小学英语语法知识点汇总-精讲(21页).doc

《小学英语语法知识点汇总-精讲(21页).doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《小学英语语法知识点汇总-精讲(21页).doc（21页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、-小学英语语法知识点汇总-精讲-第 20 页小学英语知识点梳理 精讲巧练一、 名 词表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was；1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”：a一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds b以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watchesc以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberr

2、y-strawberriesd以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives ，thief-thieves；e以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况1）有生命的+es 如：mango-mangoes potato -potatoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes2) 无生命的+s 如：photo-photos radio-radiosf. 名词的复数形式的不规则变化1）man-men woman-women child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice goose-geese 2) 单复数同形的名

3、词，如：deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese3）还有一些名词本身就是以复数形式出现的。如:shorts , jeans, socks, clothes, trousers, shoes2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice判断步骤： 如是am、is或was原形读句子读该单词认识该单词理解意思看be动词 如是are或were加s或es练一练1、写出下列各词的复数。 I_him_this_ her_

4、 watch_ mango_child _ photo _ diary _day_ foot_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _ thief _ engineer_ peach_sandwich_ man_ woman_ leaf_ people_2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。（1）Are there two ( box ) on the table?（2）I can see some ( people ) in the cinema.（3）How many ( day ) are there in a week?（4）Herere five (

5、 bottle ) of ( juice ) for you.（5）This ( violin ) is hers. Those (grape) are over there.二、冠 词冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。1、不定冠词：a、an。用在单数名词前，表示“一个，一件”。an用在以元音“音素”开头的单词前。如： an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an houra 用语辅音音素开头的单词前，如：a book, a pen2、定冠词：the用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。它的基

6、本用法： （1）用来表示特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：The map on the wall is new. （2）表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture, please. （3）表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful. （4）用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun太阳 the moon月亮 the earth地球 （5）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Great Wall长城 （6）用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如：the Changjiang River

7、长江 （7）此外，序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词the， 如：the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class练一练1、用a或an填空。_ “U”_ ice-cream_ goalkeeper_ teapot_apple_office _English book _umbrella _unit_hour 2、根据需要，填写冠词a，an或the。（1）Who is_girl behind_tree?（2）_old man has two children,_ son and_daug

8、hter.（3）This is_ orange._ orange is Lucys.（4）He likes playing_guitar. We have_same hobby.（5）We all had _good time last Sunday.（6）She wants to be_ doctor.三 数 词基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。区别：基数词前面没有“the”；序数词前一定要有“the”。1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如：21 twenty-one2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上and。如：101 a/

9、one hundred and one3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时，一定别忘了它的复数形式。如：十八个男孩 eighteen boys4、用基数词修饰不可数名词时，如是复数，变它的量词为复数。如：两碗米饭 two bowls of rice5、序数词一般加“th”，特殊的有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth “第几十几”：前面整十不变，后面“几”改为序数词。如：88 eighty-eighth练一练1、请翻译下列短语。 （1）60名学生 （

10、2）15本英语书 （3）九杯凉水 （4）4个孩子 （5）12月31 （6）6月2日 （7）第九周 （8）40年前 （9） （10）第一天 2、把下列基数词改成序数词。one- two- three- nine-fourteen-twenty- thirty-five-eighty-one- five-四、代 词指示代词：指示说明近处或远处、上文或下文、以前或现在的人或事物单数 复数 含义This(这个) these(这些) 指较近的人或物That(那个) those(那些) 指较远的人或物注意：打电话时用this介绍自己，that询问对方，如This is Kate speaking. Who

11、 is that?人称代词：1、人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）；宾格在句中做宾语，多 用于动词、介词后。3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，后面一定要跟名词，表示该名词是属于谁的。4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如： This is my bag. = This is mine. That is her ruler. = That is hers. 一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。 请牢记下表：单数复数人称 代词主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾

12、格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主 代词形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs练一练1、按要求写出相应人称代词。I（宾格）_ she（形容词性物主代词）_ we（名词性物主代词）_ he（复数）_us（单数）_ theirs（主格）_ its（宾格）_ 2、想一想，把下表补充完整。人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称meusour第二人称youyou第三人称hethemhistheirheritits3、用所给词的适当形式填空。1）T

13、hat is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I )2）The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3）Is this _ watch? ( you ) No, its not _ . ( I ) 4）_ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he ) 5）_ dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are _? ( you ) 6）Show _ your kite,

14、OK? ( they ) 7）I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it ) 8）Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they ) 9）Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we ) 10）_ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _is a nurse. ( she ) 11）Where are _? I cant find _.

15、Lets call _ parents. ( they ) 12）Dont touch _. _is not a cat, _ is a tiger! ( it )13）_ sister is ill. Please go and see _. ( she ) 14）The girl behind _ is our friend. (she)五、形容词、副词1、形容词表示某一事物或人的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级构成方法原级比较级（表示两个人、物之间进行比较时），由比较级+than构成最高级（大于等于三个人、物之间进行比较），由the+形容词或副词最高级一般在词

16、尾加-er,esttall, long, oldtaller, longer, oldertallest, longest, oldest以e结尾的词,直接加-r,estnice, fine, largenicer, finer, largernicest, finest, largest以辅音y结尾的词,先把y改成i，再加-er,estbusy, early, easybusier, earlier, easierbusiest, earliest, easiest以“辅元辅”结构结尾的词，先双最后一个辅音字母，再加-er,estbig, hot, red, thinbigger, hott

17、er, thinnerbiggest, hottest, thinest少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er,estclever, narrowcleverer, narrowercleavest, narrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more, mostimportant, easily more important, more easilymost important, most easily常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级: 原级-比较级-最高级 good/well-better-best many-more-most much/many-more-mos

18、t little-less-least bad/badly/ill-worse-worstold-older/elder-oldest/eldest far-farther, further-farthest, furthest练一练1、写出下列形容词、副词的比较级、最高级big good long tall old short thin heavy young fat light strong high far low early late well fast slow 2、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1) I can swim as_ ( fast ) as the fish, I t

19、hink.2) Look! His hands are_ ( big ) than mine.3) I think you do these things_ ( well ) than your classmates.4) Whose bag is_ ( heavy ), yours or mine?5) Does Jim run as_（slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs_ ( slow ) than them.6) You have seven books, but I have_ ( many ) than you. I ha ve ten.7) I

20、jump_ ( far ) than some of the boys in my class.8) Im very_ ( thin ), but shes_ ( thin ) than me.9) It gets_and_ ( warm ) when spring comes here.六、介 词1、是虚词，不能单独使用，它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语，才能在句子中起作用。有：in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of, 2、表

21、示时间的介词有：at, on, in。（1）at表示“在某一个具体的时间点上”，或用在固定词组中。如：at ten oclock, at 9:30 a.m., （2）on表示“在某日或某日的时间段”。如：on Friday, on Monday morning, on May 1st(3）in表示“在某一段时间（月份、季节）里”。如：in the afternoon, in September, in 20053、in一词还有其他的固定搭配，如：in blue（穿着蓝色的衣服），in English（用英语表达）练一练1、选用括号内恰当的介词填空。1) Whats this_ ( at, on

22、, in ) English?2) Christmas is_ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.3) The man_ ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hais father.4) He doesnt do well_ ( at, on, in ) PE.5) Look at those birds_ ( on, in ) the tree.6) We are going to meet_ ( at, on, in ) the bus stop_ ( at, on, in ) half past ten.7) Is there

23、a cat_ ( under, behind, in ) the door?8) Helens writing paper is_ ( in, in front of ) her computer.9) We live_ ( at, on, in ) a new house now.10) Does it often rain_ ( at, on, in ) spring there?2、圈出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词，并将正确的答案写在横线上。1) Jim is good in English and Maths. 2) The films were in the ground just n

24、ow. 3) They are talking to their plans.4) How many students have their birthdays on May? 5) Womens Day is at the third of March. 6) I can jog to school on the morning. 7) Did you water trees at the farm? 8) Can you come and help me on my English? 9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning.10) What d

25、id you do on the Spring Festival? 七、动 词这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括be动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词 动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法： 先用“一（量词）”（如：一个、一张等）和这个词连起来说，如说得通，一般认为是名词；说不通再用“很”去判断，就是把“很”和为个词连起来说，说得通一般就是形容词；都说不通就是动词。（目前我们学过的，以后可能不同）（另外一些很明显的，如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道） 1、be动词（ am, is, are, was, were ）1）amwas, is was, are-

26、were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。2）肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. 3）一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it

27、is. No, it isnt. 4）be动词的否定形式：am not（没有缩写形式），are not = arent ，is not = isnt 。练一练1、用be动词的适当形式填空。1）I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2）The girl_ Jacks sister. 3）The dog _ tall and fat. 4）The man with big eyes _ a teacher.5）_ your brother in the classroom?6）How _ your father? 7）Mike and Liu Tao _ at

28、school.8）Whose dress _ this? 9）Whose socks _ they? 10）Who _ I? 11）The jeans _ on the desk. 12）Here _ a scarf for you. 3）Here _ some sweaters for you. 14）The black gloves _ for Su Yang. 15）This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 16）The two cups of milk _ for me.17）Some tea _ in the glass. 18）Gao shans s

29、hirt _ over there.19）My sisters name _Nancy.20）_ David and Helen from England?21）There _ a girl in the room. 22）There _ some apples on the tree.23）_ there any apple juice in the bottle? 24）There _ some bread on the plate.25）You, he and I _ from China.26）There _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten wo

30、men in the park. 2、助动词（ do, does, did ）do, does用于一般现在时，其过去式did用于一般过去时。它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。它们的否定形式：do not = dont, does not = doesnt, did not = didnt。注意：在一般现在时中，does用于第三人称单数，其余一律用助动词do；助动词do, does, did后面一定要用动词原形。练一练1、用适当的助动词填空。1) _you like this magazine? 2) The girl_like bread for breakfast.3) -What_ she_

31、at the weekends? -She usually plays games with her friends.4) -Wha_ you do last Sunday? -I wrote to my friend.5) -Did you see a Beijing opera? -No, I_.6) He_not visit a farm last National Day holiday. 7) They_ not like playing volleyball.8) -_Jim have a picnic with his family every Saturday? -Yes, h

32、e .9)_Helen and Yang Ling go to school on foot every day?10) -How many kites_we have? -We have ten.2、找出下列句子中的错误，将序号填入题前括号内，并改正。( ) 1) Did you had a big lunch with your family last Spring Festival? A B C( ) 2) -What do the boy have in his pencil-box? -He has a rubber. A B C( ) 3) They doesnt like the

33、 film. A B C( ) 4) Do Jim get up at six everyday? A B C( ) 5) Dont giving the ball to Liu Tao. A B C3、情态动词情态动词也是一类特殊的动词，平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。我们现在学过的情态动词有：can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、might 、must。注意：情态动词后动词总是用原形。（不受其他任何条件影响）其否定形式：can not = cant, must not = mustnt, 注意：may not和s

34、hall not（无缩写形式）练一练选择填空。( ) 1) The sign on the wall means you_stay away from the building. A. must B. cant C. shouldnt( ) 2) How many books_ you see on the desk? A. may B. can C. should( ) 3) It means you_ make noise in the library. A. should B. shouldnt C. can( ) 4) -_you like a glass of milk? - Yes

35、, please. A. May B. Could C. Would( ) 5) -_you see the sign over there? - Sorry, I cant. A. Can B. Cant C. Should( ) 6)_ we go to the park by bus? A. May B. Must C. Shall 4、行为动词 就是我们平时上课时说的动词，表示某一动作或行为。如：sweep、live等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式：原形、第三人称单数+s/es、现在分词（也叫动名词）+ing、过去式+ed。 （1）动词第三人称单数变化规则：A、一般直接加“s”，如

36、：play plays, visit visits, speak speaks ；B、以“s”，“x”，“sh”，“ch”结尾时，加“es”，如：catch catches, watch watches ；C、以“辅音字母+y”结尾时，变“y”为“i”再加“es”，如：carry carries, study studies 。（2）现在分词（动名词）构成规则：A、一般直接加“ing”，如：go going, do doing, look looking ；B、以不发音的“e”结尾的单词，去“e” 加“ing”，如：take taking, make making, have having ；C、以重读闭音节结尾的词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需要双写这个字母再加“ing”，如：put putting, stop stopping, run running, get getting, s