sth. eg: It took me two hours to write this composition. = I spend two hours (in) writing this composition.2arri
5、ve, get to, reach (1) 这三个词都有“到达的意思,但arrive为不及物动词,后接地点名词时要加介词,reach和get to后面直接跟表示地点的名词, 常用结构:arrive in + 方名词arrive at + 小地方名词get to + 地点名词reach + 地点名词Eg: arrive in Beijing = get to Beijing = reach BeijingArrive at the station = get to station = reach the starion (2) arrive 和 get to 后接地点副词时,arrive后不加介
6、词,get to去掉to,Eg: arrive home/here/there = get home/here/there 初中常见的地点副词有home, here, there. 三者只有arrive可以不加地点。如:“我们明天到,只能用 We will arrive tommorrow.3wear, put on, dress, have on, be in, be dressed in put on 和 dress 表穿动作,其他的都表示状态。(1) put on “穿上,戴上 ,宾语是衣服、鞋帽等,宾语为代词时,要放在put on之间,如:put them on, put it on.
7、eg: Its very cold outside. Please put on your overcoat. 反义短语为take off,注意一定不是put off.(2) wear 常指“穿着、“戴着的状态,宾语是衣服、鞋帽等。它还有“留长发,蓄胡子等意思,eg: wear blue shoes/glasses/a new hat/a watch/new clothes(3) dress + sb. / oneself “给某人穿衣服,宾语不能是“衣服,只能是“人,eg: The mother dresses her baby every morning.(4) have on 指状态,不
8、用进展时,因为它本身就有进展时的含义:“有在身上, eg: He always has his cap on, 他总是戴着帽子。(5) be in, be dressed in 后面不仅可接“衣服,还可接“颜色,这是与前面几个词和短语的用法不同的。eg: She is always (dresses) in red. 她总穿红衣服。 4few, a few, little, a little, a bit, a bit of这几个词分成几对来比拟:(1) a few fewa little little( 只能横向比拟和竖向比拟) few 和 a few后面都接可数名词的复数形式,有a的表示“
9、有一点,表肯定;没有a的表示“几乎没有,表否认; little 和 a little 后接不可数名词,有a的表示“有一点,表肯定;没有a的表示“几乎没有,表否认;Eg: hurry up. There is little time left, 快点,没有时间了。Dont worry. There is still a little time left. 别着急,还有一点时间。He has few friends, so he is very lonely. 他几乎没有朋友,所以他感到很孤独。注意: only a little = little only a few = few 当 a few
10、前有另一个形容词或定冠词修饰时,a 要去掉。Eg: in the past few years . 在过去的几年中。Every few hundred meters 每隔几百米。(2) a little,a bit,a little bit, a bit of a little,a bit与a little bit修饰形容词和副词时,根本可以互换,只是a little bit的语气比前两者弱;Eg:I am a little tired. = I am a bit tired. 我有一点累。注意:a little 还可以修饰比拟级,a bit 那么不能。 修饰比拟级的其他词:much, eve
11、n, a little, a lot ,far ,anyEg: She is a little taller than me. 她比我高一点。a bit of 修饰不可数名词,a bit 不可以修饰名词; 修饰名词时:a little + 不可数名词= a bit of + 不可数名词 表达否认时:not a bit = not at all “一点也不Not a little = quite “十分,相当Eg:She is not a bit tired.(=She is not tired at all.)她一点都不累。 She is not a little tired. 她很累5too
12、 many, too much, much too (1) too many和too much 意为“太多,指超过了一定的限度,前者后接可数名词复数,后者接不可数名词,并且可以单独使用。Eg: Too many people took part in yesterdays singing competetion. 太多的人参加了昨天的歌唱比赛。I am sorry. I have given you too much trouble. 对不起,我给你添了太多的麻烦。 He ate too much. 他吃得太多了。 (2) much too意为“太,非常,后接形容词或副词。Eg: The sh
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