自学考试英语专题：英语语法考前冲刺5.doc

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1、What are the coherent devices in the chapter? (资料P18)(1) reference(2) substitution(3) ellipsis(4) transition(5) repetition(6) parallelismWhat are the three major coherent devices in the chapter? (资料P18)(1) reference(2) substitution(3) ellipsis工具词Reference 中会用的词：all, each, everyone, anyone, who, whic

2、h, what, this, that, these, those(the, here, there, then)Substitution 中会用的词: one, ones, do, does, did, done, so, not以下例句要好好看看（每年都会有原题）可能考填空Reference 1. They are always raising the prices. (exophoric reference)2. Wow, youve got a huge house. I didnt expect it to be so big. (anaphoric reference)3. Lis

3、ten. This is what I want you to do now. Go back to your room, put away the toys, wash your hands and come back to the table in ten minutes. (cataphoric reference)4. Look at the man. I think hes the person wanted by the police.5. My wife and I are going to dine out this evening. In fact, we do it eve

4、ry weekend.6. John told me youve invited him to your party. Do you think you also need to invite his wife?7. This is the second time in the week your car has broken down. Why not use mine?8. She asked her students what they usually did after school. Each gave her a different answer.9. He tried to se

5、ek support from his friends. However, all turned their backs on him.10. Both Bob and Ron seem to be perfect candidates for the position. I dont know who I should choose. Either way Ill lose a good manager.11. I have both tea and coffee. Which do you prefer?12. . Which is all Peter wanted me to tell

6、you.13. She wont be back until you promise to give her a pay raise. Thats exactly what she wants.14. She is not happy with my decision to marry Linda. This is probably the reason that she refuses to talk to me.15. Dont tell me well have hamburgers, sandwiches or hot dogs for lunch. I like none of th

7、ese.16. They finally arrived at an agreement to stop fire. That agreement saved the country from war.17. When my grandfather was asked to tell us a story, he would began like this: a long, long time ago18. He bought a car and a house. The car was huge and the house was small, so small that sometimes

8、 hed prefer to sleep in the car.19. Last year we went to Denver for a holiday. The holiday we had there was the best weve ever had.20. They moved to London shortly after they got married. There they stay.ed for the rest of their lives.21. We all felt happy when we came back home after a long journey

9、. Only here could we feel totally relaxed.22. He quit Harvard before he got his degree. He just didnt feel like studying in university and didnt realize then his decision was going to change his life.23. They all think you should quit. I have a different suggestion if you still have any patience to

10、listen to me.24. I like this car except for the price. If only it were not so expensive.25. John is both stupid and lazy. His brother is no better.Substitution (P386)26. I like this car, but I cant afford it. (reference)27. I want a care, but I cant afford one. (substitution)28. Neither Bill nor Pau

11、l proves to be a satisfactory presidential candidate: The former keeps telling lies and the latter is a complete bore. （考试可能考原句填空）29. My car is too small. Lets rent a bigger one.（考试可能考原句填空）30. He sold his old house and bought a new one the next day.31. The old people are retiring and the younger one

12、s are taking over.32. I know I need a good car, but I cant afford one.33. You seem to be proud of your secretary. I dont think Ill ever need one.34. A: Can I have these apples, Mum?B: You just had a big one.35. A: Can I have these apples, Mum?B: Yes, but you can have one (apple) and give the rest to

13、 your little brother.36. A: You dont like dishonesty, do you?B: Of course not. Actually, nobody does.37. A: Have you finished all the essays?B: I have done one, but thats all so far.38. A: Have you finished white washing the fence?B: Not yet, but I promise I will do / do so / do that / do it in the

14、afternoon.39. A: Is he the right person for the job?B: I suppose so/not.40. A: I really hope he is the right person for the job.B: Yes, if so, we can start the project right away.Yes, but if not, well have to cancel the project, Im afraid.41. A: Do you think he is the right person for the job?B: Pro

15、bably so/not.42. A: Is he the right person for the job?B: I believe not/ I dont believe so.Ellipsis (P389)43. There are four flights to New York today. Lets take the earliest.44. Why give me two cups of coffee? I only asked for one.45. A: Have you seen him before?B: Yes, I have (seen him before).46.

16、 A: What have you been doing in the garden?B: (I have been) Whitewashing the fence.47. A: Have you cleaned the study?B: No, not yet, but I have (cleaned) the living room.48. A: Who else is coming to the party?B: Paul (is coming to the party).49. A: Are you OK?B: Yes (, I am OK).50. A: He promised to

17、 be here on time.B: Yes, I know ( that he promised to be here on time).51. A: I finished the task ahead of schedule.B: How ( did you finish the task ahead of schedule)?52. A: Will it rain tomorrow?B: Perhaps (it will rain tomorrow).Chapter 13How many types of time adjuncts do we have?(P329)when-adju

18、nctsduration-adjunctsfrequency-adjunctsTime adjunctsPlace adjunctsProcess adjunctsContingency adjunctsAdjuncts(P302)改句型（inversion）（P304）He had no sooner asked the question than the answer came to him.No sooner had he asked the question than the answer came to him.She had hardly entered the room when

19、 the phone started to ring.Hardly had she entered the room when the phone started to ring.*no soonerthan, hardly/scarcely/barelywhen no sooner, hardly/scarcely/barely 后用过去完成时，than, when后面用一般过去时下面句子好好读读，注意连接词和分词的使用(P305)1. Adults sometimes overestimate their own strength when dealing with children.2.

20、 Sue listened to us talk while pretending not to.3. I deliberately did not read the book before going to see the film.4. After leaving school, she worked as a waitress at a restaurant.5. Michael used to look hurt and surprised when scolded.6. Once convinced of the necessity of a move, he worked with

21、 persistence and diplomacy until the college found a new home.* 见到ever since时要用现在完成时，since从句一般用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，如果动作是可以延续的则优选现在完成进行时。(P306)e.g. 1. John left for Britain ten years ago and I havent seen him ever since.2. Shes been hopping from one job to another since graduation from university.

22、 下面句子好好看看(P310)1. He acted as though his family were in danger. (as though后面的从句用了虚拟语气)2. She ran from the house as if escaping.3. My wife looked at me as if to remind me that it was time to go back home.4. He shook his head as if dazzled by his own vision.as ifas thoughwhichif onlyto do 表将来doing 表正在

23、.done 表已发生的后面的从句用虚拟语气be用were(与现在相反)should do (与将来相反)had done (与过去相反)* 连接词后可用下面的句子好好读读，如果出选择题要知道选什么（P312）1. He did it because they asked him to do it.2. Because of his bad leg, he couldnt walk as fast as others.3. We dont know that shes married, since she seldom talks about herself.4. As her children

24、 had gone to school, Mrs. Black felt that it was a good time for her to enjoy a moment of doing nothing.5. I asked her to stay, for I had something to tell her (for表因为时，永远要用“，”和主句分开)6. Now (that) he is away, youll have to do the work on your own.7. He is a Russian insofar as he was born in Russia, b

25、ut he became an American citizen in 1970.8. Censorship is feeble inasmuch as it does not protect anyone.9. The higher income tax is harmful in that it discourages people from trying to earn more.10. He raised the gun to shoot at the buck and then lowered it out of sympathy.选择题，可能考原例句（P313）+（P317）（表示

26、让步，“尽管”的意思）* adj/adv + as/though + 主语 + 谓语* v (实义动词) + as/though + 主语 + 助动词e.g. 1. Foolish as he was, he would defy any advice or warning and continue to make the same mistakes.2. Hard as he worked, he managed to finish the work ahead of schedule.3. Working hard as he was, he managed to remain among

27、 the top 5% of his class.4. Situated as it was at the foot of the mountain, the village was very quiet. 5. Young though he was, he managed to make a living on his own.6. Rich as he was, he died a most unhappy man.7. Child that he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.8. Sneer unkindly though y

28、ou may, John is very popular.9. Much as I admire him, I dont like all his work. 读下列句子（用的是虚拟语气，lest/ for fear that / in order that / so that后+主语+should, should可省） 1. He ran away lest he should be seen.（P315）2. He ran away for fear that he should be seen.3. He ran away in order that he should not be s

29、een.4. He ran away so that he should not be seen.好好读下面的句子，很重要（P316/320）斜体字都表示“虽然、尽管”的意思1. While he did well at chess, he was rather weak in math.2. With all his immense fortune, he died a most unhappy man.3. In spite of his poor performance in class, he excelled in sports. If he should be found guil

30、ty, he will be deprived of the guardianship of his children. If anyone should come this way, he would be caught like a rat in a trap. Style-disjuncts (文体性评注性状语)Content-disjuncts （内容性评注性状语）Disjuncts(评注性状语)P323看看（P323）Style-disjuncts: briefly, broadly, candidly, confidentially, flatly, frankly, genera

31、lly, honestly, personally, privately, roughly, seriously, simply, strictly, truthfullyContent-disjuncts: actually, certainly, definitely, doubtless, hopefully, in fact, in reality, maybe, no doubt, officially, perhaps, possibly, presumably, undoubtedly,熟读以下例句（p323）1. Frankly, he isnt working hard en

32、ough.2. Honestly, few people tell the truth when they say that they have never told a lie.3. Obviously, she couldnt deal with these problems.4. Luckily, they managed to escape being fined.Conjuncts(P324)（连接性状语） coordinator/subordinatorHe tried at least half a dozen companies, but they all rejected h

33、is application. (coordinator) He tried at least half a dozen companies and they however all rejected his application. (conjuncts) 熟读下列各类的词例（P325-329）Enumeration-conjuncts: (顺序连续性状语)first (ly), second (ly), third (ly); one, two, three; for one thing for another; for a start; to begin with; in the fir

34、st place, in the second place; next, then, finally. Addition-conjuncts: (附加状语)equally, likewise, similarly, in the same way, again, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, what is more, in addition, above all, in particular.Transition-conjuncts: (过渡状语)by the way, incidentally, now, meanwhile,

35、 in the meantime, in the mean whileSummation-conjuncts (总结状语)altogether, overall, then, therefore, thus, all in all, in conclusion, in a word, to sum upExplanation-conjuncts (解释状语)namely, specifically, for example, for instance, in other words, that is, that is to sayContrast-conjuncts (表示对比的状语)actu

36、ally, rather, alternatively, conversely, more precisely, on the other hand, in contrast, on the contraryResult-conjuncts (结果状语)Accordingly, consequently, hence, so, thus, therefore, as a result, as a consequence, in consequenceInference-conjuncts (推测状语)else, otherwise, then, in other words, in that

37、caseConcession-conjuncts (让步状语) anyhow, anyway, besides, else, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, only, still, though, yet熟读下列例句，每年考试都有原题：1. This project wont work: for a start, its a bad idea, and secondly, itll cost too much.2. To begin with, Id like to express my gratitude for y

38、our generous contributions.3. Tom Brown is well known in this city. First, he has been a member of the city council for many years. Secondly, he was done a lot in promoting general education in the locality. Thirdly, and mot importantly, he is a football player of international reputation.4. You mus

39、t pack plenty of food for the journey. Likewise, youll need warm clothes, so pack them too.5. We must help people find jobs and houses outside the city. But equally, we must remember that some city people want to remain where they are. 6. He has not paid his debts and, worse still, he has no intenti

40、on of paying.(01年考题)7. John got bankrupt recently. What is more serious, his wife deserted him for that.8. Im leaving tomorrow. By the way, can I use your car for shopping this afternoon?9. I must go now. Incidentally, if you want that book Ill bring it next time.10. Lets call it a day. Now, Id like

41、 all of you to come to the party tonight.11. Theyll be back in ten minutes. Meanwhile, well have some coffee. 12. In conclusion, I want to say that I owe all my success to my devoted parents.13. To sum up, this book is well received because it deals with a very controversial issue of common concern.

42、14. You say you took the book without his permission. In other words, you stole it.15. Only one person was absent, namely, Harry. (05年考题)16. Officially, he is in charge. Actually, his secretary does all the work.17. Susan is stupid and lazy. In contrast, her sister is intelligent and hardworking.18.

43、 Tony worked extremely hard on this project for months. As a result, he broke down for overworking.19. It snowed for days and then a severe frost set in. Consequently, the land was frozen hard as if laid in the grip of iron.20. You say you want to marry her. In that case, you shouldnt be quarrelling

44、 with her all the time.(05年考题)21. Im afraid he has no choice but to do as he is told. Otherwise, he gets sacked. (03/04年考题)22. The news may be unexpected. Nevertheless, it is true.23. Few people have ever succeeded in climbing over this mountain. Anyhow, you can have a try if you insist. Chapter 11C

45、oordinators: (P261)and, or, but, bothand, eitheror, notor, notnor, neithernor, more than, not onlybut also, nor, so, yet, as well as, as much as, rather than, notbut* bothand 谓语用复数* A as well as B 谓语跟A一致* Not onlybut also, notor, notnor, neithernor, either or, or 谓语用就近原则背熟（考试可能考原题）p263Come and have

46、tea with us.Ill go and see if shes OK.Lets wait and seeTry and get some coffee.Stay and have dinner with us, will you?We ought to stop and think.Hurry up and get dressed.* Give me five minutes or so and Ill finish the work.* Clean up the mess, or else!* You may stay here for a day or two.* The tribe

47、 was called Milwaukee or something. but / yet / while / whereas 的区别 (P265) but/yet 不能放句首，while/whereas 只能+从句e.g. They are poor but/yet proud. You like sports, while/whereas/but/yet Id rather read.Chapter 14Explain the three principles of concord (P333主谓一致的三个原则)Grammatical principle, notional principle, and the principle of proximity.(语法、概念和就近一致)看下面两句，指家庭后用单数，指家人后用复数（P335）1. Th