【人教版】小升初英语语法要点详解及练习题.pdf

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1、小学英语（人教版小学英语（人教版 PEPPEP版）语法要点及习题版）语法要点及习题 1 1名词复数规则名词复数规则1 1一般情况下，直接加一般情况下，直接加-s -s，如：，如： book-books, book-books,bag-bags,bag-bags,cat-cats, bed-bedscat-cats, bed-beds2 2以以s. x. sh. chs. x. sh. ch 结尾，加结尾，加 -es-es，如：，如： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watchesbus-buses, box-boxes, brush-bru

2、shes, watch-watches3 3 以“辅音字母以“辅音字母 +y+y”结尾，变”结尾，变y y为为i, i, 再加再加-es-es，如：，如： family-families, family-families, strawberry-strawberriesstrawberry-strawberries以“以“f f或或fe fe”结尾，变”结尾，变f f或或fe fe为为v, v, 再加再加-es-es， （但有一个特例：（但有一个特例： roofroofroofsroofs ） 。如：如： knife-knives leaf-leaves wife-wives thief-th

3、ieves wolf-wolves knife-knives leaf-leaves wife-wives thief-thieves wolf-wolves5 5以“以“o o”结尾的单词，如果有生命，加”结尾的单词，如果有生命，加-es-es；如果没有生命，加；如果没有生命，加 -s -s。如：有生命：如：有生命： potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes mango-mangoespotato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes mango-mangoeshero-heroes Negro-hero-heroes Negro-NegroesNegroe

4、s没生命：没生命： radio-radios piano-pianos photo-photos zoo-zoosradio-radios piano-pianos photo-photos zoo-zoos6 6不规则名词的复数变化：不规则名词的复数变化：（一）完全不规则：（一）完全不规则：man-menman-menwoman-womenwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenpoliceman-policemenpolicewoman-policewomenpolicewoman-policewomenmouse-micemouse-micechild-childre

5、nchild-childrenfoot-feetfoot-feettooth-teethtooth-teeth（二）单数复数词形相同：（二）单数复数词形相同：fish-fish sheep-sheep deer-deerfish-fish sheep-sheep deer-deerpeople-peoplepeople-peopleChinese-ChineseChinese-ChineseJapanese-JapaneseJapanese-Japanese小练习：小练习：写出下列各词的复数写出下列各词的复数I _him _this _her _I _him _this _her _1watc

6、h _child _photo _diary _watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _man_ woman_ paper_man_ woman_ paper_ juice_ juice_water_ milk_ rice_ tea_w

7、ater_ milk_ rice_ tea_小学英语（小学英语（ PEPPEP版）语法总结及习题版）语法总结及习题 2 2一般现在时一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时基本用法介绍【No. 1No. 1 】一般现在时的功能】一般现在时的功能1. 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。天空是蓝色的。2. 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.I get up at six every day.我每天六点起

8、床。我每天六点起床。3. 3.表示客观现实。如：表示客观现实。如： The earth goes around the sun.The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成一般现在时的构成1. be1. be动词：主语动词：主语 +be(am,is,are)+be(am,is,are)+ 其它。如：其它。如：I am a boy.I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。我是一个男孩。2. 2.行为动词：主语行为动词：主语 + +行为动词行为动词 (+(+其它其它) )。如：。如：We study English.We study E

9、nglish. 我们学习英语。我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)(he, she,it) 时，要在动词后加时，要在动词后加 -s-s或或-es-es 。如：。如： Mary likes Chinese.Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化一般现在时的变化1. be1. be动词的变化。动词的变化。否定句：主语否定句：主语 + be + not + be + not + 其它。其它。如：如：He is not a workerHe is not a worker. .他不是工人。他不是工人。2一般疑问句：一

10、般疑问句： Be +Be +主语主语+ +其它。其它。如：如：-Are you a student?-Are you a student?-Y-Y es. I am. / No, Im not.es. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词特殊疑问句：疑问词 + +一般疑问句。如：一般疑问句。如： Where is my bike?Where is my bike?2. 2.行为动词的变化。行为动词的变化。否定句：主语否定句：主语 + dont( doesnt ) + dont( doesnt ) +动词原形动词原形 (+(+其它其它) )。如：。如：I dont like

11、bread.I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesntdoesnt构成否定句。如：构成否定句。如：He doesnt often play.He doesnt often play.一般疑问句：一般疑问句： Do( Does ) +Do( Does ) + 主语主语+ +动词原形动词原形 + +其它。如：其它。如：- Do you often play football?- Do you often play football?- Y- Y es, I do. / No, I dont.es, I do. / No, I dont.

12、当主语为第三人称单数时，要用当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesdoes构成一般疑问句。如：构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike?- Does she go to work by bike?- Y- Y es, she does. / No, she doesnt.es, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词特殊疑问句：疑问词 + +一般疑问句。如：一般疑问句。如： How does your father go to work?How does your father go to work?动词动词+s+s的变化规

13、则的变化规则1 1一般情况下，直接加一般情况下，直接加-s -s，如：，如： cook-cooks, milk-milkscook-cooks, milk-milks2 2以以s. x. sh. ch. os. x. sh. ch. o 结尾，加结尾，加 -es-es，如：，如： guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goesguess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3 3以“辅音字母以“辅音字母 +y+y”结尾，变”结尾，变y y为为i, i, 再加再加-es-es，如：，如： s

14、tudy-studiesstudy-studies一般现在时用法专练一般现在时用法专练 : :一、一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink _ go _ stay _ make _drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _look _ have_ pass_ carry _come_ watch_come_ watch_plant_ fly _plant_ fly _study_ brush_ do_ teach_study_ brush_ do_ teach_二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。二、用括号内

15、动词的适当形式填空。31. He often _(have) dinner at home.1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and T2. Daniel and T ommy _(be) in Class One.ommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunda

16、y.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.8. The girl _(teach

17、) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _(like) cooking.11. Mike _(like) cooking.12. They _(have) the same hobby.12. They _

18、(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.14. Y14. Y ou always _(do) your homework well.ou always _(do) your homework well.15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _(go) to school from Monday t

19、o Friday.16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu T17. Liu T ao _(do) not like PE.ao _(do) not like PE.18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Y19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.ang _(have) eigh

20、t lessons this term.20.20. What day _(be) it today?What day _(be) it today? It Its Saturday.s Saturday.三、按照要求改写句子三、按照要求改写句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句改为否定句 ) )_2. I do my homework every day.(2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)

21、)_3. She likes milk.(3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答) )_4. Amy likes playing computer games.(4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) )_5. We go to school every morning.(5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句改为否定句 ) )_6. He speaks English very well.(6. He speak

22、s English very well.(改为否定句改为否定句 ) )4_7. I like taking photos in the park.(7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问对划线部分提问 ) )_8. John comes from Canada.(8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问对划线部分提问 ) )_9. She is always a good student.(9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) )_1

23、0. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句改为否定句 ) )_四、改错四、改错 ( (划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上) )1. Is1. Is your brother speak English? _your brother speak English? _2. Does he likes going fishing?2. Does he likes going fishing?_3. He likes play games

24、after class.3. He likes play games after class._4. Mr4. Mr . Wu teachs us English. Wu teachs us English._5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _小学英语（小学英语（ PEPPEP版）语法总结及习题版）语法总结及习题 3 3现在进行时现在进行时1 1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在也

25、可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。进行的动作。2 2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+be+动词动词ing.ing.3 3现在进行时的否定句在现在进行时的否定句在 bebe后加后加notnot。4 4现在进行时的一般疑问句把现在进行时的一般疑问句把bebe动词调到句首。动词调到句首。5 5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词不达意疑问词不达意+ be + be +主语主语 + + 动词动词ing?ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词不达意疑问词不达意 + + bebe+ + 动词动词

26、ing?ing?动词加动词加inging的变化规则的变化规则51 1一般情况下，直接加一般情况下，直接加 inging，如：，如： cook-cookingcook-cooking2 2以不发音的以不发音的 e e结尾，去结尾，去e e加加inging，如：，如： make-making, taste-tastingmake-making, taste-tasting3 3 如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加再加inging， 如：如： run-running,run-running,stop-stoppin

27、gstop-stopping现在进行时专项练习：现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play_ run_ swim _make_play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_ write_go_ like_ write_ski_ski_read_ have_ singread_ have_ sing _ dance_ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_put_ see_ buy _ love_live_ take_ come _live_ take_ come _ get_get_stop_ sit _ begin_

28、shop_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice foodn

29、ow.now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the

30、classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. 9.Its 5 oclockIts 5 oclock now.now.We _(have)supper nowWe _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Y10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .es ,she is .三、句型转换：三、句型转换：1

31、. They are doing housework .(1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) )_2 2The students are cleaning the classroom . (The students are cleaning the classroom . (改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) )_3 3I Im playing the football in the playground .(m playing the football in the playgroun

32、d .(对划线部分进行提问对划线部分进行提问 ) )_64 4T Tom is reading books in his study . (om is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问对划线部分进行提问 ) )_小学英语（小学英语（ PEPPEP版）语法总结及习题版）语法总结及习题 4 4一般将来时一般将来时一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：间状语： tomorrow, next day(week, month,

33、 yeartomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。（后天）等。二、基本结构：二、基本结构：be going to + dobe going to + do ；will+ do.will+ do.三、否定句：在三、否定句：在 bebe动词（动词（ am, is, aream, is, are ）l l后加后加notnot或情态动词或情态动词willwill后加后加notnot成成wonwont t。例如：例如： I I m going

34、 to have a picnic this afternoon.m going to have a picnic this afternoon. I I m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句：四、一般疑问句： be be 或或willwill提到句首，提到句首， somesome改为改为any, andany, and改为改为oror，第一二人称互换。，第一二人称互换。例如：例如： We are going to go on an outi

35、ng this weekend.We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this Are you going to go on an outing thisweekend?weekend?五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1. 1.问人。问人。 WhoWho 例如：例如： I Im going to New Ym going to New York soon.ork soon.WhoW

36、hos going to New Ys going to New York soon.ork soon.2. 2.问干什么。问干什么。 WhatWhat do. do.例如：例如：My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon.My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon.What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.What is your father going to do with y

37、ou this afternoon.3. 3.问什么时候。问什么时候。 When.When. 例如：例如： SheShes going to go to bed at nine.s going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed?When is she going to bed?六、同义句：六、同义句： be going to = willbe going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrowI am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）（明天） . = I

38、 will go swimming tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow.练习：练习：填空。填空。71. 1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2. 2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛下个星期一你打算去干嘛? ? 我想去打篮球。我想去打篮球。What _ _ _ _

39、_ next Monday? I _ _What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ play basketball._ play basketball.What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball.What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball.3. 3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _?_ your mother _ _ go shopping

40、this _?Y Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit.es, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4. 4.你们打算什么时候见面。你们打算什么时候见面。What time _ you _ _ meet?What time _ you _ _ meet?改句子。改句子。5. Nancy5. Nancyis isgoinggoingtotogogocamping.camping. （改否定）（改否定）Nancy _ going to go camping.Nancy _ going to go camping.6. 6.I Ill

41、go and join them.ll go and join them.（改否定）（改否定）I _ go _ join them.I _ go _ join them.7. 7.I Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）（改一般疑问句）_ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?_ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?8. We8. Wewillwillmeetmeetat the bus stop at 10:30.at t

42、he bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）（改一般疑问句）_ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30._ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.9. 9.She is going to listen to music after school.She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问）（对划线部分提问）_ _ she _ _ _ after school?_ _ she _ _ _ after school?10. My10. Myfatherfatherand

43、mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上同上) )_ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow._ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.用所给词的适当形式填空。用所给词的适当形式填空。11. T11. Todayodayis isa asunny day. We _ (have) a picnic thi

44、s afternoon.sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.12. My12. Mybrotherbrother_ (go) to Shanghai next week._ (go) to Shanghai next week.13. T13. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. Heom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He_ (go) to school by bike._ (go) to sc

45、hool by bike.814. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and_(catch) insects?_(catch) insects?15. Its15. ItsFridayFridaytoday.today.WhatWhat_she _ (do) this weekend? She _she _ (do) this weekend? She _(watch) TV an

46、d _ (catch) insects.(watch) TV and _ (catch) insects.16. What16. What_ (d0) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm._ (d0) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm.What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows.What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows.17. Mary17. Mary_ (visit) her grandpare

47、nts tomorrow._ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.18.18.Liu TLiu T ao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.ao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.19. David19. David_ (give) a puppet show next Monday._ (give) a puppet show next Monday.20. I20. I_ (plan) for my study now_ (plan) for my study

48、 now小学英语（小学英语（ PEPPEP版）语法总结及习题版）语法总结及习题 5 5一般过去时一般过去时 Part PartA A1 1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2 2BeBe动词在一般过去时中的变化：动词在一般过去时中的变化：amam 和和is is在一般过去时中变为在一般过去时中变为 waswas。 （was not=wasnwas not=wasn t t）arear

49、e在一般过去时中变为在一般过去时中变为 werewere。 （were not=werenwere not=weren t t）带有带有waswas或或werewere的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, areis, am, are一样，即否定句在一样，即否定句在 waswas或或werewere后加后加notnot，一般疑问句把，一般疑问句把 waswas或或werewere调到句首。调到句首。3 3句中没有句中没有bebe动词的一般过去时的句子动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：否定句： didndidnt +t +动词原形，如：动词原形，如： Jim did

50、nJim didn t go home yesterday.t go home yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加一般疑问句：在句首加 diddid，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：如：Did Jim go home yesterday?Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+did+ 主语主语+ +动词原形？动词原形？如：如： What WhatdiddidJimJimdodoyesterday?yesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词疑问词当主语时：疑问词+ +动词过去式？动词过去式？如：如：W