2016年考研英语(一)真题.pdf

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1、12016 年全国硕士研究生年全国硕士研究生招生招生考试英语（一）试题考试英语（一）试题Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or Don the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia,the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male.It may involve not onlyhis pare

2、nts and his friends,_1_ those of the young woman,but also a matchmaker.A youngman can_2_ a likely spouse on his own and ask his parents to _3_ the marriagenegotiations,or the young mans parents may make the choice of spouse,giving the child little tosay in the selection._4_,a girl may veto the spous

3、e her parents have chosen._5_a spouse hasbeen selected,each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying_6_a goodfamily.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair.Formerly it lasted three days,_7_ by the1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half.Buddhist priests of

4、fer a short sermon and_8_ prayers of blessing.Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,and _9_ cottonthreads soaked in holy water around the brides and grooms wrists,and_10_a kindle around acircle of happily married and respected couples to bless the_11_.Newlyweds traditionally movein with

5、the wifes parents and may_12_with them up to a year,_13_they can build a newhouse nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to_14_,but not common.Divorced persons are_15_ with somedisapproval.Each spouse retains_16_povertyhe or she_17_into themarriage,andjointly-acquired property is_18_equally.Divorced perso

6、ns may remarry,but a gender prejudice_19_up:the woman must wait ten months.The divorced male doesnt have a waiting periodbefore he can remarry_20_the woman must wait ten months.1.Aby way ofB with regard toC on behalf ofD as well as2.Adecide onBprovide forC complete withDadapt to3.AcloseBarrangeC ren

7、ewD postpone4.A In theoryB Above allC In timeD For example5.A UnlessB LestC AfterDAlthough6.A intoB withinC fromD though7.A orB sinceCbutD so8.A testBcopyC reciteD create9.A foldingB pilingC wrappingD tying10.A passingB lightingC hidingD serving11.AassociationB meetingC collectionD union212.A dealB

8、partC growD live13.A whereasB untilCforD if14.A avoidB followC challengeD obtain15.A isolatedBpersuadedC viewedD exposed16.A whereverB whateverC wheneverD however17.A changedB broughtC shapedD pushed18.A investedB dividedC donatedD withdrawn19.A warmsB clearsC showsD breaks20.A whileB so thatC in th

9、atD soSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Text 1France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion,has decided its fashion industryhas

10、 lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women.Its lawmakers gave preliminaryapproval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that“incite excessive thinness”by promotingextreme dieting.Such measures

11、have a couple of uplifting motives.They suggest beauty should not be definedby looks that end up impinging on health.Thats a start.And the ban on ultra-thin models seems togo beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death as some have done.It tells thefashion industry that it must take r

12、esponsibility for the signal it sends women,especially teenagegirls,about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans,if fully enforced,would suggest to women(and many men)that they should not letothers be arbiters of their beauty.And perhaps faintly,they hint

13、that people should look tointangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero orwasp-waist physiques.The French measures,however,rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture thatstill regards beauty as skin-deep and bone-showing.Under the law,using

14、a fashion model thatdoes not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a$85,000 fine and sixmonths in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment andidealized body types.In Denmark,the United States,and a few other countries,it is

15、 trying to set3voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure forenforcement.In contrast to Frances actions,Denmarks fashion industry agreed last month on rules andsanctions regarding the age,health,and other characteristics of models.The newly revised DanishFashio

16、n Ethical Charter clearly states:“We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact thefashion industry has on body ideals,especially on young people.”The charters main tool ofenforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week,which is run by the Danish

17、 Fashion Institute.But in general it relies on a name-and-shame methodof compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be thebest step.Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards ofa particular industry21.Ac

18、cording to the first paragraph,what would happen in France?A Physical beauty would be redefined.B New runways would be constructed.C Websites about dieting would thrive.D The fashion industry would decline.22.The phrase“impinging on”(Line 2,Para 2)is closest in meaning toA heightening the value of.B

19、 indicating the state of.C losing faith in.D doing harm to.23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?A The French measures have already failed.B New standards are being set in Denmark.C Model are no longer under peer pressure.D Its inherent problems are getting worse.24.Adesigner is

20、most likely to be rejected by CFW forA setting a high age threshold for models.B caring too much about modelscharacter.C showing little concern for health factors.D pursuing perfect physical conditions.25.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?A The Great Threats to the Fashion Ind

21、ustryB Just Another Round of Struggle for BeautyCA Dilemma for the Starving Models in FranceDA Challenge to the Fashion Industrys Body IdealsText 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country.In Britain this has4had a curious result.While polls show Britons rate“the co

22、untryside”alongside the royalfamily,Shakespeare and the National Health Service(NHS)as what makes them proudest of theircountry,this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but tosave“the beauty of natural places for everyone

23、forever.”It was specifically to provide citydwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience“a refreshing air.”Hills pressurelater led to the creation of national parks and green belts.They dont make countryside anymore,and every year concrete consumes more of it.It needs constant guardi

24、anship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment.Theconservatives planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing“off-plan”building where local people might object.The concept of sustainabledevelopment has been d

25、efined as profitable.Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planningwhere councils oppose development.The Liberal Democrats are silent.Only Ukip,sensing itschance,has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land.Its5Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror

26、into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses,factories and offices is where people are,in cities andtowns where infrastructure is in place.The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identifiedenough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone,with no intr

27、usion on greenbelt.What id true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that“housing crisis”equals“concreted meadows”is pure lobby talk.The issue is notthe need for more house but,as always,where to put them.Under lobby pressure,George Osbornefavours rural new-buid against urban renovation

28、 and renewal.He favours out-of-town shoppingsites against high streets.This is not a free market but a biased one.Rural towns and villages havegrown and will always grow.They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respectstheir character,We do not ruin urban conservation areas.Why ruin

29、rural ones?Development should be planned,not let rip.after the Netherlands,Britain is Europe most crowed country.half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence while still permitting low density urban living there is no doubt of the alternative-theco

30、rrupted landscapes of southern Portugal Spain or Ireland avoiding this rather than promoting itshould unite left and right of the political spectrum.26.Britains public sentiment about the countrysideA didnt start till the Shakespearean ageB has brought much benefit to the NHSC is fully backed by the

31、 royal familyD is not well reflected in politics27.According to Paragraph 2,the achievements of the National Trust are now beingA gradually destroyedB effectively reinforcedClargely overshadowedDproperly protected28.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragragh 3?A Labour is under attack for

32、 opposing development.B The Conservatives may abandon“off-plan”building.C The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.D Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29.the author holds that George Osborns preferenceA highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.B shows his disr

33、egard for the character of rural areas.C stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.D reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.30.In the last paragraph,the author shows his appreciation ofA the size of population in BritainB the political life in todays Britain6C the enviable urban li

34、festyle in BritainD the town-and-country planning in BritainText 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,”wrote Milton Friedman,aNobel prize-winning economist,“That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed toincrease its profits.”But even if you accept Firedm

35、ans premise and regard corporate socialresponsibility(CSR)policies as a waste of shareholders money,things may not be absolutelyclear-cut.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least whenthey are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain to

36、gether spend more than$15 billion a year on CSR,according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses inthree ways.First,consumers may take CSR spending as a“signal”that a companys products areof high quality.Second,customers may be willing to buy a companys prod

37、ucts as an indirect wayto donate to the good causes it helps.And third,through a more diffuse“halo effect,”whereby itsgood deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumerscan be affected by all thre

38、e.A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at briberyprosecutions under Americas Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA).It argues that sinceprosecutors do not consume a companys products as part of their investigations,they could beinfluenced only by the halo effect.The study found that,amon

39、g prosecuted firms,those with the most comprehensive CSRprogrammes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that itwas firms political influence,rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did

40、 not receive lower fines.In all,the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on itsmerits,they do seem to be influenced by a companys record in CSR.“We estimate that eithereliminating a substantial labour-rights concern,such as child labour,or increasing corporate g

41、ivingby about 20%results in fines that generally are 40%lower than the typical punishment for bridingforeign officials,”says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businessesought to spend on CSR.Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on

42、 the halo effect,rather than the other possible benefits,when they decide their do-gooding policies.But at leastthey have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law,evidence of goodcharacter can win them a less costly punishment.31.31.The author views Milton Friedmans statement a

43、bout CSR withA toleranceB skepticismC uncertaintyD approval732.According to Paragraph 2,CSR helps a company byAwinning trust from consumers.Bguarding it against malpractices.Cprotecting it from being defamed.Draising the quality of its products.33.The expression“more lenient”(Line 2,Para.4)is closes

44、t in meaning toA more effectiveB less controversialC less severeD more lasting34.When prosecutors evaluate a case,a companys CSR recordA has an impact on their decision.B comes across as reliable evidence.C increases the chance of being penalized.D constitutes part of the investigation.35.Which of t

45、he following is true of CSR,according to the last paragraph?A Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.B The necessary amount of companiesspending on it is unknown.C Companiesfinancial capacity for it has been overestimated.D It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.Text 43

46、6.ABCD37.ABCD38.ABCD39.ABC8D40.ABCDPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from thelist A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings.Markyour answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)A Create a new image o

47、f yourselfB Decide if the time is rightC Have confidence in yourselfD Understand the contextE Work with professionalsF Know your goalsG Make it efficientNo matter how formal or informal the work environment,the way you present yourself hasan impact.This is especially true in first impressions.Accord

48、ing to research from PrincetonUniversity,people assess your competence,trustworthiness,and likability in just a tenth of asecond,solely based on the way you look.The difference between todays workplace and the“dress for success”era is that the range ofoptions is so much broader.Norms have evolved an

49、d fragmented.In some settings,red sneakers ordress T-shirts can convey status;in others not so much.Plus,whatever image we present ismagnified by social-media services like LinkedIn.Chances are,your headshots are seen muchmore often now than a decade or two ago.Millennials,it seems,face the paradox

50、of being theleast formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding.It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this?How do we know when to invest in an upgrade?And whats thebest way to pull off one that enhances our goals?Here are some tips:41.Asan executivecoach,Iveseen imageup