2021届高考英语总复习 语法专题 第七讲 动词的时态与语态精练精析 新人教版.doc

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1、第七讲动词的时态与语态动词时态考点透析1十种常用的动词时态句子结构。(S主语， do 动词原形， does动词第三人称单数，did过去式， doing现在分词， done过去分词)一般现在时：Sdo/does.,一般过去时：Sdid.,现在进行时：Sam/is/are doing.,过去进行时：Swas/were doing.,一般将来时：Swill/shalldo.,过去将来时：Sshould/woulddo.,现在完成时：Shave/has done.,过去完成时：Shad done.,现在完成进行时：Shave/has been doing.,过去完成进行时：Shad been doin

2、g.2在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中，一般现在时表示将来，这时主句要用一般将来时态。(1)The volleyball match will be put off if it rains.如果下雨的话，排球赛就会推迟。(2)If city noises are not kept from increasing，people will have to shout to be heard 20 years from now on.如果不阻止城市噪音增长的话，20年后人们就得大喊大叫才能让人听见。3一般现在时可表示主语具备的某种能力、某种性能。例如：(1)I play pingpong quite

3、well，but I havent had time to play since the new year.(“会打球”是主语具备的一种能力，不会短时间内消失，用现在时) (2)Can I help you，sir?Yes，I bought this radio here yesterday，but it doesnt_work.(doesnt work是主语的性能)4过去将来时和过去完成时都是相对过去时间而存在的时态，在答题时，一定要仔细揣摩上下文的时间关系。例如：(1)We were all surprised when he made it clear that he would_lea

4、ve office soon.(2)How long had_they_known each other before they got married?For about a year.(3)Helen had_left her key in the office，so she had to wait until her husband came home.5leave，go，arrive，take，fly，start，begin，come等动词的现在时可表计划安排好的将来，它们的进行时也可以表示将来的动作。例如：(1)The train leaves at four oclock.Lets

5、 hurry.(2)Ive won a holiday for two weeks to Florida.I am_taking my mum together.6be going to表早就安排好的将来，或表根据某种迹象判断要发生的事情；will/shall表临时决定要做的动作；be to表按约定计划或按职责、义务将要发生的动作，强调主语的意志和决心；be about to表马上就要发生的动作，不能与表示将来的确切时间状语连用。(1)What are you going to do this evening? Im going to see a film with my friend.(2)

6、Havent you known Mr.Wang is ill?Really? Then Ill go to see him instead.(3)How about seeing a film tomorrow?Sorry，I cant.I am to take the driving test.7如果句中有so far，since，by now，in the last few years，till now，up to now等表示时间的短语，谓语动词只能用现在完成时。例如：(1)So far they have dug more than 100 wells to get enough d

7、rinking water.(2)I have been busy during the last few days.8句型“It is the first time.”，“This is the last time.”中，从句的谓语要用现在完成时。句型“It was the first time.”，“This was the last time.”中，从句的谓语要用过去完成时。例如：This is the first time Ive been here.That was the second time that they had witnessed an accident at the

8、crossing.9句中的状语是“by the end of过去时间”，动词用过去完成时。 句中的状语是“by the end of将来时间”，动词用将来完成时。例如：(1)By the end of last term，we had learned about three thousand English words.到上学期末，我们大约学了3 000个英语单词。(2)By the end of next month，we shall have finished Book Five.到下个月末，我们将已经学完了第五册。二、动词的语态考点透析英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表

9、示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。做有关被动语态的题目可以分为两步走：第一步确定正确的时态，第二步确定正确的语态。判断用主动语态还是用被动语态的根据是看主语与谓语动词之间的关系：如果是主谓关系则用主动语态，如果是动宾关系则用被动语态。被动语态的构成(以write为例)时间 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 现在 am/is/are written am/is/are being written has/have been written过去 was/were written was/were being written had been written将来 shall/will

10、be written 1.进行时、将来时、完成时、情态动词的被动语态的谓语分别是be being done，will/shall be done, have/has/had been done，情态动词be done，不要遗漏任何部分。All the work must be finished by Friday.A railway is being built to connect these two cities.2get过去分词表被动。They got married last week.He fell and got hurt.3主动形式表被动意义。(1)系动词look，feel，so

11、und，smell，taste，seem，appear，go，prove，turn等形容词/名词。The dish tastes delicious.His plan proved (to be) practical.(2)be worth doingThe book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。(3)need/want/require/beardoingneed/want/require to be doneThe room needs cleaning.The room needs to be cleaned.屋子需要打扫。(4)beadj.to doThe plac

12、e is hard to find in the map.这个地方在地图上很难被发现。(5)当句子的主语是物，同时又是动作涉及的对象，而动词又是表明主语本身的特性时，用主动形式表被动意义。这时，句末有一个表示方式的副词。The pen I bought yesterday writes smoothly.我昨天买的钢笔书写流畅。The cloth washes well.这种布耐洗。强化训练.按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求，使用括号中单词的正确形式填空1All the animals lined up on the river bank and _ (give) the task of

13、getting to the opposite shore.2My legs _ (ache) and I wasnt looking forward to cooking dinner.3Pretexting is when private investigators treat themselves as someone else, they _ (give) personal information.4Now their claims_(test) as never before.5His fear of failure _ (keep) him from classroom games

14、 that other children played with joy.6So far, 256 Confucius Institutes and 58 Confucius Classrooms _ (establish) across the world.7Now, Valentines Day _ (celebrate) in many countries around the world.8With television there are restrictions on what kinds of programs can _ (broadcast) and at what time

15、s of the day.9I should have to teach all the subjects except art，which will _ (teach) by the headmaster himself.10For example，I _ (order) a digital camera online the other day and saved about $50.11(2007广东卷)The sun was setting when my car_(break) down near a remote village.12(2008广东卷)This proverb is

16、 saying we have to let things go in their natural course.Being too anxious to help an event develop often_(result) in the contrary to our intention.13(2009广东卷)People stepped on your feet or_(push) you with their elbows，hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.Her mother was excited.“Your father has at las

17、t decided to stop smoking，” Jane_(inform)14(2010广东卷)He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder who had been his teacher.After a fourday journey，the young man_(present) the water to the old man.15(2011广东卷)I got on the bus and found a seat near the back and then I not

18、iced a man sitting at the front.He_(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.16The manager _(tell) the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.(tell)17Last month，the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they_(receive) from China.18Look! Somebody_the (clean) so

19、fa.Well, it wasnt me.I didnt do it.19Alvin, are you coming with us?Id love to, but something unexpected _(come) up.20We all agreed that the cottage _ (make) a perfect holiday home for the family.1解析：给它们的任务是要它们游到河的对岸。句子的主语是all the animals，和give是动宾关系。答案：were given2解析：根据后文wasnt looking forward to可知此空应该

20、用过去进行时。答案：were aching3解析：they指the private investigators。答案：will be given4解析：句子的主语claims与test是动宾关系，故用被动。答案：will be tested5解析：根据上下文，此处应该用一般过去时。答案：kept6解析：用so far (到目前为止)作状语的句子用现在完成时。答案：have been established7解析：celebrate和Valentines Day是动宾关系，所以用被动。该句描述一般事实，所以用一般现在时。答案：is celebrated8解析：programs和broadcast

21、是动宾关系。答案：be broadcast9解析：which指art，teach和art是动宾关系，所以用被动。答案：be taught10解析：该句的时间状语是the other day(几天前)，应该用一般过去时。答案：ordered11解析：该空是when引导的时间状语从句主语my car的谓语。从句中没有时间状语或时间状语从句，但主句的谓语动词was setting用了过去进行时，同时此句也是一个特殊的句型：.was/were doing.when.did.。答案：broke12解析：空格处是主语Being too anxious to help an event develop的谓语

22、，本句的状语是often，上句的谓语is saying是现在进行时，可知此句谓语应用一般现在时。同时，主语是动名词短语，谓语动词应用单数。答案：results13解析：前空是主语people的谓语，上文的并列谓语是stepped，可知时态，语态与主谓一致。因此，此空的答案应为：pushed。后空是主语Jane的谓语，上文的谓语was是一般过去时，此外，主语Jane与谓语inform(告知)之间的关系是被动关系(被告知)，同时主语Jane是单数，因此此空答案应为：was informed。答案：pushed；was informed14解析：该空是主语the young man的谓语，本句的状语

23、是After a fourday journey，上句的谓语是filled，可知本句的谓语用一般过去时。答案：presented15解析：该空是主语He的谓语，上句谓语是got，found和noticed，本句后有并列谓语动词giving，可知本句谓语应用过去进行时。答案：was pretending16解析：“从九点开始，经理一直在跟工人们讲”，强调动作的持续进行，用现在完成进行时。答案：has been telling17解析：日本政府得到帮助在前，表达感谢在后，用过去完成时。答案：had received18解析：从Look可知此句表明沙发的现状，即有人此前清洁沙发，沙发现在是干净的。要

24、表示过去的动作对现在的影响或和现在的联系，用现在完成时。答案：has cleaned19解析：分析过程同上。答案：has come20解析：前面agreed表示“我们达成共识”，这间村舍将成为全家人度假的地方。答案：would make.用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文It was getting dark when I 1. _ (get) home. It was cold and I 2. _ (wear) a coat.I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket to take out the key, but I co

25、uldnt find it. I suddenly remembered that I 3. _ (leave) it on my desk in the office. It really didnt make any difference. I knew my wife 4. _ (be) at home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I 5. _ (knock) at the door. There was no answer. I 6. _ (continue) knocking at the d

26、oor for some time. I 7. _ (get) angry.Then I remembered something the office boy 8. _ (tell) me at noon.He said that my wife 9. _ (phone) saying that she 10. _ (go) shopping in the afternoon with the children.It seemed that nothing 11. _ (can do) and I 12. _ (shut) out of my house.1got2.was wearing3.had left4.was5.knocked6continued7.was getting8.had told9.had phoned10would go11.could be done12.would be shut5