酶反应器 精选PPT.ppt

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1、酶反应器 第1页，此课件共47页哦 Enzymes are attached to a solid matrix(e.g.cellulose fibers)Substrate flows intoreaction vessel and is converted to product,which flows out Enzymes remain attached to cellulose fibers第2页，此课件共47页哦Compared to chemical reactor：Low temperature and low pressure with little consuming ene

2、rgy.Compared to fermentation reactor：No cell continuous reproduction.第3页，此课件共47页哦 Type of Enzyme ReactorStirred tank reactorPacked bed reactorFluidized bed reactorMembrane reactorBubble column reactorRecycle reactor第4页，此课件共47页哦 1.Stirred Tank Reactor,STR Which contains all of the enzyme and substrat

3、es until the conversion is complete;Generally consist of a tank containing a stirrer and attemperator.第5页，此课件共47页哦1)Batch Stirred Tank Reactor,BSTR Suitable for：free enzyme and IE2)Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor,CSTR Suitable for：IE第6页，此课件共47页哦Advantages simple structure little mass transfer resist

4、ance easy operationDisadvantagesReaction efficiency is low.IE is easily to be destroyed.Power consumption is higher.第7页，此课件共47页哦2.Packed Bed Reactor,PBR or:plug-flow reactor,PFRContaining a settled bed of immobilized enzyme particlesSuitable for：IE第8页，此课件共47页哦Advantages High conversion per unit mass

5、 of catalyst Continuous operation Low product inhibitionDisadvantages Poor temperature control Unit may be difficult to service and clean 第9页，此课件共47页哦3.Fluidized Bed Reactor,FBRWhere the flow of gas and/or substrate keeps the immobilized enzyme particles in a fluidized state.Suitable for：IE第10页，此课件共

6、47页哦Advantages-A high viscosity substrate solution Uniform particle mixing and temperature-Ability to operate reactor in continuous stateDisadvantages Destruction of immobilized enzymesParticle entrainmentPumping requirements 第11页，此课件共47页哦4.Membrane Reactor,MR1）CSTR/Ultrafitration reactor,CSTR/UFR第1

7、2页，此课件共47页哦2）Immobilized Enzyme Membrane Reactor第13页，此课件共47页哦5.Bubble Column Reactor,BCR （One of the reactants is gas）The reactor is filled with water and gas bubbles are injected from the bottom.Suitable for：free enzyme and IE第14页，此课件共47页哦第15页，此课件共47页哦6.Recycle Reactor,RCR In a recycle reactor,a po

8、rtion of the product stream is recycled and mixed with the inlet flow to the reactor.第16页，此课件共47页哦Recycle packed column reactor-allow the reactor to operate at high fluid velocities.-allow an insoluble substrate could be completely processed.第17页，此课件共47页哦 How to select enzyme reactor?1.Free enzyme：B

9、STR2.Immobilized enzyme:CSTR、PBR、FBR3.Granular substrate:CSTR、FBR 4.High viscosity substrate:FBR5.Inhibiting by product:PBR(PFR)6.Consuming oxygen:BCR 第18页，此课件共47页哦Immobilized Enzyme Reactors-example(Batch)CSTRPBRMembrane BioreactorFBR第19页，此课件共47页哦第20页，此课件共47页哦 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Abzyme and Ribozym

10、e 第21页，此课件共47页哦 Unit 1 Abzymes (catalytic antibodies)Antibody:A protein made by the bodys immune system Antigen:Substance which stimulates an immune response Hapten:Small molecules,not immunogenic must be coupled to bigger carrier第22页，此课件共47页哦第23页，此课件共47页哦第24页，此课件共47页哦第25页，此课件共47页哦Antibodies having

11、catalytic activities can be generatedThe concept of inducing antibodies with catalytic potentials rooted in Paulings transition state theory(1940s);William Jencks predicted the existence of such antibodies in 1969;Richard Lerner and Peter Schultz generated such catalytic antibodies in 1986;Prof.Linu

12、s Pauling第26页，此课件共47页哦If an antibody binds to a transition-state molecule,it may be expected to catalyze a corresponding chemical reaction.A new and unique type of enzyme is produced.第27页，此课件共47页哦Abzymes Created by immunizing an animal against a transition state analog(TSA)of the desired reaction.An

13、 abzyme is a monoclonal antibody with catalytic activity.第28页，此课件共47页哦 Preparation of abzymes 1.Induction Hapten(stable transition state analog）+carrier protein antigen Immuning mice Fusion of B-cells from the spleen with cancer(myeloma)cells,resulting in hybridoma cells第29页，此课件共47页哦第30页，此课件共47页哦第31

14、页，此课件共47页哦2.CopyingUsing enzyme as antigen to immune mice antibodyimmuning micemonoclonal antiantibody（with the original enzyme catalytic property）第32页，此课件共47页哦第33页，此课件共47页哦Properties of abzymesAn antibody with a specificity to transition stateCatalyze some reactions which natural enzyme cantMore sp

15、ecificity and stabilityCatalytic ability is much lower than that of natural enzyme第34页，此课件共47页哦Q:Whats the similarities and differences between enzyme,antibody and abzyme?第35页，此课件共47页哦TypesThe sameCatalysts efficientBinding substanceenzyme-protein-specificityhighsubstrateantibodynoantigenabzymelowTr

16、ansition state analog(TSA)第36页，此课件共47页哦Catalytic antibodies(yes or no)are called abzymes can be produced by using substrate molecules as antigens can be produced by using product molecules as antigens can be produced by using transition-state analogs as antigens 第37页，此课件共47页哦 Unit 2 Ribozyme (Cataly

17、tic RNA molecule)A ribozyme is an RNA molecule that is capable of catalyzing a chemical reaction.第38页，此课件共47页哦First Ribozyme discoveredThe self-splicing pre-ribosomal RNA ofthe ciliate Tetrahymena.Ribonuclease(RNase)P,with catalytic activity in its RNA component.S.Altman T.Cech第39页，此课件共47页哦Who Was F

18、irst?Proteins or Nucleic Acids?ProteinNucleic acid？第40页，此课件共47页哦“RNA World”hypothesis RNA initially served both as the genetic material and the cellular catalyst;during evolution,the catalytic functions of many RNA molecules were taken over by proteins.第41页，此课件共47页哦How the RNA World has evolved to t

19、odays Protein World Once proteins were made,they turned out to be much more efficient catalysts than ribozymes,because proteins offer far more variability than ribozymes:第42页，此课件共47页哦 Ribozyme x protein enzymeRNA contains only four unique nucleotide bases(compared to 20 different amino acids found i

20、n proteins)limited range of catalysis mechanisms(compared to proteins)第43页，此课件共47页哦Therefore proteins are better catalysts can integrate into membranes can bind to substrates that are either neutral,acidic or basic第44页，此课件共47页哦Ribozyme&protein enzymeRibozyme also requires formation of a specific sec

21、ondary and tertiary structure of RNA 第45页，此课件共47页哦Ribosome is a ribozyme recent resultstranslation第46页，此课件共47页哦Review Questions1.What are the difference between chemical reactor,fermentation reactor and enzyme reactor?2.Can you name the types of enzyme reactor and state their features?3.What is an abzyme?Why and how to get it?4.What is a ribozyme?How are ribozymes different from regular RNA and enzyme?第47页，此课件共47页哦