高考英语一轮复习_状语从句讲解.doc

《高考英语一轮复习_状语从句讲解.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语一轮复习_状语从句讲解.doc（28页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、高中英语语法训练试题解析-状语从句状语从句即指在主从复合句中用作状语的从句。按照其意义，状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等。（1）时间状语从句引导词引导时间状语从句的从属连询很多，常见的有before，after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as等。时间状语从句常见的引导词：l表示“当时候”：when Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.（在）莫扎特4岁的时候，开始写音乐作品。

2、l在.期间：whileHe visited a lot of places while he was traveling. 他在旅行期间参观了许多地方。 l在.的同时；一边.一边.：asWe always sing as we walk. 我们总是一边走一边唱。 l在.之后：afterHe left the classroom after he had finished his homework. 他做完作业之后就离开教室。 l在.之前：beforeMr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here. 布朗先生来这里之前已

3、经在一家银行里工作一年了。lUntil/till：until在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词，表示相应动作结束的时间；在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词，表示相应动作开始的时间，意为“直到才”。 Eg. He waited until she was about to leave. 他一直等到她准备离开。I did not begin to work till he had gone. 他走了后我才开始工作。l表示“一就”：除用as soon as外，还可用the minute, the second, the instant, the moment, immediately, directly,

4、instantly, no sooner. than, hardly. when等。Eg. I came immediately you called. 你一来电话我就来了。Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow. 她刚到就下起雪来了。The moment I have finished Ill give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。l表示“截止（时间）”：by the time的意思是“截止（时间）”，可以引导时间状语从句。By the time引导的从句若是一般现在时，主句要用将来完成时；若是一般过去时，主句则要用过去完成

5、时。Eg. By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed. 我到家时她已睡觉了。 By the time you receive this letter, I will have left this city for my hometown.l扩展：“by时间”还可以构成各种短语，在句子中作时间状语：By then（截止那时）; by nine oclock（截止9点钟）By the end of last year（截至去年年底）；by last year（截止去年）；By the end of next year（截止明年年底）（2

6、）条件状语从句引导词l引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if, unless, as /so long as等。 Eg. Dont come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话，否则你别来。If you watch carefully you will see how to do it. 如果你仔细看，你会看出该怎样做。As long as you do your best, well be happy. 只要你尽力，我们就满意了。条件状语从句常见的引导词：l表示“如果”、“万一”： in case也可引导条件状语从句，其意为“如果”、“万一”。如： In case I for

7、get, please remind me about it. 如果我忘了，请提醒我。lif和unless：If表示“如果”；unless意思则是“除非;如果不”，相当于ifnot，有时两者可以互换。Eg.If you have any questions or comments, you can voice them now.你们如果有任何疑问或意见，可以现在提出。If you dont visit him tomorrow, he will be angry. 如果你明天不去看他，他会生气的。 Unless you visit him tomorrow, hell be angry. 除非

8、你明天去看他，否则他就会生气的。（3）让步状语从句引导词l引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有although, though, however （no matter how）, even if（即使），whether. or（不论还是）等连词。 Eg. The speech is good, though it could be better. 这次演讲不错，虽然还可以再好一点。He went out even though it was raining. 尽管下着雨，他还是出去了。让步状语从句常见的引导词：lThough和although：l两者都当虽然讲，且都可以与yet/still连用，但

9、是不能与but连用。（）: Although he is rich but he is not happy. （）: Although he is rich, yet he is not happy. 虽然他很富有, 然而他并不快乐。（）: Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children. （）: Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children. 尽管我们已经长大了,可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩. lever if, even thoug

10、h.即使 Well make a trip even though the weather is bad. lwhetheror不管都 Whether you believe it or not, it is true. lno matter 疑问词 或疑问词后缀ever No matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind. 替换：no matter what whatever no matter who whoever no matter when whenever no matte

11、r where wherever no matter which whichever no matter how however 注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。 （）No matter what you say is of no use now. （）Whatever you say is of no use now. 你现在说什么也没用了。（Whatever you say是主语从句） （）Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given, （）Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre

12、 given.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。（4）原因状语从句引导词引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, as, since, seeing/considering（that）, now （that） 等。 原因状语从句常见的引导词：Because:l表示直接原因，语气最终，常用来回答why引导的特殊疑问句。Eg. Why were you late for school this morning?Because I got up late.注意：尽管在汉语中“因为,所以”常一起使用，但是在英语中because和so不能连用Sincel“既然”，表示对方一知道的事实或理由，语气比beca

13、use弱。Eg. Since you are going, I will go. 既然你去，我也去。Asl“由于”，表示较为明显的原因，语气较弱。Eg.As it is snowing , youd better take a taxi. 下雪了，你最好乘出租车。Now/seeing/considering thatl“既然”，seeing that的意思是“由于，因为，鉴于”，considering that的意思是“考虑到，鉴于”。Eg. Now that we are alone, we can speak freely. 既然我们单独在一起，就可以随便谈了。Seeing that he

14、s been off sick all week, he is unlikely to come today.他请病假整整一周了，所以今天不太可能来。She knows quite a lot about it, considering （that） she is very young.鉴于她年龄小，她懂得的已经很多了。（5）地点状语从句引导词引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where（在的地方）, wherever（无论什么地方），every where（每个地方），any where（任何地方）。地点状语从句常见的引导词：lWhere：Where作连词引导地点状语是，意思是“在的地方”。E

15、g.You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。lWherever：Wherever相当于no matter where, 意思是无论什么地方，wherever引导的地点状语从句多位于句首。Eg.You cant camp wherever anywhere you like these days. 如今你可不能随便在哪儿宿营了。Wherever he goes, he always takes a notebook with him.No matter where he goes, he always tak

16、es a notebook with him.无论走到哪里，他总是带着一个笔记本。（6）目的、结果状语从句引导词引导目的、结果状语从句的从属连词主要有in order that, so that, in case, for fear, sothat，suchthat等。目的、结果状语从句常见的引导词：lSo that：So that意思是“目的是；结果是”，既可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。而引导结果状语从句时，则通常没有情态动词Eg. I hired a b

17、oat so that I could go fishing. 我租了一条船去约鱼。（目的）He always studied hard so that he made great progress.（结果）他总是努力地学习，结果他取得了很大的进步。In order thatIn order that意思是“以便，为了”。In order that和so that表示目的是一样，从句的谓语里常有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。Eg. He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam.

18、他努力学习是为了能通过考试。Sothat/suchthatlSothat/suchthat意思是“如此以至”，二者皆可引导结果状语从句，且含义相同，但用法有一定的区别。Eg. He was so angry that he couldnt speak. 他气得话都说不出来。He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力太大，玻璃都震破了。注：so. that和such. that中的that有时（尤其在口语中）可省略。（7）方式状语从句引导词引导方式状语从句的从属连词主要有as, （just） asso, as i

19、f, as though等。方式状语从句常见的引导词：as, （just） assol通常位于主句后，但在（just） asso结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如”，“就像”，多用于正式文体。Eg. Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。As water is to fish, so air is to man.我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from o

20、ur minds.正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。as if, as thoughl两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作仿佛似的，好像似的。Eg.They completely ignore these facts as if （as though） they never existed.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气）。He looks as if （as though） he had been hit by lighting.他那样

21、子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）（8）比较状语从句引导词引导比较状语从句的从属连词为as.as（和一样），not as/so.as（和不一样），than（比），the more.the more（越越）等。比较状语从句常见的引导词as.as. He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep. 他醒来得和入睡一样突然。（第一个as是副词） I have never seen

22、 so much rain as fell that February. 我从未见过像那个二月那么多雨。（否定结构常用soas, 也可用as. as） than Man developed earlier than people think. 人类的出现比人们所想的要早。 He moves more slowly than his sister does. 他行动起来比他妹妹慢。 The youth of today are better off than we used to be. 今天的年轻人比我们过去的境况要好。 according as You may go or stay, acc

23、ording as you decide. 是去是留由你自己决定。 You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad. 你受表扬还是责备得看你的工作好坏决定。 in proportion as Men are happy in proportion as they are virtuous. 人之幸福与德行成正比。 Some people are happy in proportion as they are noticed.有些人越受到注意就越高兴。 The mostin/of This book is t

24、he most interesting of the three.这本书是三本中最有趣的。 the 形容词estof/in This road is the busiest street in our city. 这条路是我们城市最繁忙的街道。 no more than只不过（嫌少的意思） I have no more than two pens.我只有两支笔。 Its no more than a mile to the shops.去商店不过一英里。 not more than不如。；（前者不如后者） Jack is not more diligent than John.捷克不如约翰勤奋

25、。 one of the 名词（复数）.之一（用于最高级） Han Mei is one of the best students in our school. 韩梅是我们学校最好的学生之一。状语从句即指在主从复合句中用作状语的从句。按照其意义，状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等。 高考重点要求：学习状语从句主要应注意引导状语从句的从属连词的用法与区别从属连词在一定的语言环境中的意义与用法 第一节 知识梳理 时间状语从句时间状语从句高考重难点突破：lwhen, while和as的区别：when引导的从句的谓语动词可以

26、是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬间动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。Eg. When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我停止吃饭。（瞬间动词） When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词） We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。（瞬间动词） lWhile引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while

27、有时还可以表示对比。Eg.While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. （was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生） I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）lAs表示“一边一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。 Eg. We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表

28、示“一边一边”） As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）l由before和after引导的时间状语从句注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从

29、句相反。Eg.It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。 Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。 My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。 They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。 After you thi

30、nk it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。 After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）l由since引导的时间状语从句since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is 时间since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。Eg:I have been in Beijing since you lef

31、t. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。 Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？ It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。 It is five months since our boss was in Beijing. 我们老板离开北京有五个月了。 知识扩展：1. It is since从。以来多长时间了（因为since 从句或名词，表示一段时间） It is five years since we met last time

32、.从我们上次见面已经五年了。 2.It is before（才） It was a long time before I went to sleep again. 过了很长时间我才睡着。 It was an hour before（until） the police arrived. 过了一个小时，警察才来。l表示“一就”:hardly（scarcely, rarely）when / before, no soonerthan相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。E

33、g. He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。 No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。 Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in. 我刚坐下，他就进来了。 He had hardly fallen asleep when he

34、felt a soft touch on his shoulder.他刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。条件状语从句条件状语从句高考重难点突破条件状语从句的时态：遵循原则：主语与从句时态上保持一致的原则条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时，有时也可以用现在进行时和现在完成时。Eg. Hell be a doctor when he finished studying here.他结束在这儿的学习之后，将会成为一名医生。If it doesnt rain tomorrow, well start. 明天如果不下雨，我们就出发。有时主句中用祈使句和情态动词来替代将来时态Eg. I

35、f you get the book, let me know. 如果你弄到了那本书，告诉我一声。 If he feels like seeing the sights of the city, he can take a bus tour. 如果他想看城市风光，他可以做城市观光车。如果主句谓语动词是want, hope等词，则条件状语从句用一般现在时。Eg. What do you want to do if you have much money? 如果你有很多钱，你想要做什么？ I hope to see her if Im free. 如果我有空，我希望去看看她。在有些句子中，主、从句

36、都可用一般现在时。Eg.If you ring this number, no one answers. 如果你打这个电话号码，不会有人接。 If you press the switch, the computer comes on. 如果你按这个开关，计算机就会启动。让步状语从句让步状语从句高考重难点突破：lAs：as也可引导让步状语从句，但要将名词、形容词或副词等提到as前，若提前的是单数可数名词，要省略a或an。 Eg.Teacher as he is, he cant know everything. 虽然是老师，他也不可能什么都懂。lalthough, though 辨析：alth

37、ough 不能though 那样用作副词, 放在句末表示强调时要用even though. Eg.He is looking fit, though. 但是，他看上去很健康。Even though I didnt understand a word, I kept smiling. 尽管我一个字也不懂，我还是一直微笑着。 He is quite experienced, he is young, though. 尽管他很年轻，他很有经验。 las, though 引导的倒装句：as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。 Child as /th

38、ough he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do. 注意： a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。 b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. Though he tries hard, he never seems 虽

39、然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。 While连词while有时也可表示“尽管”、“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。如： While we dont agree with each other, we continue to be friends. 尽管我们意见不同，我们还是朋友。原因状语从句原因状语从句高考重难点突破：引导词除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导原因状语从句的从属连词外，when有时也可引导原因状语从句，其意为“既然”。Eg:I cant tell you when you wont listen. 既然你不想听，我就不告诉你了。原因状语从句注意事项：as与since, now th

40、at 样表示双方都知道的原因，通常位干主句前，且均不可用于强调结构中被强调。当表示直接的因果关系，回答why时，或有only, just, all, partly, not, but等副词修饰时，或用在强调结构中都只能用because。for有时也可引出表示原因的分句，但它只能位干后面，不能位于句首，切前面要有都好与前一分句分开，对前一分句加以解释或推断。不要受汉语意思影响将表示“因为”的连词与表示“所以”的so连用。地点状语从句地点状语从句高考重难点突破：Where引导的地点状语从句与定于从句的区别找先行词：where引导的状语从句是充当主句的地点状语，翻译成在.的地方,可换写成表地点状语的

41、介宾短语。where引导的定语从句它是修饰先行词（表地点的名词/名词短语）的,即:where前面一般是个表地点的名词/名词短语作为先行词。关键：再把where变成“（合适）介词表地点的先行词”结构，再放到定语从句中去，看能不能衔接，可不可以做该从句的地点状语.Eg: Ive found my purse where I lost it.解析：I lost it 介词my purse?不通，且句中没有表示地点的先行词，所以它是地点状语从句。“我在我丢掉钱包的地方找到了它”。Ive found my purse at the place where I lost it.解析：I lost it 介

42、词（at） the place.正确，且句中的表示地点的先行词place，所以它是定语从句。目的、结果状语从句目的、结果状语从句高考重难考点突破Sothat和suchthatSothat：句型中的so是副词，常常用来修饰形容词或副词，意思是“如此/这么以致于”常用句型:1、主语谓语soadj. / adv. that从句。The boy ran so fast that I couldnt catch him. He was so angry that he couldnt say a word. 2、so形容词a（n）单数名词that从句。例如：She made so good a meal

43、 that we all ate far too much. 她做的饭菜那么好吃，结果我们都吃得太多了。It was so good an exhibition that I went to see it several times. 展览是那么好，结果我就去看了好几次。It was so fine a day yesterday that we all went out for a picnic. 昨天天气很好，我们都出去野餐了。3、somany / much / few / little（少）名词that从句。当名词前有many、much、few、little（少）等词修饰时，句子中要用s

44、o.that.而不能用such.that.。例如：Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over. 我跌了那么多跤，全身跌得青一块，紫一块的。There was so much work to do that everybody got bored. 有这么多的事要做，人人都感到厌烦了。There was so little water in the jar that it was not enough for all of us. 缸里的水太少，不够我们这些人用的。（注：当little的意思是“小”时，仍用such.that.）在s

45、uch. that.句型中，such修饰名词，意思也是“如此以致于”常用句型:1、sucha（n）形容词单数名词that从句This is such a good book that all of us like it very much. 这是一本很好的书，我们大家都喜欢读一读。It was such a fine day that nobody wanted to stay at home. 天气这么好，没有人愿意呆在家里不出去。It was such an interesting film that I saw it twice. 这是一部很有意思的电影，我看了两次。2、such形容词复

46、数名词that从句He had such long arms that he could almost touch his knees. 他的胳膊很长，几乎就能够到他的膝盖。They are such good students that the teacher likes them. 他们都是很好的学生，老师喜欢他们。3、such（形容词）不可数名词that从句It was such fine weather yesterday that we went swimming. 昨天天气很好，我们去游泳了。4、one（no, any, all, many, some, several, 等）such可数名词that从句