研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版110课文及课后习题答案翻译.doc
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1、Lesson1II. VocabularyA. Choose the best word from the four choices to complete each of the following sentences. 1. There has been much opposition from some social groups, _ from the farming community.A. straightforwardlyB. notablyC. virtuallyD. exceptionally2. The _ view in Britain and other Western
2、 countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty.A. predominantB. credulousC. inclusiveD. sustainable3. But gifts such as these cannot be awarded to everybody, either by judges or by the most _ of governments./ rewardrewardingA. toughB. demandingC. diverseD. benign4
3、. The foreman read the _ of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.A. prejudiceB. verificationC. verdictD. punishment5. They fear it could have a(n) _ effect on global financial markets.A. sizeableB. adverse(negative)C. beneficialD. consequential6. The UN threatened to _ economic sanctions if
4、 the talks were broken off.A. engageB. pursueC. abandon/ abundantD. invoke7. There are at least four crucial differences between the new _ and the old government.A. regimeB. hegemonyC. complexD. federation/ fedalfederal, confederate)8. These questions _ a challenge to established attitude of superio
5、rity toward the outside world.A. evolveB. Constitute形成C. tolerateD. aroused9. Because of this, a strong administrative _ was needed to plan the use of scarce resources, organize production and regulate distribution.A. apparatusB. constitutionC. insistenceD. promotion10. I learnt that there are no ge
6、nuinely _ animals in this area, all the animals were brought here from other places.A. endangeredB. domesticatedC. indigenousD. extinctB. Choose the hest word or expression from the list given for each Honk Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.point upby and
7、largetake indescentfor good or illleave asidecrystal cleardie outendangerlay. at the door of1. The book concludes with a review of the possible impact (influence) of more intimate computers for good or ill, in various areas of human life.2. Moreover, it had become clear from the opinion polls that t
8、he unpopularity of the new tax was being laid at the door of the government which had introduced it, rather than the local authorities who were responsible for levying and collecting it.3. This case gave the example of breaking someones arm: that is a really serious injury, but one which is unlikely
9、 to endanger the victims life.4. Many of those who hold it live in poor areas and some are Colored, that is (i.e./ namely), of mixed European and African descent. 5. This debate is important because it points up (stress/ emphasize) that the facts are not necessarily as simple and straightforward as
10、they might at first sight seem.6. In the beginning, the meaning of life might be debated, but once past the first period, many of the conversations follow a well-worn route from one topic to the next and back again, taking in most of human life.7. But since agriculture forms the basis (base) of our
11、industry, it was, by and large (on the whole), also an intensification of the crisis in the national economy in general.8. Let us leave aside other relevant factors such as education, career structure, pay and conditions of service and concentrate on (focus on) manpower management.(relate A to B)9.
12、It is true that the exact nature of this issue is uncertain. However, one thing is crystal clear: it will not endanger the planet and its inhabitants.10. But if animal populations are too small, then they simply die out.III. ClozeThere are ten blanks in the following passage. Read the passage carefu
13、lly and choose the best answer from the four choices given for each blank. criteria: (1)semantic/ (2)grammatic A simplified form of the English language based on 850 key words was developed in the late 1920s by the English psychologist Charles Kay Ogden and 1 by the English educator I. A. Richards.
14、Known as Basic English, it was used mainly to teach English to non-English-speaking persons and 2 as an international language. The complexities of English spelling and grammar, however, were major 3 to the adoption of Basic English as a second language.The fundamental principle of Basic English was
15、 that any idea, 4 complex, may be reduced to simple units of thought and expressed clearly by a limited number of everyday words. The 850-word primary vocabulary was 5 600 nouns (representing things or events), 150 adjectives (for qualities and _ 6 ), and 100 general operational words, mainly verbs
16、and prepositions. Almost all the words were in 7 use in English-speaking countries. More than 60 percent of them were one-syllable words. The basic vocabulary was created 8 by eliminating 9 the use of 18 basic verbs, such as make, get, do, have, and be. Numerous words which have the same or similar
17、meanings and by verbs, such as make, get, do, have, and be. These verbs were generally combined with prepositions, such as up, among, under, in, and forward. For example, a Basic English student would use the expression “go up”10ascend. (Semantic / grammatical criterion) 1. A. createdB. publicizedC.
18、 inventedD. operated2. A. provedB. providedC. projectedD. promoted3. A. advantagesB. objectionsC. obstaclesD. facileties4.A. howeverB. whateverC. whereverD. whenever5. A. comprised ofB. made ofC. composed ofD. constituted of6. A. personalitiesB. propertiesC. preferencesD. perceptions/ perceive)7.A.
19、commonB. ordinaryC. averageD. nonprofessional8. A. in allB. at timesC. for goodD. in part/ partially)9. A. experiencingB. exchangingC. excludingD. extending10. A. in spite of=despiteB. in favor ofC. instead ofD. in case ofII. TranslationPut the following passages into Chinese. 1. For English is a ki
20、ller. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to t
21、he three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh. that their long-term future must be considered. very greatly at risk.因为英语是个杀手。正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。然而,英语在日常生活中无处不在。所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。英语对现存的凯尔特语爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大,它们的未来岌岌可危。2. He also as
22、sociated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly white English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least toleratedand certain
23、ly have not opposedthe hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.同时,他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视(和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似)的偏见密切相关。在菲利普森看来,在以白人英语为主导的世界,最重要的机构和个人(有意或无意地)鼓励或者至少是容忍了(肯定没有反对)英语霸权主义式的传播。这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。 3. By and large, we now view them
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