教学课件 现在完成时态.ppt

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1、现在完成时态,现在完成时,主菜单,上一页,下一页,现在完成时的构成,现在完成时的主要用法,现在完成时的时间状语,短暂性动词与时间段的关系,have been 与have gone 比较,与一般过去时的用法比较,现在完成时的构成,主菜单,上一页,下一页,助动词have (has）+ 过去分词,1.肯定句 主语+ have（has）过去分词 注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。,他已经吃了早饭.,现在完成时的句式,2.否定句,主语+havent/hasnt过去分词,3.一般疑问句,Have/Has+主语+ 过去分词,Yes，主语(代词主格)+

2、have/has,No， 主语+havent/hasnt,Has he eaten breakfast? Yes ,he has . No, he hasnt.,He has eaten breakfast.,He hasnt eaten breakfast.,总结过去分词的变化规则,A:规则变化,直接在原形后+ed work play 词尾是e时，直接加d liked 若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则变y为i加ed。 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母加ed.,eg：stopped dropped shopped planned preferred chatted,carry-c

3、arried study- studied,want, work, need, clean like, live, use, movestop, tripdrop plan study, carry, hurry, marry,wanted,worked,needed,cleaned,liked,lived,used,moved,stopped,tripped,dropped,planned,studied,carried,hurried,married,B不规则过去分词的构成,上一页,下一页,ABB,AAA,ABC,ABA,cost cost cost read read read,meet

4、 met met catch caught caught,ride rode ridden speak spoke spoken drink drank drunk eat ate eaten,come came come run ran run become became become,现在完成时的主要用法,一.表示过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。,上一页,下一页,He has ever read the book. (他读过这本书。),I have already finished my homework. (我已经完成了家庭作业。),主菜单,A:这类词常强调动作完成,不

5、强调动作的持续 already（已经，还，肯定句） yet（否定句，疑问句） never（从来没有） ever (曾经) twice （两次） recently(近来） before（句末） just （刚刚） so far (到目前为止) in the last few years (在过去的几年里),1. He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However. he _ yet. A. didnt arrive B. doesnt arrive C. isnt arriving D . hasnt arrived 2.China dev

6、elops so fast. Thats true. It _ a lot already. A. changes B. changed C. will change D. has changed 3.- Why wont you go to the movie with me, Gina? - - Because I _ it twice. A. see B. have seen C. saw D. will see,现在完成时态句中常见的时间状语,D,D,B,二.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延 续到现在的动作或状态,但动作或状态可能仍在继续。,上一页,下一页,She has lived h

7、ere since she was born. 自从她出生时就一直住在这儿。,I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。,现在完成时的主要用法,主菜单,一、for一段时间 （two weeks/six months/five days）for短语表示动作延续多长时间 。 He has taught in this school for four years. （我们认识有二十年了。） I havent seen her for a long time. （我好久没有见到她了。）,上一页,下一页,主菜单, 二、since

8、 Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. （1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。） I have known Daniel since 7 years ago. 自从7年前我就认识丹尼尔。 Hes learned about 500 words since he went to college.（他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词）,上一页,下一页,主菜单,选用 for和 since填空: 1.We havent seen each other _ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10

9、years ago. 3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years. 6. Its five years _ we met last time.,for,since,for,since,for,since,下一页,上一页,主菜单,非延续性动词与时间段的关系,非延续性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become, begin, buy, borrow, ar

10、rive, come/go, die, fall, finish, get to know, join, leave, marry 等。,上一页,下一页,为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词”来代替短暂性动词.（如下表）,主菜单,5.短暂动词和 延续动词转换,be,be over,be back,be away (from),be open,be on,be over,be dead,be closed,be in/be a/an,be married,borrow keep buy have, die be dead, begin/start be on leave be away (

11、from), come /go be in /at, get married be married join be in /a member of arrive be in/at,下一页,上一页,主菜单, 翻 译 练 习： 1.我买了这块手表五年了。 2.这位老人已经死了十年了。,I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago.,The old man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead

12、for ten years/since 10 years ago.,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,3.他已经回来三天了。 4.我离开家乡已十年了。,He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago.,I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years.,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,改 错 1. The film has began for an hour. . 2. I have bor

13、rowed this book for two weeks. 3. Kitty has bought a book since last week. 4. Our manager isnt in today. He has been to Guangzhou.,been on,kept,gone,下一页,上一页,主菜单,had,have been 与have gone 的用法比较,have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,That

14、man cant be our headmaster, because he has gone to Japan. 那个人不是我们的校长，因为他去日本了。 I have been to Beijing twice . 我去过北京两次 -Where is she? -She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,C. 用have gone或 have been Where are the boy students ? They _ to the school factory. Is your father in ? No, he _ to Shenz

15、hen. _he ever _ there before ? Yes, he _ there several times 3) He asked me if I _ to Hangzhou before. I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I _ never _ to that city before. 4) My brother _the Great Wall three times . 5) I want to return the book to Jack, but I cant find him. - He _ th

16、e library. You can find him there.,have gone,has gone to,Has been,has been,have been,have been,has been to,has gone to,现在完成时与一般过去时的区别,现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。,He has lived in Beijing since 1999. 自1999年以来他一直住在北京。 （说明他现在仍然

17、在北京。） He lived in Bejing in 1999. 在1999年的时候他在北京住过。 （现在是否住在北京不知道）,eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。,上一页,下一页, 第一句用现在完成时时态，意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典” 。,第二句用过去时只

18、叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。,主菜单,二.一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 1.一般过去时的时间状语有: yesterday ,last week,一段时间ago, in 1980（过去时间）, in October ,just now, a moment ago.,上一页,下一页,主菜单,eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago.,We finished our task last week .,上一页,现在完成时练习,主菜单,动 词 填 空： 1._ yo

19、u already_ (clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. 2 When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,下一页,上一页,主菜单,3. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting. 4. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. 5. How _ she _(go) there yesterday? She _(go) there by air.,ha

20、ve read,has gone,did,go,went,下一页,上一页,主菜单,动 词 填 空： 1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago. 2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there?,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,Has,seen,did,see,saw,have,been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,