小学英语_冠词介词代词总结.doc

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1、 一冠词1.1 不定冠词：不定冠词有a 和an 两个常考用法：1当第一次提到某人或某物时例：-What is this?-its a new bus stop.(2) 指某人或某物，例： A man is waiting for you outside.(3) 用在序数词前，例： Toms son was born in 2000.(4) 用于可视为一体的两个名词前例：a knife and fork(5) 用在某些固定词组中例：a lot (of) 许多a few 一些have a colda number ofhave a good timehave a swim=swimhave a l

2、ook=look1.2 定冠词the：既表示“这个，“那个，又表示“这些，“那些;既可用在单数名词前，也可用于单数名词前。常考用法：1特指某些例：The lovely girl is my best friend.2表示世界上独一无二的事物例：the sun太阳 the moon 月亮 the sky 天空3在序数词、形容词最高级前例：Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.4习惯用法.例：in the morning in the afternoon in the evening1.3 不使用冠词的特殊情况1国名，人名前通常不用冠词例:

3、Im from England and my name is Mary.2表示交通工具、例: I usually go to school on foot, but sometimes I go to school by bike.3季节、月份、节日例：We go to school from Monday to Friday.4在三餐、球类运动例：have breakfastplay chess 玩象棋play basketball二介词2.1 常考时间介词：1at：表示具体的点钟或固定搭配中例：at noon, at night, at 7 o(2) in: 表示一段时间以用于表示例：in

4、 the twenty3on：主要用于在星期几例：on MidonJune 12.2 常考地点介词1in, on, to：in 在某一地区之的某方位to 表示在某一地区之外的某方位on 表示与某地的毗邻关系例：Fujian is in the southeast of China.China is to the west of Japan.2 at, in, on: at 表示较小的地点in 表示较大的地方on 表示在一个平面上例：at the bus stop, at home;in China, in the world;on the farm, on the playground.2.3

5、 易混介词辨析(1) in 和on 的区别：on the tree 表示枝、叶果实等长在树上;in the tree 表示人或其他东西在树上;on the wall表示东西粘贴或挂在墙上;in the wall 表示门、窗等嵌在墙上.(2) between 和among 的区别between 常指“在两者之间；among 用于指“在三者或三者以上的人或物之间。例: Mary sits between Lucy and Lily.Miss. Wang stands among her students.across 和 through的区别: across 含有“从外表穿过之意，表示游渡、乘船过

6、海或过河时用across;through 含有“从中间穿过之意。例：He can swim across the river.She had to push her way through the crowd to get her son.三连词：连词是一种虚词，的作用。连词分为并列连词和附属连词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词分为并列连词和附属连词。3.1 并列连词：用来连接具有并列关系的词（1） 表并列关系：and, bothand,（2）2表选择关系：or, eitheror等。除了表示选择关系外，or 还有“否那么之意。例：Do you lik

7、e apples or bananas?Either you or Jack must come here tomorrow.Hurry up, or youll be late for school.3表转折关系：but, yet, while然而等。例:The watch was cheap, but it goes quite well.He said he was our friend, yet he wouldnt help us.(4) 表因果关系: for,so 等。例: I had a fever yesterday, so I didnt want to do anythin

8、g.He was late, for the traffic is always busy in the morning.注：for 表示结果通常不能放句首，也不能单独使用四 代词代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、关系代词和不定代词等。其中我们会重点来复习人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、疑问代词和不定代词。4.4 疑问代词：.1常见疑问代词：whowhom 谁指人；whose 谁的；which 哪一个，哪一些；what 什么。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。2how:如何，怎样how manyHo

9、w many people are there in your family?how much-How much sugar do you want?how longHow long is your summer holiday?how soon-How soon will you leave Beijing?-In two dayshow oftenHow often do you go to yourhow farHow far is it from your school to the post office?4.5 不定代词：不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词常用不定代词

10、：(1)一定围两人(物): onethe other例：I have two hands. One is left(2) another: 泛指另一个:例: This kind of cake is very delicious. I want another.(3) other: 常用句式some例: There are many people in the park. Some are singing, others are dancing,morning exercise.(4) the others 指剩余的全部，只能指可数名词，指不可数名词应用the rest；(5) both, either, neither, all, any, none(7) 复合不定代词：复合不定代词由some, any, no, every 加上-body, -thing,-one 构成。这些复合不定代词只具有名词性质，用作单数，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。带some 的一般用于肯定句，而带any 的一般用于否认句和疑问句。注：复合不定代词被定语所修饰时，定语必须放在它的后面。例：There is something wrong with the radio.17 / 17