高考英语改错题解题技巧与训练.doc

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1、1高考英语改错题解题技巧与练习一、高考英语改错题的题型特点：高考英语改错题一改传统的单句改错，代之以篇章为单位的短文改错。这不仅要求考生有更高的阅读理解能力，而且迫使考生摆脱孤立片面的思维定势，以一种连贯的思路、整体的眼光去适应这一题型。高考英语改错题为一篇短文，十道小题。错误类型的分布情况比较稳定。在十道小题当中，一般需改动 5-6 处，添加和删除共 3-4 处，不需改动即正确的为 1 处。高考英语改错题的另一显著特点是每小题只需改动或增删一词或一处(正确的小题除外)。二、正确的解题方法因为高考英语改错题是以篇章为单位的短文改错，这就要求考生有整体观念。因此，考生应先从头到尾通读全文，在正确

2、理解或大致正确理解甚至在猜想原文的前提下，再仔细推敲需要改正或添删的内容。找出错误并改正后，还需要再通读全文，从整体上来检查被改正后的短文意思是否通顺，逻辑概念是否严密合理，结构是否正确。三、错误类型笔者对 1996 年以来的高考英语改错题作了细致的分析并加以归类后，发现错误类型主要集中在以下方面。(为了既节省篇幅，又方便读者查阅原题，本文从历年的高考英语短文改错题中抽出句子为例，并在例句后注上出自哪一年的第几小题，如(1996.86)意为该例句出自 1996 年高考英语改错题的第 86 小题。另外，例句中非属某特定错误类型的错误已被笔者改正。)1、动词时态从过去 6 年的高考英语改错题来看，

3、每年都有时态错误的小题，而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据。(1)They offered me coffee and other drinks.We have agood time talking and laughing together.had(1996.92)(2)Dear Bob，Hello.I learn about you from my English teacher MissFang.learned(1997.86)(3)My favorite sport is football.I was a member of oursch

4、ool football team.am(1998.86)(4)I am happy with any programme but the others spent alot time arguing.was(1999.92)(5)I remembered her words and calm down.calmed(2000.83)(6)They did not want me to do any work at home；they wantme to devote all my time to my studies so that.do(2001.79)(7)The time passes

5、 quickly.Evening came.passed(2002.82)2、名词单复数单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一，改动的依据有：一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份；二是根据上下文的逻辑关系。(1)They were eager to know everything about China andasked me lots of question.questions(1996.94)2(2)We study quite a few subject，such asmaths，Chinese，English and physics.subjects(1997.91)(3)We practi

6、se three times every week and often watchfootball match on TV together.matches(1998.88)(4)She said that she and my schoolmate all wished mesuccess，but.schoolmates(2000.77)(5).；they want me to devote all my time to my studiesso that Ill get good marks inall my subject.subjects(2001.81)(6)On the way u

7、p I was busy taking picture since thescenery was so beautiful.pictures(2002.82)3、句子结构句子结构方面的错误范围庞大，解答高考英语改错题主要可以从以下几方面来思考：1)句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2)单词的词性与其在句中的功能是否相符；3)复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。(1)Theyeager to know everything about China and askedme lots of questions.(形容词不能单独作谓语)were(1996.93)(2)Id like

8、toyour penfriend，and get to know moreabout your country.be/become(1997.87)(Id like to.中的to为动词不定式的标志词，其后必须加动词原型)(3)I live in Beijing，where is the capital of China.which(1997.89)(关系词在定语从句中作主语，应该用关系代词)(4)Whatyour favourite sport？is(1997.94)(主系表结构中缺少连系动词)(5)I look forward to hear from you soon.hearing(1

9、997.95)(此句中to为介词，其后必须加名词，代词或动名词等相当于名词的词)(6)Play football not only makes us grow up tall andstrong but also.Playing(1998.89)(动词不能作主语)(7)Also，the sport teaches us the important ofobedience(服从).importance(1998.93)(形容词important不能作动词teaches的直接宾语)(8)I was often a little tired after a days work andwatch TV

10、 demands very little effort.watching(1999.88)(同(6)，动词不能作主语)(9)Unfortunate，there are too many people in my family.Unfortunately(1999.89)(作为全句的状语，应该用Unfortunate的副词形式)3(10).but it didnt matter that I would win or not.whether(2000.78)(由一般疑问句演变而来的主语从句，应由 whether 引导)(11)My parents love me dearly of course

11、 and will do allthey canmake sure that I get a good education.to(2001.78)(此句中all they can为all that they can do的省略形式，to makesure that.为动词不定式短语作目的状语)(12).，but we do not seem to get much time to talkabout together.about(2001.83)(介词about后无宾语，此介词多余)(13)It was about noonwe arrived at the foot of themounta

12、in.when(2002.78)(复合句的两个分句之间缺少连词)4、赘述高考英语改错题中的赘述是指在一些固定表达中或从上下文逻辑来看用了多余的词，从而使句子表达不合规范或造成逻辑上的重复。(注：带下划线的词为多余的词，即需删去的词)(1)Today I visited the Smiths-my first time visit to anAmerican family.time(1996.86)(2)In fact，they are planning to visit China in nextyear.in(1996.95)(3)First，let me tell you somethin

13、g more about myself.more(1997.88)(4)We practise for three times every week and oftenwatch football match on TV together.for(1998.87)(5)Now I cant watch much television，but a few years agoI was used to watch it every night.much(1999.86)(6)Whenever I see them I will often think of my Englishteacher.of

14、ten(2000.85)(7)I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment myhead touched the pillow.at(2002.85)5、固定结构(固定句型、固定短语、固定搭配)所谓固定结构是指英语中一些不能随意更改的习惯表达。如固定短语中的词不能冗缺，固定搭配要前后一致等。(1)It was very kind for them to meet me at the railwaystation and drove me to their home.of(1996.88)(2)I use to play ping-pong a

15、lot in my sparetime，but.used(1997.92)(3)Some wanted to see the programme while otherspreferred another.one(1999.91)(4).but the others spent a lottime arguing and.of(1999.93)4(5)When I was on the stage the next day，I felt sonervous as I shook like a leaf.that(2000.80)(6)Suddenly，I caught a sight of m

16、y English teacher inthe crowd.a(注：a 为需删去的词)(2000.81)(7)Like most of my schoolmates，I have neither brothersnor sisters-in any other words，I am an only child.any(any 需为删去的词)(2001.77)6、冠词英语中冠词只有三个，从高考英语改错题的角度来看，只能从以下几个方向出题：1)不定冠词 a 和an 互改；2)不定冠词 a 或 an 和定冠词 the 互改；3)根据需要增删冠词。(1)Today I visited the Smit

17、hs-my first visit to aAmerican family.an(1996.87)(2)Each player must obeycaptain，who is the leader ofthe team.the(1998.94)(3)Suddenly，I caught a sight of my English teacher inthe crowd.a(注：a 为需删去的词)(2000.81)(4)We may be one family and live under a sameroof，but.the(2001.82)(5)As everyone knows，itsfam

18、ous mountain with all kindsof plants and animals.a(2002.76)7、代词代词不仅要与其所指代对象一致，其运用还要符合上下文的语气及逻辑关系。(1)The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.their(1996.90)(2)And they must not break the rules too often if wewant to win the game.we(1998.95)(3)Now someone at home reads instead.everyone/everybod

19、y(1999.95)(4)The day before the speech contestEnglish teachertalked to me.my(2000.76)(5)It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of themountain.The three of them were very excited.us(2002.79)8、连词及与并置问题连词连接的前后两部分是否合乎逻辑；并列连词所连接的前后两部分结构是否等同。这两点是解答与连词及其相关问题的高考英语改错题的关键所在。(1)It was very kind of them

20、to meet me at the stationand drove me to their home.drive(1996.89)(2)Playing football not only makes us grow up tall andstrong but also give us a sense of fair play and teamspirit.gives(1998.90)(3)She was smiling but nodding at me.and(2000.82)5(4)I remembered her words and clam down.calmed(2000.83)(

21、5)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and aguest.or(2001.84)(6)The food was expensive and the service was good.but(2002.80)(7)As we climbed the mountain，we fed monkeys，visitingtemples and told stories.visited(2002.83)9、易混淆的词或词组易混淆的词既包括词意相同或相近的同义词、近义词，也包括外形相似、意义有别的词组。易混淆词或词组的辨析也是高考改错题中不容忽

22、视的部分。(1).but now I am interesting in football.interested(1997.93)(2)We must keep in mind that we play for the teaminsteadourselves.of(1998.92)(3)Now I cant watch television，but a few years ago Iwas used to watch it every night.was(注：was 为需删去的词)(1999.87)(4)Unfortunately，there are too many people amon

23、g my family.in(1999.90)(5)They did not want me to do any work at family；they want me to.home(2001.80)(6)Do they really understand their daughter？What things are in other homes，I wonder.How(2001.85)(7)Evening came down.down(注：down 为需删去的词)(2002.83)以上错误类型的划分不一定很科学，但至少能为考生解答高考英语改错题提供思考方法。一旦考生认清了高考英语改错题的

24、特点、解题方法以及错误类型，解题时就不会盲目从事，而能做到有的放矢。高考改错口诀（一）见到谓语找主语，主谓一致找状语见到名词想多数，可不可数要记牢见到平行看结构，形式功能要对称见到代词找指代，指代通常不合理小小 of 常抓的点，of 前名词 adj 最高级（二）谓与非谓经常混,谓语句中就一个其余动词非谓语,常见形式有三种ving ved 和 to do,主宾通常 ving现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动目的要用不定式,改错要想拿高分语法口诀要记牢（三）规则是说谎lieliedlied不规则是躺lielaylain躺过就下蛋laylaidlaid下蛋不规则6改错第一周周练01In Feb.2nd1

25、979,Chinas Vice-premier Deng Xiaoping was at a visit to the U.S.He was in the space flightcenter near to HoustonTexas.Sat in the pilots seat of a model of a space shuttle（航天飞机）,he was asked totouch a button to make it landing on the earth from a height of 95,000 feet,that he did.From windows of thec

26、raft,he could see the earthcoming up to meet him as a returned space pilot would see it.Millions of people inboth China and the US watch this on TV with delight.02Some Americans judge success on the length of his vacations.The man who gets a months vacation each yearconsider himself more successful

27、than the man gets two weeks.Many people want to be eachers because it isteachers who can get three-month vacation every year.Some college teachers who teach the three classesconsider themselves less successful than that who teach only one or two,or none in all.In short,the less workAmericans do,the

28、less successful they consider themselves.03A man with two bad burned ears went to see his doctor.“What has happened on you?”asked the doctor.“Well,my wife is ironing while I was watching a ball game on TV.She put on the hot iron near the telephone then myphone rang.I answered the iron instead of the

29、 phone.”The doctor nodded.“But what had happened to otherear?”The man said,“Hardly hadI hanged up,when the same person called upagain.”The doctor cant helplaughing when he heard this.04Dear classmates,Now Id like to tell you why I learn English.I oftenread English aloud and try learn something7impor

30、tant by hearts,which helps me remember it easily and form the good habit of thinking in English.I listento a lot and talk with others in English.In this way,I was improvedmy spoken English.I keep a diary inEnglish every day but my writhing English is becoming better and better.I also try my best to

31、master thenecessary grammar.With this means,I can express myself in English correct.Thats the way I have beenlearning English.I hope it will be useful to you.Thats all.Thank you.05Dear Li MingI have received your letter just now.Dont worry about me.Im getting on well with my research works inthe lab

32、.But to my surprise you say you will give up learn English.The reason is because you have not donewell in it recently and you have lost interesting.Im afraid I cant agree withyou.I know it isnot easy to learn English,and English is widely used in the world today and it will be important tool in thei

33、rfuture work.Besides,it is becoming more and more important in our daily life.If you study hard,and you willsucceed.Do remember that where there is a will there is a way.Im looking forward to hearing good news fromyou.06Dear Mary,I have received your E-mail just now.Dont worry about me.Im getting on

34、 well with my research works in thelab.But to my surprise you say you will give up learn EnglishThe reason is because you have not done well init recently and you have lost interest.Im afraid I couldnt agree with you.I know it is not easy to learn English,and English is widely used in the world toda

35、y and it will be importanttool in their future work.Besides,it isbecoming more and more important in our daily life.If you study hard,and you will succeed.Do rememberthat where there is a will there is a way.Im looking forward to hearing good news from you.807A boy who was cleaning the shoes in the

36、street said to a young man passed by,“Let me clean your boots.Itll spend you only a penny.”But the young man refused.Then the boy told him that he will clean his bootsfor nothing.The young man agreed,and soon a boot shining brightly.Then he put the other boot on the box,and the boy refused to clean

37、it unless he was paid two pence for his work.The young man refused to pay foranything and went away.But the well-cleaning boot made the dirty one so bad that he couldnt walk on.Hereturned back and gave the boy two pence.08I still remember my middle school life in Tianjin yet.I was then in a school f

38、or Students from Tibet.As wewere all left Home at early age,we met lots of problems in our daily life.We had to do the Washing,cleaningand shopping by us.However,we seldom felt lonely or helplessly.We enjoyed our happy life At weekends,wewould play basketball,swimming in the pool or go for a picnic.

39、We were living in a big family.We treat eachother as brothers and sisters.If any one of us had any difficulty in Our life and study,the other would help himout.It has been five years when we graduated,but those memories are as sweet as ever before09While visiting France,we decide to do some shopping

40、.Not far the hotel there was a shop with all kindsof clothing hang up.When we went into the shop,a woman came up and asked that she could help us,so we said that we would like to look around on our own.She looked at us rather strange.Not havingfound anything we needed,we thanked the woman and was le

41、ft.Suddenly my husband started to laugh,pointing to the small sign in English,which read:DRY-CLEANING SHOP.As you are a smoker,please dontsmoke here.10Dear Elli，9Im a senior studentI like make friends with people and I do my best to get on well to everyoneBut lastweek I found that one of my friend w

42、rote in her English diary that she unliked meShe doesnt want to be myfriend anyway Now she has started making fun of me because of Im fat I am kind to her but why cant she befriend towards me？My other problem is trying to lose weightDo I do more exercises？Use pills？And doyou know any other way？Pleas

43、e give me some advices11I got to the stadium early so as to find my seat easy.The performance begin at 7:30 p.m.,when all the seatswere taken.We,the audience,were so excited by the special sound of heavy metal which we couldnt helpcrying and jump.Suddenly I heard the sharp sound of an Ambulance and

44、saw a young man taken out of astadium He must have injured in the excitement,but this didnt stop the concert.It was still went on smoothly.When the performance was over,the singer thanked us to our enthusiasm(热情)and support.We kept cheeringfor him some time.To tell truth,Im really crazy about the he

45、avy metal music.Im sure Ill be a fan of thispopular type of music.12It was fine yesterday.The sun was shining in the sky.I went boating by myself.I didnt take man friends withme because I wanted to row alone.I hired a boat and rowed slowly to the center of lake.A fresh breeze wasblowing,fish was swi

46、mming and birds were singing.When I reached the center,I took up the paddles（桨）andlie down in the boat.With the blue sky over me or green water around me I was extremely relaxed.Over abouttwo hours passed in this way before I knew them.I came back home very late.I didnt feel tiring at all,for Ihad r

47、eally had a good time.1310Rowena and Billy Wrangler are model high school students.They study hard.They do extreme well onachievement tests.And next year,Rowena will attending Harvard University.Billy,her younger brother,hopeto go to Cornell.That makes Rowena and Billy different from most students i

48、s that they dont go to school.Infact,theyve never been to school.Since a kindergarten,they have studied at home.Neither Rowena or Billyfeels as if they have missed out on nothing by being taught at home.As many of the more than one millionpeople who receive home schooling in the United States,they f

49、eel if they have gotten a good education.14Mr Smith had neither wife nor children.He liked nothing but drinking.He almost spent all of his moneydrinks.Sometimes he was hungry but had to borrow some money to buy a little food.One evening he met afriend of him in the street.The man asked him to have d

50、inner in a restaurant.He was very happy that he dranktoo much.His friend stopped a taxi and ask the driver to take him home.Soon they reached in the door of hishouse.The taxi went away.But he couldnt put the key into the keyhole.Just then a policeman went up,offering to help him but he refused.“The