2021高考短文改错讲义-做题技巧及专题训练-教师版.doc

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1、目 录一、谓语动词3考点1时态前后不一致3考点2缺少谓语或谓语动词形式错误3考点3语态错误3考点4主谓不一致4考点5情态动词误用以及虚拟语气4二、非谓语动词5考点1动词不定式6考点2动词的ing形式6考点3动词的过去分词6三、名词8考点1单复数或所有格错误8考点2词性转换错误8四、形容词与副词9考点1形、副词或名词词性混淆10考点2形、副词错用10考点3修饰词错用或多余10考点4比较等级误用11考点5分词化形容词混用11五、代词12考点1人称不一致12考点2代词混用12考点3漏掉代词13六、关联词及行文逻辑14考点1关联词使用不14考点2多余或缺少连词14考点3介词与连词混用15七、介词16考

2、点1介词误用16考点2缺少介词16考点3多余介词17八、冠词18考点1漏掉冠词18考点2冠词错用18考点3多余冠词19九、专题强化练29一、谓语动词考点1时态前后不一致 典例1 When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. (全国)分析整个语境讲的就是过去的事情，所以think也是当时的想法，故应该用一般过去时。故think改为thought。典例2 In the mornings, it was full of students exercising. The view fro

3、m the back of the classroom is also splendid. Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees.(浙江)分析从前一句中的it was到后面一句的there was可以判断整个语境应该是一般过去时，所以将is改为was。典例3 A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop. (全国)分析句子的主语为A woman，谓语为saw，crying为宾补，and连接的是两个谓语，而不是两个宾补，所以te

4、lling应改为told。考点2缺少谓语或谓语动词形式错误典例1 We must found ways to protect our environment.(全国)分析情态动词must后应该跟动词原形，句中we与find之间为主谓关系，所以found应改为find。典例2 So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests.(大纲全国)分析able是形容词不能直接作谓语动词，其前应加be，be able to do sth.意为“能够做某事”。考点3语态错误典例1 Lots of studies have been shown

5、 that global warming has already become a very serious problem.(全国)分析studies与show之间为主动关系，所以应该去掉been。典例2 Tony was scared and begun to cry.(全国)分析was scared与begun为并列谓语，scared为形容词，表示过去的动作或状态，begin的过去式是began，所以begun改为began。典例3 Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.(新课标全国)分析tea与dr

6、ink之间为动宾关系，所以用被动语态，动词drink的过去分词为drunk。考点4主谓不一致 典例1 My dream school look like a big garden.(新课标全国)分析整篇短文的语境为一般现在时，而且主语为第三人称单数My dream school，因此谓语动词应用looks。典例2 The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.(辽宁)分析本句主语为The early morning barking，baking为不可数名词

7、作主语，故谓语动词have应改为has。考点5情态动词误用以及虚拟语气典例1 If you are me，would you talk to them？(四川)分析“如果你是我”这个假设一定是虚拟语气，表示与现在情况相反，所以are改为were。典例2 My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile，I found out that with more patience I must make my toys last. My attitude changed from then on.(新课标全国)分析must必须，一定，用在此处语境不合适。句意为：同时，我发现

8、耐心一些，我可以让我的玩具持久些。所以应用could/might。方法归纳做动词类改错题时，需注意以下几个方面：(1)判断一般现在时与一般过去时是否错用。(2)and，but，so，or等并列连词前后的时态是否一致。(3)除了时态，还要注意主谓是否一致。(4)看是否考查虚拟语气。(5)看谓语部分是否缺少动词，特别是be动词。(6)看动词的形式是否正确，尤其注意第三人称单数形式是否错用。(7)看主动语态和被动语态是否错用。改错(每小题1处错误)1As I tell you last time, I made three new friends here. (tell-told)_told_2My

9、 soccer coach retired last week. I wanted to do something special for him at his retirement party. My mum makes the best biscuits in the world，so I decide to ask her for help._decided_3Hello，boys and girls！Today，I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.(四川)_goes_4I was ta

10、king a train to Londons Victoria Station. I had noticed that the carriage was noisy and filled with people. (浙江)_去掉_5Suddenly.they were looked like rain！(陕西)_去掉_6Suddenly Mary，my best friend，asking me to let her copy my answers.(四川)_asked_7I wanted to give up，but my grandfather told me to wait a lit

11、tle longer. Finally，there were a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught.(陕西)_was_8Here I am in the middle of a city,350 miles away from our farmhouse. Do you want to know why we move last week？(浙江)_moved_9What I liked best were the free highspeed Internet connection in the room. I checked my

12、email messages every day.(陕西)_was_10I knew that they will be worried about me because I was so far away，and that my mother would not sleep if she knew.(浙江)_would_二、非谓语动词考点1动词不定式 典例1 Its been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been exp

13、eriencing.(四川)分析want后跟带to的不定式作宾语。故want与动词share之间加to。典例2 The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.(浙江)分析使役动词make后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补，即make sb. do sth.，表示“使某人做某事”，故felt改为feel。典例3 She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.(新课标全国)分析be used to doing是“习惯于干某事”，而u

14、sed to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”，由句意可知应把holding改为hold。考点2动词的ing形式典例1 After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found.(全国)分析从后面的谓语动词可知整个语境用的是一般过去时。所以在looks前面加主语是不行的，所以只能改为非谓语动词作after的宾语。故looks改为looking。典例2 Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，which might

15、not be served until 8 oclock at night.(新课标全国)分析分析句式结构可知句子的主语为Have tea in the late afternoon，所以应该用动名词形式作主语，即把Have 改为Having。考点3动词的过去分词典例 I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing.(陕西)分析此处考查的是with复合结构，photos与take在逻辑上是动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词。故把taking改为taken。方法归纳句中已有谓语动词，若再出现动词，又没有并列连词，注意考虑非谓语动

16、词形式，根据其在句中成分以及逻辑关系，来判断其形式是否正确。做短文改错时，需注意一下几个方面：(1)作主语或宾语不能用动词原形，通常改为ing形式或不定式。因在短文改错中，只能改一个词，如果主语是原形，就只能改为ing形式了。(2)熟记其后只能接ing或只能接to do作宾语的动词。(3)介词后要用动词的ing形式。注意区分to是介词还是不定式符号。(4)一些固定短语或句式中的非谓语动词形式。(5)根据非谓语动词或其逻辑主语的关系来确定用ing形式还是用ed形式。(6)别混淆谓语动词与非谓语动词。改错(每小题1处错误)1Weve been spending a lot of time sing

17、 in karaoke bars.(四川)_singing_2I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.(浙江)_sitting_3I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.(陕西)_just加to_4My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter！(陕西)_enjoyin

18、g_5One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire，have our barbecue.(陕西)_having_6It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside.(辽宁)_understand_7He wanted teach me about animals，insects and trees.(陕西)_want后加to_8Felt hungry，we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.(陕西)_F

19、eeling_9After think for some time，I let her copy my answers.(四川)_thinking_10He isnt good at talk but he gets on well with other people.(大纲全国)_talking_三、名词考点1单复数或所有格错误典例1 The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.(全国)分析由后面的定语从句we breathe可知，此处先行词的意思是“空气”，air当“空气”讲时为不可数名词。故airs改为air。典例2 One

20、 day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was.his parents were missing.Tony saw his parents.(全国)分析从后文可以看出Tony的父母一起和他去的商店，后文两次出现parents，所以应该将parent改为parents。典例3 When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.(新课标全国)分析根据句意可知，当我最后到达“我朋友的家”(my friends)，他借给我许多衣服。故frien

21、d应改为friends。考点2词性转换错误典例1 This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.(新课标全国)分析定冠词the后面应跟名词形式，故grow应改为growth。典例2 He has ruined his healthy.(辽宁)分析在形容词性的物主代词后应用名词，所以应把healthy改为health。方法归纳遇到名词首先注意区分名词是可数名词还是不可数名词；其次还可以根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。此外，还要注意名词的所有格。常考考点如下：,(1)在several，few，many，one of，a couple

22、of，three，one and a half，a large number of，scores of，dozens of等词语后，或虽没有这些词但语境提示我们，本应接复数可数名词的，但文中却用了单数。,(2)像advice，fun，homework，information，news，progress，equipment，furniture，baggage，luggage，jewellery，clothing等不可数名词是没有复数形式的，但在文中却用了复数。,(3)该用名词的所有格，而没有用。改错(每小题1处错误)1As I told you last time，I made three ne

23、w friend here.(四川)_friends_2My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass.(浙江)_sides_3Mum taught me some basic step of baking.(陕西)_steps_4Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barking. (辽宁)_times_5No one in the carriage had previously spoken to

24、or even noticed the ticketowner before. Yet they had so quickly offered the strangers their help.(浙江)_stranger_6For example，we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day._hours_7Today we had a chemistry test.The teacher was angry because we had the same answers in

25、the tests.(四川)_answer_8Within the next few minute，my grandfather also caught a fish.(陕西)_minutes_9You told me the name of different plants and their characteristics.(重庆)_names_10Mom，I know I have never expressed my thank to you before.(四川)_thanks_四、形容词与副词考点1形、副词或名词词性混淆典例1 Lots of studies have shown

26、that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.(全国)分析名词前应该用形容词作定语。故seriously应改为serious。典例2 Dad and I were terrible worried.(全国)分析worried为形容词化了的过去分词，修饰形容词应该用副词，所以应将terrible改为terribly。典例3 The fruits are small in size，but juicy and taste.(新课标全国)分析句中的small，juicy与taste并列，所以应该都用形容词，故将tast

27、e改为tasty。考点2形、副词错用典例1 Nearly five years before，and with the help of our father，my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果) in our back garden.(新课标全国)分析相对于说话时以前用ago；相对于过去的某个时间或动作之前才用before。故before改为ago。典例2 As a result，the plants are growing somewhere.(新课标全国)分析somewhere意为“某处”，而根据句意“植物到处生长”。故some

28、where应改为everywhere。典例3 I remember my grandfather very much.(新课标全国)分析“我对祖父的记忆非常好/清楚”，而非“多”。故much应改为well/clearly。考点3修饰词错用或多余典例1 Much rare animals are dying out.(全国)分析animals为可数名词复数形式，所以用many修饰，much只能修饰不可数名词。故Much改为Many。典例2 He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.(全国)分析此处为so.that句

29、式，所以much前用副词so修饰。故去掉very 典例3 We dont need to do so many homework.(新课标全国)分析homework为不可数名词，前面应用much修饰，因此把many改为much。考点4比较等级误用典例1 My mum makes the better biscuits in the world，so I decided to ask her for help.(陕西)分析由该句中的in the world以及前面的the可知此处应该用形容词的最高级。故better改为best。典例2 To make matters bad，now I have

30、 to share a room with my younger sister，Maggie.(浙江)分析to make matters worse使事情更糟糕的是，为固定搭配。故bad改为worse。考点5分词化形容词混用典例1 I am awfully tiring，but I know Ill never fall asleep.(浙江)分析由句意知，“我感到非常疲乏”，应用tired。故tiring应改为tired。典例2 Gradually，I became interesting in biology and chose to learn biology when I entere

31、d the college.(重庆)分析对感兴趣，应该用interested。故interesting应改为interested。方法归纳对于形容词和副词的考查，注意以下几点：(1)作定语、表语、补语，用形容词。(2)作状语，修饰动词、形容词、全句，用副词。(3)注意比较级与最高级的比较对象或范围；单音节形容词的比较级前，不可再加more。(4)注意many，much，(a) few，(a) little；very，so，(n)ever，hardly等修饰词的用法。改错(每小题1处错误)1On the lefthand side of the class，I could easy see th

32、e football field.(浙江)_easily_2I thought the biscuits were really well.(陕西)_good_3That is too much for us，considering how closely the houses are.(辽宁)_close_4Dont panic or get out of line and try to remain quiet and calmly.(四川)_calm_5Beside，Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day.(辽宁)_Besides

33、_6No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticketowner before.(浙江)_previously_7My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird.(陕西)_immediately_8Today we had a chemistry test.I found the test difficulty，but I tried hard to do it.(四川)_difficult_9After waiting

34、for about half an hour，I was beginning to get impatiently.(陕西)_impatient_10Whenever I think of the old days，I feel very happily.(重庆)_happy_五、代词考点1人称不一致典例1 We must find ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so，well live to regret it.(全国)分析从整个语境以及句子的主语来看应该把your改为our才能讲得通，也可以改为the。典例2 Clos

35、e to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.(浙江)分析with复合结构是作定语修饰park的，所以这里的代词是指的单数可数名词park，故them应改为单数it。考点2代词混用典例1 My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target.(陕西)分析从My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their

36、arrows at the bird可知，射出去的箭不仅仅两支，因此应把Neither改为None。典例2 He had a deep voice，which set himself apart from others in our small town.(新课标全国)分析当宾语和主语是一个人时，宾语一般用反身代词形式，此句的主语which指的是前面的整个句子，所以应把himself改为him。考点3漏掉代词典例 Five minutes later，Tony saw parents.(全国)分析句意为：5分钟后，Tony看见了他的父母。所以没有限定词his句意不够完整。故在parents前加

37、上his。方法归纳对于代词的考查，要注意一下几点：(1)顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指代关系，注意联系上下文，要注意人称一致、单复数一致以及性别的一致关系。(2)注意人称代词格的误用，以及物主代词、反身代词或疑问代词等的错用。(3)系统掌握it的各种用法。(4)准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用。改错(每小题1处错误)1I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.(陕西)_something_2Its been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many.(四川)

38、_much_3In fact，I dont like to go anymore，but Im afraid Ill lose their friendship. What do you think I should do？If you were me，would you talk to him？(四川)_them_4We appreciate our apologies and goodwill，but we hope that you can figure.(辽宁)_your_5Then everyone in the carriage began searching for the ti

39、cket，which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner.(浙江)_its_6The understanding between two friends means both of them have similar ideas and trust each other. Otherwise，it is impossible for him to help each other and to make their friendship last long._them_7If its a false alar

40、m and there is no fire，your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.(四川)_you_8We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake.(陕西)_our_9I was eager to see him，but outside her room I stopped.(辽宁)_her_10After thinking for some time，I let her copy my answers. But after the test，all of us were cal

41、led to the teachers office.(四川)_both_六、关联词及行文逻辑考点1关联词使用不典例1 After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.(全国)分析句意为：他转过身发现父母不见了。由句意可知宾语从句句意完整，不缺少成分，所以应该用that引导从句或省略。故去掉where或将where改为that。典例2 There the air is clean or the mountains are green.(全国)分析两个

42、简单句之间为并列关系而非选择关系，所以将or改为and。考点2多余或缺少连词典例1 Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year，but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.(新课标全国)分析在让步状语从句中，although不可以与but连用，因为although位于句首，故只能去掉but或将but改为yet。典例2 He had a deep voice，which set him apart from other

43、s in our small town，he was strong and powerful.(新课标全国)分析句中which引导的是定语从句，修饰主句He had a deep voice，而主句与从句后的分句he was strong and powerful之间缺少连词，根据他们的并列关系，确定he前加and。考点3介词与连词混用典例 In fact，he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.(新课标全国)分析句中during为介词，不可以连接两个独立谓语的

44、句子，根据逻辑关系，后一个分句应为when引导的时间状语从句。故during应改为when。方法归纳对于连词的考查，注意首先判断两个或两个以上的单词、短语或单句之间是否有连接词，再根据不同的句式结构，判断连接词是否运用正确。解题时，可以注意以下几个方面：,(1)把握前后两句话之间的衔接关系，判定是并列句、主语从句、定语从句还是状语从句，根据连接词在句中作何成分，判断正误。,(2)注意but转折、and并列、or或者(选择)、so因此(结果)等逻辑关系词之间的混用。,(3)注意although/though/while不与but连用；since/as/because不与so连用。,(4)注意but与and，and与or，or与so，after与before，which与that，which与what等连词的用法区别。改错(每小题1处错误)1How do y