2022年英语中考语法复习之冠词.docx

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1、冠 词知识归纳梳理一、定义 英语中，冠词是虚词, 本身不能单独使用, 也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。表示名词的数量或者特征。二、分类 冠词分为不定冠词“a，an”和定冠词“the”两种。三、a和an的区别不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的单词或字母前，an用于元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的单词或字母前。例如：a boy，a university， a European country；an hour， an island，an elephant，an umbrella以元音音素开头的常见的单

2、词：English, apple, orange, egg, hour, America, Australia,island, umbrella,honest(诚实)，elephant,interesting，old，eight，excited 以元音音素开头的字母：a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x四、不定冠词的用法1. 表示泛指，指某类人或事物中的“一个”。例如：His mother is a nurse. 他妈妈是一名护士。 Give me a ruler, please. 请给我一把尺子。 2. 泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。（一般译为“一”

3、）。例如：A girl is looking for you. 有个女孩正在找你。 3. 表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。例如：I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 我有一张嘴，一个鼻子和两只眼睛。 Wait a minute. 等一下 4. 用在单数可数名词前面，表示泛指某一类人或物。例如：A horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。5. 表示“每一”，相当于every. 例如：I go to school five days a week. 我一周上五天课。6. 用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。例

4、如：I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one. 我已经有三本书，我想买第四本。7. 用在某些固定词组中。 例如：a lot (of) 许多，大量；after a while过一会儿五、定冠词的用法1. 特指某(些)人或某(些)物。例如：This is the house where Lu xun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子2. 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物 例如：Open the window，please. 请打开窗户。3. 用以复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用“the”） 例如：I

5、 have a car. The car is red. 我有一辆小汽车，它是红色的。4. 指世界上独一无二的事物。 例如：Which is bigger，the sun or the earth？哪一个大，太阳还是地球？5. 用在序数词，形容词最高级前。例如：The first lesson is the easiest one in this book. 第一课是这本书最简单的一课。6. 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如：the West Lake 西湖, the Great Wall 长城, the United States 美国, the United Nations 联合国 7

6、. 用在某些形容词前，使形容词名词化，表示某一类人。例如：the poor 穷人, the blind 盲人8. 用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“一家人”或“夫妻俩”。例如：the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻俩9. 用在方位名词前。例如：on the left 在左边，in the middle of 在中间10. 用在西洋乐器名称前。例如：She plays the piano every day. 她每天弹钢琴。11. 用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前。例如：the Black Sea黑海, the Yangtzi River长江, the working class 工

7、人阶级, the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党 12. 在句型“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”中要用the，而不用物主代词。 例如：take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂， hit sb. in the face 打某人的脸 13. the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物。 例如：The horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。 注意：像这类句子还有如下两种写法： A horse is a useful animal. Horses are useful animals. 14. 用在某些固定词组中：a

8、ll the same 仍然, all the time 一直, at the moment 此刻, at the same time 同时, by the way 顺便说说， do the shopping/washing 买东西/洗衣服， in themorning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上六、零冠词的用法1. 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词前一般不加冠词（在特指时加冠词） 例如：China 中国, Europe 欧洲, Money金钱, Music音乐, Lei Feng 雷锋, William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚 2. 可数名词前已有作定语的

9、物主代词（my, your, his, her等）、指示代词（this/these, that/those）、不定代词（some, any等）及所有格限制时。例如：my book(正)；my the book(误)3. 复数名词表示一类人或事物时。例如：They are teachers. 他们是老师。Tigers like meat. 老虎喜欢吃肉4. 在星期，月份，季节，节日前。例如：on Sunday在周日，in March在三月，in spring在春天，on Womens Day在妇女节(特例：如果月份，季节等被一个限定性定语修饰时，则要加定冠词：He joined the Army

10、 in the spring of 1982. 他在1982年春季参军。)5. 在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如：Tom， Mum， king， captain， president，chairman，leader等。 He is (/或the) captain of the team. 他是球队的队长。 As (/或the) chairman of the committee, I declare the meeting open. 作为委员会主席，我宣布会议开始。 6. 在学科名称、三餐饭、语言和球类运动名称前。例如： I have lunch at school every day.特例

11、：当football，basketball指具体的某个球时，其前可以用冠词：I can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。Wheres the football？那只足球在哪儿？(指足球，并非“球类运动”)表示语言的名词前一般不用冠词，但后面如果出现language一词，前面需加定冠词the。 (/) English=the English language (/) French=the French language 7. 在表特定的公园、街道、车站、桥、学校等之前。例如：No.25 Middle School8. 某些固定词组中不用冠词。(1) 与by连用的交通工具名称前：

12、by bus乘公共汽车， by car乘汽车， by bike骑/坐自行车， by train乘火车， by air/plane乘飞机， by sea/ship乘船， 但take a bus， in a boat， on the bike前需用冠词。(2) 名词词组： brother and sister兄弟姐妹， hour after hour时时刻刻， here and there到处(3) 介词词组：at home在家， at noon在中午，on foot步行， at night在晚上， on duty值日， at work在工作， on time准时， in class在上课， in

13、 bed在床上(4) go短语：go home回家， go to bed上床睡觉， go to school去上学， go to work去上班， go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼 七、用与不用冠词的差异in hospital住院 in the hospital在医院里go to sea出海 go to the sea去海边in front of在(外部的)前面 in the front of在(内部的)前面at table进餐 at the table在桌子旁by sea乘船 by the sea在海边go to school

14、上学 go to the school到学校去two of us我们当中的两人 the two of us我们两人(共计两人)next year明年 the next year 第二年八、冠词的位置1. 通常位置。冠词是帮助说明名词含义的词，在通常情况下，它总是放在名词前，若名词前带有形容词等修饰语，它则放在相应的修饰语前：He is a (famous) writer. 他是一名(著名)作家。2. 特殊位置(1) 若修饰名词的形容词受 too, so, as, how, however 等副词的修饰，则通常将不定冠词置于形容词与名词之前：She is as clever a cook as

15、her mother. 她跟妈妈一样做饭。It is too difficult a book for beginners. 那本书供初学者看太难了。Its so interesting a film that we all like it. 那部电影很有趣，我们大家都喜欢看。He didnt know how great a mistake he had made. 他不知道他自己犯了一个好大的错误。(2) 若单数可数名词前有such, what, many 等词修饰，不定冠词应置于它们之后：What a nice coat! 多漂亮的上衣啊!I have been there many a

16、 time. 我去那儿很多次。Ive never seen such a big apple. 我从未看到那样大的苹果。注：“many a单数可数名词”是一种较文的说法，在现代英语的口语或非正式文体中，通常用“many复数名词”代之。(3) 不定冠词与副词quite, rather 连用时，不定冠词通常置于其后，但若其后的名词前有形容词修饰，则不定冠词放在 quite, rather 之前或之后均可以：He is rather a fool. 他是个大傻瓜。( a 必须后置)It is quite a a quite good book. 那是本很好的书。但不能说：He is a rather

17、 fool. (因为名词前无形容词，所以错误)定冠词与quite 和 rather连用时，情况也是如此(即定冠词后置)：Youre going quite the wrong way. 你的路全走错了。Its quite the most interesting film Ive ever seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。(4) 与 both, all, half, twice等连用时，冠词通常应置于其后：I know both the brothers. 两兄弟我都认识。All the children have gone home. 所有的孩子都回家了。Half the worker

18、s are women. 一半工人是妇女。He left half an hour ago. 他是半小时前离开的。Yours is twice the size of mine. 你的是我的两倍大。九、不定冠词的省略与重复(1) 在不引起误会的情况下，两个并列名词中的后一个名词前的不定冠词可以省略：The noun is the name of a person or thing. 名词是人和物的名称。(2) 当两个并列名词指的是同一个人时，后一名词前的不定冠词通常省略：His father is a teacher and poet. 他父亲是位教师兼诗人。但如果要强调这两种身份，也可后一个

19、不定冠词：His father is a teacher and a poet. 他父亲既是教师，又是诗人。有时，由于两个并列的名词关系比较紧密、被视为一个整体，也可只用一个冠词：A man and woman are walking arm-in-arm. 一对男女手挽着手走着。(3) 两个形容词并列同时修饰一个名词时，若该名词指的是两个事物，则通常应分别使用两个冠词：We have a black and a white cat. 我们养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。(比较：We have a black and white cat. 我们养了一只黑白花猫。)但是，有时两个并列的名词只一个事物，为

20、了加强语气，也有了两个冠词：It was a cold and a dark night. 那是一个又冷又黑的夜晚。(4) 有些由两样东西构成的“自然成对”使用的事物，通常只在其前使用一个冠词：a knife and fork 一副刀叉 a cup and saucer 一副茶杯与茶托a horse and cart 一辆马车 a needle and thread 一根带线的针hire a car and driver 租一辆配有司机的汽车有时连第一个冠词也省略(尤其是与介词连用时)：with knife and fork 用刀叉(5) 当要对两个并列的名词进行选择和比较方面的强调时，通常应

21、重复两个冠词：Give me a pen, not a pencil. 给我一支钢笔，不是铅笔。Do you want a novel or a dictionary? 你是想要本小说，还是想要本字典？练习A. 在空格内填上a或an: ear actor hen toy university elephant hat umbrella rabbit idea hour honest boy interesting book easy question orange dress apple pie X-ray machine ice creamB. 用a, an, the或“/”填空：1. Wa

22、shington is capital of United States of America.2. There is “A”on his paper.3. tall man over there is my boss.4. No news is good news.5. earth moves around sun.6. Have you visited Great Wall?7. They often play football after school.8. Children need love and attention(关心).9. Are there any birds in sk

23、y?10. student in the third row is tallest in our class.11. Did you have breakfast this morning?12. Mr. White will go to Tokyo by air.13. By the way, do you know old woman in glasses?14. My sister will go to school in half hour.15. Greens are sitting at lunch table.16. pen on desk is mine. 17. old ma

24、n has two children, son and daughter. son is doctor and daughter is nurse.18. Beijing is city of China.19. She is old teacher.20. There is story book and blue pencil on the table.21. We often go skating in winter.22. She is American girl.23. Pass me glass of tea, please.24. Do you want apple or bana

25、na?25. She works in a shop. shop is near her home.26. Is a dog animal?27. There is egg and an apple on the table.28. What interesting book it is!29. Changjiang River is one of longest rivers in world.30. He speaks Japanese better than Chinese.C. 选择填空：1. The mother tells her little daughter old story

26、 every night. A. a B. / C. an D. the2. computer on the table is Susans. A. A B. An C. The D. /3. There is map of the world on wall. map is mine. A. a, a, A B. a, the, the C. the, the, The D. the, the, A4. Whites live on floor. A. /, there. B. A, third C. The, third D. The, the third5. Spring comes a

27、fter winter. A. /. / B. The C. The, the D. A, the6. I brought shoes yesterday. shoes are very beautiful. A. a, the B. a pair of, The C. the, The D. a pair, The pair7. He was soldier in the Second World War. A. a B. an C. the D. /8. She can play and . A. the tennis B. tennis, guitar C. the tennis, gu

28、itar D. tennis, the guitar9. I can see moon and clouds in the sky. A. the, a B. a, a C. the, / D. the, the10. “c” is in “cat”. “s” is in “sat”. A. An, An B. An, A C. A, A D. A, an11. Tiananmen Square is in Beijing. A. /. / B. A, / C. The, / D. /, the12. Can you tell me nearest bookshop? Go straight

29、and turn night at third crossing, and you will see it. A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, /13. I dont think she is honest student. A. a B. an C. such D. so14. Theres going to be English exam next week. A. an, a B. the, a C. an, / D. an, the15. Mike likes playing violin, but Tom likes playing ba

30、sketball A. the, the B. /, the C. the, / D. /, /16. umbrella is useful tool in a raining weather. A. The, the B. A, a C. An, an D. An, a17. book on the table is mine. A. / B. The C. An, D. A18. whale is largest animal in the world. A. A, a B. The, the C. A, the D. A, /19. The moon rises in east. A.

31、a B. an C. the D. /20. I like playing basketball and my brother likes playing violin. A./ ,the B. t/, / C. the, / D. the, the21. Now look at map of China. A. a, a B. the, a C. the, / D. a, the22. I have book. book is very interesting. A. a, A B. the, The C. /, / D. a, the23. March 8th is Womens Day.

32、 A. the, B. / C. an D. a24. Today is New Years Day. A. / B. the C. an D. a25. I have lunch at home. A. the B. a C. / D. an26. We are making paper from wood. A. the, the B. /, / C. a, a D. the, a27. He is student of Class Three. A. a B. / C. an D. the28.The boss is one-eyed man. A. a B. the C. an D.

33、/29. steel worker makes steel. A. a B. A C. An D. /30. We sleep in bed. A. the, B. a C. an D. /【中考链接】一、语法选择 Mr. King was a strange man. He liked travelling and animals very much. He founded his own empire(帝国). Mr. King lived with six hundred wild animals on the Greek Island of Kyklos. After he left

34、school, he 1 all over the world collecting animals for his own zoo. He hoped 2 two examples of every kind of animal on his island. 3 he was afraid that people would find him someday. In his spare time, he 4 books about his travels, and about his animals 5 he collected the money from the books and he

35、lped to pay for the food 6 these animals ate. One day, when Mr. King was out 7 drinking water, he found oil. He needed money for his travels and for 8 zoo, and a little oil would buy enough water for what he needed all his life, but he knew that if he told anybody else about it, it would be 9 end of

36、 zoo and his lifes work. So he decided 10 anyone about what he had found, because oil and water couldnt mix.( )1. A. has traveled B. had traveled C. traveled D. travels( )2. A. to collectB. collectingC. collectsD. collect( )3. A. Or B. And C. But D. So( )4. A. write B. writes C. wrote D. is writing

37、( )5. A. so that B. and that C. as to D. that( )6. A. whatB. who C. when D. which( )7. A. looks forward to B. to look at C. looking for D. looked after( )8. A. its B. his C. her D. their ( )9. A. a B. an C. the D.不填( )10. A. to not tell B. to tell not C. not telling D. not to tell二、阅读理解The Aborigine

38、s (澳洲土著) have lived in Australia for about 60,000 years. They painted pictures inside caves, and these are the rock paintings that have given us so much information about Aboriginal life. For example, some of the paintings that are about 10,000 boomerangyears old show men with boomerangs. From this

39、we know that the Aborigines started using boomerangs for hunting at that time. Other pictures show kangaroos, so we know that there were kangaroos at that time.The Aborigines believed that spirits made people, animals and plants, and that these spirits still live in the earth. For Aborigines, no one

40、 can own the earththe earth belongs to the spirits.In 1700, there were many Aboriginal groups with a population of 750,000 all over Australia, and there were probably more than 240 different Aboriginal languages. The groups did not have a leader. Instead, things were decided by the older men in a gr

41、oup. People from different groups often travelled hundreds of miles to meet each other.Aboriginal life changed when an English boat arrived in Australia in 1770. Many Aborigines were killed in the wars that they had with the English. More Europeans came, and they started taking land from the Aborigi

42、nes. The Europeans also brought new illnesses that killed the Aborigines. The result is that today there are only about 300,000 Aborigines in Australia.1. The Aborigines painted pictures _. A. on animals fur B. on the land C. on the tree D. on the rock2. What do you think the Aborigines used boomera

43、ngs to do? A. To paint. B. To hunt.C. To fight.D. To play.3. The Aborigines thought _ were the most important on the earth. A. people B. animals C. spirits D. plants4. In an Aboriginal group _ decided things. A. the older men B. the leaderC. the English D. the Europeans5. The number of the Aborigines is small today _. A. because their living condition was very bad B. because the English ki