肝素诱导的血小板减少症精选PPT.ppt
《肝素诱导的血小板减少症精选PPT.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《肝素诱导的血小板减少症精选PPT.ppt(45页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、关于肝素关于肝素关于肝素关于肝素诱导诱导的血小板减少症的血小板减少症的血小板减少症的血小板减少症第1页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二XIaXIIaIXaVIIa-III组织因子途径抑制物抗凝血酶IIa纤维蛋白原纤维蛋白蛋白C,蛋白S系统XaVIIIaVa内源性凝血系统外源性凝血系统凝血与抗凝系统凝血与抗凝系统第2页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二EpidemiologyEpidemiologythe chance of significant exposure to heparin exceeds 50%in hospitalized patientsacute coronary syndrome
2、(UA/MI)pulmonary embolismdeep venous thrombosis and prophylaxisatrial fibrillation/strokeheparinized pulmonary wedge cathetersPCIIABPSemi Thromb Hemost 1999;25 Suppl 1:57-60第3页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二U.S.Estimated Causes of Accidental DeathsU.S.Estimated Causes of Accidental Deaths 1000 100040,00040,00090,000
3、90,000Deaths per year第4页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Medication Errors Hospital AuditMedication Errors Hospital Audit%REFERENCE第5页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二血小板减少症(血小板减少症(血小板减少症(血小板减少症(HIT/HITSHIT/HITSHIT/HITSHIT/HITS)美国每年有美国每年有1200万人因肢体或肺部血栓、心脏病或血管成万人因肢体或肺部血栓、心脏病或血管成型术而接受肝素治疗型术而接受肝素治疗36万人发生万人发生HIT12万人出现血栓并发症(静脉、动脉)万人出现血栓并发症(静
4、脉、动脉)3.6万人死亡万人死亡 第6页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Heparin-induced ThrombocytopeniaHeparin-induced ThrombocytopeniaHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia(HIT),an antibody-mediated syndrome,is associated with significant morbidity and mortalityconsidered a rarity in the pastunrecognized by many cliniciansdiagnoses can be d
5、ifficult to confirmuntil recently there was no therapeutic options other than discontinuation of heparin第7页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二EpidemiologyEpidemiologythrombocytopenia is one of the most common laboratory abnormalities found among hospitalized patientsserologically proven HIT occurs in 1.5%to 3%of patient
6、s with heparin exposureN Engl J Med 1995;332:1330-5第8页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Cascade of events leading to formation of HIT Cascade of events leading to formation of HIT antibodies and prothrombotic componentsantibodies and prothrombotic 第9页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Bleeding and ClottingBleeding and Clottingthe most fear
7、ed consequence in these patients with a low platelet count is not bleeding but clottingpresent with mucocutaneous bleeding,ranging from petechiae and ecchymoses to life-threatening gastrointestinal and intracranial hemorrhage第10页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二ThrombosisThrombosisthrombosis is mostly venous not arter
8、ialmay result in bilateral deep venous thrombosis of the legspulmonary embolismvenous gangrene of fingers,toes,penis,or nipplesmyocardial infarction,strokemesenteric arterial thrombosislimb ischemia and amputationCirculation 1999;100:587-93Am J Med 1996;101:502-7Thromb Haemost 1993;70:554-61第11页,讲稿共
9、45张,创作于星期二Other Clinical FeaturesOther Clinical FeaturesSkin lesions at heparin injection siteSkin necrosisAcute platelet activation Acute inflammatory reactions(fever,chills,etc.)第12页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Skin NecrosisSkin NecrosisUsed with permission from Warkentin TE.Br J Haematol.1996;92:494497.第13页,讲稿共
10、45张,创作于星期二Venous Limb GangreneVenous Limb Gangrene Used with permission from Warkentin TE,Elavathil LJ,Hayward CPM,Johnston MA,Russett JI,Kelton JG.Ann Intern Med.1997;127:804812.第14页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Morbidity and MortalityMorbidity and MortalityHIT-associated mortality is high(about 18%)5%of affected
11、patients require limb amputationOvert bleeding or bruising is rare even with severe thrombocytopeniaAppropriate management can limit morbidity and mortality第15页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二HIT SyndromeHIT SyndromeType Inonimmunologic mechanisms(mild direct platelet activation by heparin)associated with an early(wi
12、thin 4 days)and usually mild decrease in platelet count(rarely 50%)count in the 50,000-80,000/mm range typical onset of 4-14 days occurs with any dose by any routepotential for development of life-threatening thromboembolic complicationsrarely causes bleeding第17页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Risks for HITRisks for
13、HITType Iintravenous high-dose heparinType IIvaries with dose of heparinunfractionated heparin LMWHbovine porcinesurgical medical patients第18页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Diagnosis of HITDiagnosis of HITabsence of another clear cause for thrombocytopeniathe timing of thrombocytopeniathe degree of thrombocytopeniaa
14、dverse clinical events(most often thrombocytpenia)positive laboratory tests for HIT antibodies第19页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Pathogenesis of Pathogenesis of Drug-induced thrombocytopeniaDrug-induced thrombocytopeniaCertain drugs(quinine,quinidine,sulfa antibiotics)link non-covalently to platelet membrane glycopr
15、oteinsvery rarely,IgG antibodies are produced that recognize these drug-glycoprotein complexesmacrophages remove the complexes causing severe thrombocytopenia第20页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Comparison of HIT and other Comparison of HIT and other Drug-Induced ThrombocytopeniaDrug-Induced Thrombocytopenia HIT Quini
16、ne/SulfaFrequency1/1001/10,000Onset5-8 days 7 daysPlatelet count20-150 x109/L 50%that begins after 5 days of heparin therapy,but with the platelet count 150 x 109/L,should also raise the suspicion of HIT 第23页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Common Laboratory Tests for HITCommon Laboratory Tests for HITTestAdvantagesDi
17、sadvantagesPAARapid and simpleLow sensitivity-not suitable fortesting multiple samplesSRASensitivity 90%Washed platelet(technicallydemanding),needs radiolabeledmaterial 14CHIPARapid,sensitivity 90%Washed plateletsELISAHigh sensitivity,High cost,lower specificity for clinically significant HITThromb
18、Haemost 1998;79:1-7platelet aggregation assay(PAA)serotonin release assay(SRA)heparin induced platelet activation(HIPA)第24页,讲稿共45张,创作于星期二Functional AssayFunctional AssayPlatelet aggregation assay(PAA)performed by many laboratoriesincubate platelet-rich plasma from normal donors with patient plasma a
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 肝素 诱导 血小板 减少 精选 PPT
限制150内