高三英语一轮复习：定语从句课件.pptx

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1、Revision of the Attributive Clause 定语从句复习,Learning aims:,一、定语从句的基本认知 1.、基本概念、组成成分 2、关系词的用法 3、解题思路 二、定语从句的重难点 1、特殊的先行词 2.特殊连接词-As的用法 3.介词+关系代词的结构 4.定语从句中的主谓一致 5. 分隔式定语从句,He is an African boy.,The African boy in ballet costume loves ballet very much.,The boy dancing merrily comes from a slum.,The boy

2、who is famous for a picture became the focus of our attention.,定语可以由单词、短语、非谓语或从句等担当，对先行词（名词、代词）修饰限定。,Lead in,The boy who is famous for a picture became the focus of our attention.,先行词,关系词,定语从句,定语从句分析 结构：先行词+引导词+从句+其他,She is extraordinarily beautiful, which makes her roommate envy her.,Join the follo

3、wing sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.,关系代词的实质,a machine,the machine/it,A plane is and can fly.,A plane is which/that can fly.,a machine,注意避免重复,关系词的作用：1._ 2._ 3._,指代先行词,连接作用,从句中作成分,关系词的指代作用,1.The boy who broke the window is called Tom. 2.The boy whose parents are dead was brought

4、 up by his grandfather. 3.The school where I study is far from my home. 4. The US requested dozens of countries to detain Meng Wanzhou, which generates Chinese anger.,who= the boy,whose = the boys,where =in the school,关系副词=介词which,非限中which 指代整个句子,=in which,定语从句,关系词,分类,关系代词,关系副词,指人的关系代词：_,指物的关系代词:_,作

5、_成分,作_成分,_,_,总 结,时间：_ 地点：_ 原因：_,限定性定语从句,非限定性定语从句 (that、why不可用),形式：有逗号与主句隔开（补充说明的作用）,修饰限定的作用,that/who/whom/whose/as,that/which/whose/as,主、(宾)、定,状语,when where why,介词关系代词,1. A person who steals things is called a thief. 2.The man (who) I talked with is our teacher. 3. The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr.

6、Li. 4. These are trees which were planted last year. 5. This recorder （which） he is using is made here. 6. A plane is a machine that can fly. 7. He is the man (that) I told you about. 8. This is the little girl whose parents were dead. 9. We live in a house whose windows face south. 10.She is the sa

7、me person as is known to us. 11. We passes the contest, as we expected.,关系代词的基本用法-主、宾、定,主、宾,宾,主、宾,定,主、宾,主、宾,主、宾,定,主、宾,注意：关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略, as除外。,The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous in the world. whom that ,(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.,The dress which she is wearing is new.

8、 that ,(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.,巩固练习：1. 用定语从句合并句子,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,(3)Success is a journey. Its initial step is paved with an inner passion .,(4)China is a country with the largest population in the world. It is known to all,China is a country with the larges

9、t population in the world , as is known to all.,Success is a journey whose initial step is paved with an inner passion.,As is known to all, China is a country with the largest population in the world.,1.比较that/which,(1) That和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that 不能用which。,当先行词中有人又有物时。,-Do you know the things an

10、d persons that they are talking about? -This is all that I want from the school. -This is the very book that I am looking for these days. -The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city. -The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.,2. 关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5

11、种情况,当先行词为不定代词:no/none/nothing、few、little、some、any、much、all、every/everything等修饰时,当先行词被the only, just, the very, the right, the last等修饰时。,当先行词被最高级修饰时。,当先行词被序数词修饰时。,只用which不用that的情况 (1)关系代词前有介词时。 Spend five to ten minutes thinking about the candidates experiences, and the ways in which they showed cour

12、age. (2)在非限制性定语从句中。 In 1998 he applied to be a member of Project 921, which is now called Shenzhou.,1) Do you have anything _ you dont understand? 2) The only thing _ we can do is to give you some advice. 3) Her bag, in _ she put all her money, has been stolen. 4) She heard a terrible noise， _ broug

13、ht her heart into her mouth.,that,that,which,which,当先行词指事/物 that 与 which?,that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。,先行词为指人的代词：those, no one/nobody/none、one, ones、anyone/anybody、all, 等时。 -All who heard the news were excited. -Those who want to go please sign your names here.,先行词为he和people时。 He who does not reach

14、the Great Wall is not a true man.,比较that/ who,“What about those _70_ rely on straws due to disability?.”,关系副词when, where和why的用法-作状语,1.We live in an age when more information is available with great ease than ever before. 2. Ancient China was a place where states were often at war. 3.Can you tell me

15、the reason why you are late again.,时间状语 =in/during which,地点状语=in which,原因状语=for which,注意 (1)先行词为有地点含义的抽象名词point，position，situation, stage, state, case, scene 等后也常用where引导定语从句。 -He said if we ever got to the point _we needed to use life jackets, he would have already died of terror. (2) the reason等作先

16、行词时，若引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，定语从句要用that或which引导。 -The boss doesnt want to hear any reason_ you might give.,(that/which),where,注意：用关系副词的前提是，定语从句是完整的。,Exercise:,1. I still remember the days _ we stayed together in Beijing. 2. I still remember the days _ we spent together in Beijing. 3. That blue house is the pl

17、ace _ I lived yesterday. 4. That blue house is the place _ I visited yesterday. 5. Do you know the reason _ he told me the news last week? 6. Do you know the reason _ he told me last week?,when,which,where,which,why,which,选择什么关系词，就看它在从句中所作的成分,=on which,=in which,=for which,1. I shall never forget th

18、e days _ we worked together and the days _ we spent together.,when,(which/that),2. Those _ have plenty of money will help their friends. These apples are rotten. Youd better choose those _ are still green.,who,3. The pen _ Tom sent me as my birthday present was lost. I have lost my pen , _ I like ve

19、ry much.,(that/ which),which,which,巩固练习：2 填词、改错。,The period during when people learned to smelt (熔炼) iron is called the Iron Age. 2 . Human beings are social animals whom usually prefer to live in groups. 3. The man, of whose red car is parked in front of our house, is a dentist in the town. 4. Duri

20、ng the Industrial Revolution, people moved to cities which many factories had been built. 5. The house where he lives in needs repairing.,which,who,where,which,in,做题一般步骤：,定语从句中的注意点：,特殊的先行词 2.特殊连接词-As的用法 3.介词+关系代词的结构 4.定语从句中的主谓一致,填上合适的关系词并分析原因： 1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not diffi

21、cult to understand. 2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.,that/ which/不填,that/in which/不填,缺状语,缺宾语,the way 做先行词时,先看后面定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语: 1、缺：_ 2、不缺：_,引导词用that / which / 不填(缺宾语时),引导词用that / in which / 不填,What surprised me was not what he said but the way _he said it.,that/不填/in which,3. _ is kno

22、wn to all, he is the best student. 4. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. 5. _ is known to all that the earth is round. 6._is known to all is that the earth is round.,As,which,注意2：as的用法,asthatwhich 1. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift. 2. It is such a big stone _

23、 nobody can lift it.,as,that,归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰，即构成suchas , the same as, soas, 结构。as在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语。,It,What,as is well known/ is known to all as has been said before as has been already pointed out as we all can see as is expected/ hoped/ supposed as is often the case

24、,as引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有,众所周知,如前所述,正如已经指出的,正如我们所看到的,正如所盼望的/希望的/料想的,情况常常如此,as 与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用 as, 意为“正如、恰如”，且常常为固定表达。（指代/位置/意思）,注意3：,介词+关系代词,1.He is the person on whom you can depend. 2. I ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. 3.The colorless gas

25、 without which we cant live is called Oxygen.,根据从句中的习惯搭配（动词/形容词等）,根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定,根据所表达的意思来确定,I still remember the day _ which I first got to Paris. 2. The English play_ which my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. 3.I remember the days _ which I visited Paris. 3. Do you know

26、the boy _ whom your mother is talking? 4. He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar. 5. The Communist Party of China is a great party, _ _ we couldnt have founded a new China in 1949.,Practice:,on,in,to / about / with,with which,without which,during,介词+关系代词 的复合结构：,1.They live in a house, the

27、 door of _faces south. 2.There are four students in the classroom, all of _are working hard. 3.Last Sunday I bought a book from the bookstore, three of _were English novels. 4.China has thousands of islands, the largest of _is Taiwan.,1.“名词/代词/数词/最高级等+介词+关系代词”,which,whom,which,which,指代人： whom,指代物：wh

28、ich,The USA is a large country in _many dialects are spoken. Franks dream is to have his own garden, and in_he can produce many beautiful flowers. There are about 400 students in our grade, most of _are from Haidian District. He told us a story in English, the meaning of _I couldnt understand thorou

29、ghly.,Practice:,which,it,whom,which,定语从句主谓一致,I ,who am (be)your teacher, will try my best to help you. The recorder that has（have) been given to me is made in China. I didnt meet the guests who were (be)here. Great changes have taken place in China, as is (be)known to all. He has passed the College

30、Entrance Examination, which makes (make)his parents quite happy. 6.The Great Wall is one of the word-famous buildings that draw (draw)lots of visitors. 7.It is said that the Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is (be)seen from the moon.,总结,1.一般情况下当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，定从中的谓语

31、动词在人称， 数的方面应该与先行词保持一致。 2.当one of+复数名词为先行词时，且关系代词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式； 若one前面有the, the only, the very, the right或者just the 等修饰时则用单数。 3.关系代词若在从句中作主语且指前面整个句子时，则谓语动词用单数.,wherethat 1.This is the library _ I borrowed the book. 2.It is from this library _I borrowed the book.,where,定语从句,that,强调句型,综合考查：定语从句与其

32、他句型的交叉考查,定从与强调句,练习：It was the morning _I happened to meet him. I t was in the morning _I happened to meet him.,where,that,定从与同从,1. We all have heard the news_ our team won. 2. We dont believe in the news _ he told us yesterday.,that,that/which/不填,that/which,1.The art center will be set up _ there us

33、ed to be a factory, _ millions of tractors were made. A. in which, where B. where, where C. what, which D. where, which,2.There is always a big city _there is a river.,where,定从与状从,定语从句,关系词,分类,关系代词,介词关系代词,关系副词,指人的关系代词,指物的关系代词,that/who/whom/whose/as,that/which/whose/as,(主、宾、定）,（状语）,（只用that不用which）,（只用which不用that）,指人用whom,指物用which,when where（抽象的地点） why,限定性定语从句,非限定性定语从句 (that、why不可用),形式：有逗号与主句隔开（补充说明的作用）,部分不可互换,（修饰限定的作用）,所属关系： 介词+whose +名词,变体：名词/数词/代词/最高级+关代,注意：,(只用who不用that),考点：1.the way 2. 定语从句中主谓一致 3. 分隔式定语从句 4.定语从句和强调句型、状语从句等混淆,