Unit 3 Section B Learning about Language 课件 --人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册.pptx

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1、Unit 3,Section B Learning about Language,过去完成时的主动语态和被动语态,1. The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published. A new farm-to-table restaurant had been set up by the chef before his new cookbook was published. 2. They had finished their dinner by the time Sam joined

2、 them. Their dinner had been finished by the time Sam joined them.,Discovering,PART 1,过去完成时的主动语态,构成： had+过去分词,表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。它表示这个动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，这一过去时间可用by, before 等构成的短语及 when, before, after, by the time 等引导的状语从句表示。 I had finished my homework before I had supper. 我在晚饭前把家庭作业做完了。 表示从过去某一时间

3、开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。这个动作可能还要延续下去，常与for, since构成的表示一段时间的短语或since 引导的表示一段时间的从句连用。 He said that great changes had taken place in his hometown since 1990. 他说自从1990年以来他的家乡发生了很大的变化。,（2）用法,表示原计划或打算做某事而没有做成。常用动词有want, mean, plan, hope, suppose, expect, intend等。 They had wanted to help but couldnt get there in t

4、ime. 他们本来是要去帮忙的，但未能及时赶到那里。 He had hoped to catch the 8: 00 bus, but found it gone. 他原希望赶上8点的公共汽车，却发现那趟车已经走了。,It/This/That was the first/second. . .time that sb. had done sth. 这是那是某人第一次第二次做某事。 This was the second time that the musician had toured Europe. 这是这位音乐家第二次在欧洲巡回演出。 用于hardly/scarcely. . .when,

5、 no sooner . . . than 句式中。 The audience had hardly been seated when the saxophone solo started. 观众刚落座，萨克斯独奏就开始了。 I had no sooner finished the work than the light went out. 我刚完成工作，灯就熄灭了。 这两个句子可以把hardly, no sooner 提到句首变成倒装句，时态不变。 Hardly had the audience been seated when the saxophone solo started. No

6、sooner had I finished the work than the light went out.,（3）特殊句式,注意： 在含有after 或before 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，由于主句和从句的动作先后关系明显，所以可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 After he left the room, the boss came in. 他离开房间后，老板进来了。 The train left before he got there. 他还没到那儿，火车就开走了。,（4）过去完成时、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别，试比较： He had worked as a lecturer

7、 before he became a manager. 在成为一名经理之前，他做过讲师。 He has been a manager for years. 他当经理已经有几个年头了。 He once worked as a lecturer, but now he is a manager. 他曾做过讲师，但现在他是一名经理。,PART 2,（1）构成： had been+及物动词的过去分词,过去完成时的被动语态,（2）用法,表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作，常与by, before 等引导的时间状语连用。 A new agreement had been signed by

8、the time we got there. 等我们到那儿的时候，一项新协议已经签署了。 When he reached the nearby shop.it had already been closed. 当他赶到附近的那家商店时，它已经关门了。 表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，常与for, since 引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。 It was reported that the sale had been advertised for several weeks. 据报道，这场拍卖会已经做了好几个星期的广告。,用在宾语从句中，常放在said, told,

9、thought, wondered等动词过去式的后面，表示在这些动作之前已经发生的被动动作。 The architect told us that the project had been completed. 那位建筑师告诉我们工程已经竣工了。 根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。 He had to leave his house because it had been flooded. 他只好离开他的房子，因为他的房子已经被淹没了。,练习,1. Instead of getting down to a new task as I _ (expect) ,he examin

10、ed the previous work again. 2. We_(learn) over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 3. Mr Brown _(live) in the south for five years.,had expected,had learned/learnt,had lived,4. When I got home, my shoes _(clean) by somebody. 5. By the end of last month, two chemical plants _(build) in his hometown. 6. Fortunately, the fire _(put) out before it could reach the crowd.,had been cleaned,had been built,had been put,