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1、中考英语时态、语态专项复习一 一般现在时1. 表述客观真理、客观存在及自然现象。Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不等人。2. 表述习惯性、经常性发生的动作或经常存在的状态。I wash my hair once two days. 我们两天洗一次头发。3. 表示计划或安排好了的事情,或确定要发生的动作。The train leaves Jinan at five and arrives in Beijing eleven. 火车五点离开济南,十一点到达北京。4. 用于时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中,代替一般将来时When you come across a
2、new road while reading,youd better not look it up at once. 在阅读中遇到生词时,最好不要马上查词典。If it doesnt rain,well go on a picnic as planned. 如果不下雨,我们将按计划去野餐。5. 时间标志词:often(经常),usually(通常),always(总是),never(从不),every day(每天),sometimes(有时)等。二 一般过去时1. 表示过去发生的动作和存在的状态。I received a strange phone call yesterday. 昨天我接到
3、一个奇怪的电话。此种情况常与just now,yesterday,last year,at that time,a few days ago等时间状语连用。2. 表示过去经常和反复发生的动作。He usually went to the cinema last year. 去年他经常去看电影。此种情况常与always,usually,often,sometimes,never等时间状语连用。3. 表示此时此刻某一动作不断地重复。I got up early,washed my face,had a quick breakfast and hurried to school . 我早早起了床,洗
4、完碗,迅速吃完早饭,就匆忙就上学去了。此时一般不出现表示过去的时间状语,需要通过情景断定。三 现在进行时1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作。What are you doing now,Bob?Grandma is asking to see you. 鲍勃,你在干什么?奶奶要见你。2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻动作不一定在正在进行。I am helping my dad on the farm this summer. 这个夏天我在农场给爸爸帮忙。3. 表示此时此刻某一动作不断地重复。Someone is knocking at the door. 有人一直在敲门。4. 与副词al
5、ways,forever等连用,表达说话人的某种感情色彩。She is always thinking of others instead of herself. 他总是为别人,而不是为自己着想。(赞扬)Why are you always coming late for class?你怎么总是上学迟到?(批评) 5. 在时间、条件等状语从句中替代将来进行时。If I am sleeping when he comes,wake me up ,please.6. 瞬时动词的进行时态可表示“即将”,常用于表示将来的I am taking my daughter to the park this
6、Saturday. 这个周六我将带女儿去公园。7. 时间标志词:now(现在),right now(现在),at present(目前),at this moment(这时),these days(这些天)等。四 过去进行时1. 表示过去发生的动作和存在的状态。When he called me,I was having dinner. 他给我打电话时,我正在吃晚饭。常与过去时进行时连用的时间状语then,last night,that time,the whole day等。2. 表示过去经常和反复发生的动作。They were expecting you yesterday,but you
7、 didnt turn up. 他们昨天一直在等你,可你没来。3. 表示此时此刻某一动作不断地重复。He told me he was leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 他告诉我他明天要去上海。此种情况限于come,go,leave,arrive等动词。五 一般将来时1. Shall/will do表示将来的动作或状态。We shall/will come to ask Miss Chen for help. 我们要找陈老师帮助我们。2. be going to do表示很快就要发生的事情,打算要做的事情,或有迹象表明要发生的事情。I am going to gat
8、her some materials about Ba Jin. 我打算搜集一些有关巴金的材料。3. be going表示按计划将要发生的动作。My uncle is coming back from abroad. 我叔叔要从外国回来了。4. be to do表示安排好的动作或者要求别人做的事情。The president is to visit China next week. 总统下周访问中国。5. be about to表示主观将要做某事,句中一般没有时间状语。I was about to start off when it begin to rain. 我刚要出发天就下起雨来了。6.
9、 do(一般现在时形式)表示按计划、时间表等严格执行的动作。The bus leaves early next morning from this station. 这辆汽车明天很早从本站出发。六 现在完成时1. 强调过去的行为对现在的影响。I have just come back from the United States. 我刚从美国回来。2. 表示过去的某一动作一直持续到现在。How have you been recently with your new work?你的新工作最近怎样?3. 表示经历过的事情。I have only been to the Great Wall on
10、ce. 我仅去过长城一次。She has gone to the Great Wall. 她去长城了。4. 在时间、条件等从句中,代替将来完成时。Ill go home as soon as Ive finished all my home work. 我一做完作业就回家。七 过去完成时1. 表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作,即“过去的过去”。The train had left before I got to the station. 我到达车站前火车已经开走了。2. 表示在过去某一时间以前已经持续了一段时间的动作,即“过去的过去”。I had worked in a car fa
11、ctory for two years before I came here. 我来这儿之前已在一家汽车厂工作了两年。八 各种时态形式的被动语态的构成1. 一般现在时am/is/are doneThe Great Wall of China is known by people all over the world . 长城被世界人民所熟知。2. 一般过去时was/were doneThe bike was mended by him yesterday. 自行车昨天被他修好了。3. 现在进行时am/is/are being doneThey are being planted by them by the river. 他们正在河边种树。4. 现在完成时have/has been doneThe work has been finished by Marry. 工作被玛丽完成了。5. 过去进行时was/were being doneA letter was being written to my uncle by me at eight yesterday. 昨天8点我正在给我叔写信。6. 含情态动词的被动语态结构情态动词+be doneYour homework must be handed in tomorrow morning.5
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