高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解长难句分析建议1（附重点词汇用法）讲义.docx

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1、阅读理解长难句分析建议1（附重点词汇用法）长难句1：To be narrower than a piece of A4,you needto have roughly a 25-inch waist or less, which is much thinner than the 35-inch average American waist, practically impossible for most human beings.译文：为了让你的腰比一张A4纸还要窄，你需要大约25英寸的腰围，甚至更小。这比一般美国人35英寸的腰围小多了，对大多数人几乎是不可能的。分析：这个句子虽然很长，但结构

2、还是很清晰的。To be narrower .在句首作目的状语，主句为you need to . less，which引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a25-inch waist or less。点拨：roughly：大致地；aboutpractically：几乎；差不多长难句2：Reviewers have severely criticized the strange trendfor pressuring women to try to reach an unachievable goal.译文：评论家们严厉批评了这种奇怪的趋势，在这种趋势下，女性会迫于压力，努力去达到一个根本不可能

3、实现的目标。分析：本句的结构比较简单，主干为sb criticize sb / sth for .点拨：pressure：熟词生义迫使(同义替换force，帮助理解pressure)长难句3：The factthat members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of anotherdoes not meanthat they do not experience emotions.译文：一种文化背景下的人不像另一种文化背景下的人一样直率地表达他们的情感，并不意味着他们没有这些情感。分析：

4、首先确定谓语动词，然后谓语动词前为主语，后为宾语，最后判断主语中的修饰成分，宾语中的修饰成分等。本句的主干为The fact does not mean that .，其中，that they do not experience emotions是从句作mean的宾语。that members of oneculture do notexpress their emotions as openly as do members of another为fact的同位语从句，其中as do members of another是状语从句，助动词do位于主语membersof another前形成倒装

5、，用于强调和平衡句子结构，主语后省略了express their emotions。长难句4：The key isto try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different.译文：关键是不要随意评判那些以不同方式表达情感的人。分析：whose关系代词，引导定语从句whose ways of showing emotion are different，修饰先行词people。长难句5：A generationwhich would once only wear old-fashioned clothesis now

6、 favouring the samehigh street looksworn by those half their age.译文：一度只穿过时衣服的那一代人，如今热衷于他们小辈才会穿的街头流行服饰。分析：本句主干为a generation. is .，which would once onlywear old-fashioned clothes为定语从句，修饰先行词a generation。worn by those half theirage过去分词作后置定语，表示被动，修饰looks。点拨：old-fashioned：过时的，不时髦的favour：较喜欢；preferhigh str

7、eet：大街(城镇的主要街道)(= main street)street looks：街头时尚装扮长难句6：It is your personality that decides who you truly are.译文：性格决定真我。点拨：主要让学生体会此处为什么用强调句，从而感悟强调句的作用以及使用场合。长难句7：When all potential for ugliness is removed, so is all of the potential for beauty.译文：美丑相依。(当所有潜在的“丑”被去掉之后，所有潜在的“美”也会随之消失)分析：so引起主谓倒装，表示“也是一样

8、的”。长难句8：The correct explanation of human behavior will probably take ideas from both theories.译文：如何正确解释人类的行为，很可能会从这两种理论中得到启发。点拨：注意核心词take “从中取出；取材于”长难句9：It is your personality that determines whether people are attracted to, or shy away from you.译文：是你的性格决定人们是否会被你吸引还是会躲开你。点拨：shy away from：回避，躲避(体会语言)

9、长难句10：Not only can we improve the personality, but also develop it in ways we previously did not understand, or believe possible.译文：我们不仅可以培养自己的性格，还可能变成自己以前不理解或者认为不可能的样子。长难句11：We are now at the point where we realize that we have influence and control over which characteristics we want to develop or

10、improve.译文：我们现在处于这样的阶段：我们意识到，我们能够影响和控制自己变成什么样的性格。分析：where引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词point；where从句中的谓语动词realize后跟有that引导的宾语从句；这个宾语从句中有which引导的宾语从句，在此作介词over的宾语。点拨：point：(发展的) 阶段，程度长难句12：We can develop or integrate into our personalities any characteristic we think fitting and agreeable.译文：我们可以培养任何我们认为合适的、讨人喜欢的品质或

11、者把它们融入到我们的性格中。分析：any characteristic wethink fitting and agreeable为宾语后置，因为宾语较长。长难句13：Its undeniable thatbehavior comes from our inner dispositions, but in many particular cases we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem, by observing our own behavior.译

12、文：毋庸置疑的是，我们的行为取决于我们的内在性情，但是正如社会心理学家Daryl Bem所说的，在很多特定情况下，我们也要通过观察自己的行为来推断出我们是怎样的人。分析：以分析句子成分和结构为主。but连接两个并列分句。前一个并列分句中it为形式主语，that behavior comesfrom our inner dispositions为真正的主语；后一个并列分句中as suggestedby the social psychologist Daryl Bem是非限制性定语从句的省略；who we are是介词about的宾语。observing our ownbehavior：认知词块

13、注意/ 留意/ 透过自己的行为(同look to onesbehavior)长难句14：Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize.译文：我们行为习惯的养成通常受周围小压力的影响，而我们并没有认识到这一点。分析：which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整句话。点拨：be shaped by：受影响(shape 由基本义“使成形”到衍生义“影响，决定”)which：引导非限制性定语从句fail to do sth：不能/ 未能做某事recognize：意识到；real

14、ize长难句15：We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be. KurtVonnegut译文：我们假装自己是什么样的，我们就是什么样的，因此要假装成什么样，我们必须小心谨慎。库尔特冯内古特长难句16：They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found my

15、self.译文：他们地位的提高不是靠与人为善，而是靠抽烟、破坏规矩和开别人的玩笑，我很快就发现自己也成为他们中的一员。点拨：the ranks: (团体或组织的) 成员break rules:破坏规定长难句17：The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen school yard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.译文：讨人喜欢的人能与他人相处

16、很好，因而能增强校园友谊，激发人际交往的能力。这些品质如能及早发现，会在未来的工作和生活中发挥作用。分析：句子的主语是The qualities，谓语动词是strengthen，jump-start和are employed；when tapped early是时间状语从句，省略了主语和be动词。点拨：the likable：讨人喜欢的人status seekers：追求地位的人jump-start：启动；促进interpersonalskills:人际交往技巧tap：开发；发掘(已有的资源、知识等)employ：应用，运用；use长难句18：Enviableas the cool kids

17、may have seemed, Dr. Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences.译文：尽管酷酷的孩子们可能看起来令人羡慕，但普林斯坦博士的研究却得出了不好的结果。分析：本句含有一个as引导的让步状语从句。as意为“尽管”时，引导的从句要用倒装语序，其结构为：形容词/ 名词/ 副词/ 动词原形+ as + 主语。点拨：enviable：令人羡慕的长难句19：It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just

18、 the opposite effect on us.译文：这清楚地表明，尽管讨人喜欢会带来良好的适应力，但地位高对我们的影响恰恰相反。分析：that引导宾语从句，在该从句中包含一个while引导的让步状语从句。点拨：have the oppositeeffect on：对有相反的作用长难句20：It wasnt until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became aware of her habit of finding fault.译文：直到她的朋友严重受伤，Kerry才意识到她挑错的毛病。分析：这是一个强调句，其句型为It is / was

19、 not until that 点拨：habit：毛病(可以是习惯，也可以是毛病，根据语境确定)长难句21：Only then did I truly begin to appreciate Dad and his faith that guided us through the hard times.译文：直到那时我才真正开始理解爸爸和他的信念，这种信念指引我们度过了艰难时光。分析：only then引起部分倒装，“only + 状语”提前，句子用部分倒装。点拨：appreciate：理解；understand长难句22：Growing plants indoors hasalways be

20、en taken up as a popular hobby.译文：室内种植植物一直是人们喜爱从事的业余爱好。分析：动名词短语作主语。点拨：take up对产生兴趣，(为了消遣)从事长难句23：Their low-water, low-maintenance requirements provide many benefits for indoorgardeners and make them especially appeal to people on the go.译文：它们(多肉植物)不喜水，易于养护的特性给室内园丁带来了很多便利，这使得它们尤其受到繁忙人士的喜爱。点拨：provide

21、manybenefits for：为提供许多益处appeal to：吸引；attract/intereston the go：忙碌的长难句24：If anyonehad told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping,I would have laughed heartily.译文：三年前如果有人告诉我以后我大部分的周末都会在露营，我会放声大笑。分析：该句是一个虚拟条件句。if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设。(虚拟语气影响句意理解)点拨：laugh heartily：开怀大笑长

22、难句25：This briefvisit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.译文：这次对大自然的短暂造访害我请了两天假，以使严重晒伤的皮肤得以康复，同时，我还要支付儿子食物中毒的医疗费。分析：recovering .为现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随情况或附加说明。点拨：a brief visit：短期旅行recover from：从中恢复过来a bad cas

23、e of：严重的病(由基本义“例子”到衍生义“病例”)food poisoning：食物中毒长难句26：There was not one night that I dont remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside.译文：在我的记忆里，没有一个夜晚，妈妈不坐在床边给我读故事的。点拨：bedside:床边长难句27：It wasntuntil I learned about Thomas Edison, though, that I really became excited aboutinventing.译文：不过，直到我了解了托马斯

24、爱迪生，我才真正地热爱发明了。分析：这是一个强调句，其句型为It is / was not until that ，意为“直到才”。长难句28：Hisguiding hands, combined with myinterest in inventing, led me tobecome an engineer and an inventor.译文：他对我的指导，加之我对发明的兴趣，使我成为一名工程师和发明家。分析：combined with my interest in inventing为过去分词短语作非限制性定语，修饰hands，句子主干是Hisguiding hands led me

25、to 要学会句式结构，进行仿写。点拨：a guiding hand：指导lead sb to do：促使某人做某事长难句29：My wife Laura and I were on the beach, with three of our children, taking pictures of shore birds near our home in Alaska when we spotted a bear.译文：我和我的妻子劳拉还有我们的三个孩子在阿拉斯加我们家附近的沙滩上，拍摄沙滩鸟类时，发现了一头熊。分析：本句的主干是My wife Laura and I were . when .

26、，表示某人正在这时，takingpictures of .为现在分词短语做伴随状语。点拨：take pictures of：给拍照be doing sth when.：正在做某事突然spot：发现，注意到；notice长难句30：An aggressive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute.译文：一只凶猛的熊通常会冲过去吓跑它的敌人，但是在最后一刻会突然停下。长难句31：Drawing back my free hand, I

27、struck the bear as hard as I could for five or six times.译文：我抽回空闲的手，使劲揍了那只熊五六次。分析：drawing back my free hand为现在分词短语作状语。长难句32：Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying afence as it went.译文：很显然确信我们不会造成更大的威胁，那只熊就离开了，离开时撞坏了围栏。分析：apparently satisfied that .为形容词短

28、语作状语，destroying为现在分词作状语。点拨：apparently：似乎，好像satisfied：确信的(多用于satisfied that结构)长难句33：My arm was injured, but the outcome for us could hardly have been better.译文：我的胳膊受伤了，但是对于我们来说这个结果已经够好的了。分析：could hardly have been better为虚拟语气，意为“不可能更好了”。点拨：outcome：result结果，后果长难句34：Im proud that my family remained clea

29、r-headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome.译文：我的家人能够保持头脑清醒，这让我引以为傲，因为惊慌很可能会带来完全不同的后果。分析：could have led为虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设。点拨：remain clear-headed：保持头脑清醒clear-headed：头脑清醒的(形容词+名词-ed形式)长难句35：It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia.译文：没过多久火车就穿过了Causewa

30、y到了马来西亚。长难句36：As we went beyond the city, I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green.译文：当我们驶离城市时，我看到了一排排的橡胶树和数英里的绿色。长难句37：He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile.译文：他看起来很吃惊，但随即他那饱经风霜的脸上绽放了灿烂的笑容。点拨：weather-beaten：饱经风霜的，日晒雨淋的长难句38：

31、If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, youll have no trouble answering these questions.译文：如果你的感觉足够敏锐，回答这些问题就没有困难。点拨：sharp：敏锐的(基本义“尖的”，衍生义“敏锐的”)have no troubledoing sth：做某事没有困难长难句39：Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults.译文：我们大多数人，在孩提时代的观察力比长大成人后要好得多。分析：do代替前面出现的observe

32、。长难句40：But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear, we are numb to new stimulation, new ideas.译文：但在孩提时那些对我们来说一些明显的差异，现在变得不再清晰，我们对新的刺激和想法变得麻木。分析：that were sharp to us as children是一个定语从句，修饰先行词distinctions。点拨：sharp：清晰的，鲜明的长难句41：Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is q

33、uite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.译文：虽然重新学习看待我们周围世界的技巧需要实践，需要我们改掉一些坏习惯，但这相当简单。分析：relearning the art of seeing the worldaround us为动名词短语作主语。点拨：break some badhabits：改掉一些坏习惯长难句42：The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see

34、 and feel before it occurs.译文：唤醒感知的第一步就是在事情发生之前，不要再去预测我们会看到什么感觉到什么。长难句43：It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see whats aroundthem.译文：他们很少会想到慢一点，花点时间欣赏周围的风景。长难句44：Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.译文：徜徉在这样的心绪中，你将会发现生活崭新的一面。点拨：frame

35、 of mind：心态，心绪dimension：角度；方面长难句45：Still shaky and unsure what to do next, my friends and I went to a table and sat there, trying our best to look calm.译文：我和朋友走到一张桌子旁坐下，虽然一直在发抖又不知所措，但我们努力强装镇定。分析：stillshaky and unsure what to do next是形容词短语作状语，trying .是现在分词短语作状语。长难句46：My heart almost stopped beating.译

36、文：我的心脏差点停止跳动。点拨：beat：(心脏)跳动长难句47：He could have made what was already an uncomfortable situation worse, but he chose a different way and gave us a reason to believe that there is still kindness in this world.译文：他可能会让这个本来就尴尬的局面更加糟糕，但是他并没有那么做，让我们有理由相信这个世界还是有善良的。分析：couldhave made是虚拟语气，表示“本来有可能”，与过去事实相反；

37、whatwas already an uncomfortable situation是what引导的宾语从句，作made的宾语，worse为宾语补足语。长难句48：Also located on the north side is the bathroom with a large window and a view of the forest, which contains a shower, toilet and washbasin.译文：同样位于北面的是洗手间，里面配有淋浴，马桶和洗手池；洗手间有一面大窗户，透过窗户可以看到森林的美景。分析：本句为倒装句，正常语序为The bathroo

38、m with a large window and a view of the forest, which contains a shower,toilet and washbasin is also located on the north side.主语bathroom带了两个定语，一个with短语，一个which引导的非限制性定语从句，这样使得主语过长，故用了倒装结构，以便平衡结构。长难句49：Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel.译文：记录下你的努力，写下你的感受。点拨：keep track of：记录，追踪；ke

39、ep a record of sth长难句50：If the steps you take are working, keep it up.译文：如果这些措施有效，就坚持下来。长难句51：Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.译文：不管哪天，都要遵守固定的睡觉和起床时间。长难句52：There lay my house, reduced to waist-high ruins, smelly and dirty.译文：我的房子已经变成了齐腰高的废墟，脏乱不堪，臭味难闻。分析：主干为There lay my h

40、ouse倒装结构。reduced to waist-high ruins和smelly and dirty分别是过去分词短语和形容词作状语，表示房子现在的状态。点拨：be reduced to ruins：被夷为废墟waist-high：齐腰高的长难句53：Hed read some pieces Id written about our sufferings forSlate, the online magazine and wanted to give us (“no conditions attached”) a new house across the lake from New Or

41、leans.译文：他读到了一些我在Slate这本在线杂志上写的有关我们苦难经历的文章，想免费提供给我们(无附加条件)一座位于湖对面的新房。分析：本句的主干为Hed read some pieces . and wanted to give us (“no conditions attached”) a new house.，Id written about our sufferings for Slate是一个定语从句，修饰pieces，省略了关系代词which或that。the online magazine作Slate的同位语，起解释说明的作用。across the lake from N

42、ew Orleans作a new house的后置定语。点拨：no conditions attached：没有附加条件长难句54：Its almost worth losing your worldly possessions to be reminded that people are really nice when given half a chance.译文：每凡能够帮助别人时，人们都会尽力去做，能感悟到这一点，失去自己的物质财富也算值了。点拨：give sb half achance：给某人一些机会长难句55：However, dont suppose that just beca

43、use you have found out about housing from a friend it is necessarily going to be better than that found through any other source.译文：但是，不要以为仅仅因为通过朋友找到的房源，就一定比其他渠道找到的要好。分析：that指代前面出现过的housing。长难句56：Faced with the very high rents charged in London, some students and their parents will consider buying as an alternative.译文：面对伦敦的高房租，有些学生和他们的家长考虑选择买房。分析：charged in London作rents的后置定语。点拨：be faced with面对长难句57：Not only is motherhood a difficult task, it is an impossible job for any normal human being.译文：做母亲不仅是一项艰巨的任务，对任何一个正常人来说都是不可能完成的工作。