2020考研英语（一）真题及答案.pdf

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1、绝密启用前绝密启用前 20202020 年全国硕士研究生年全国硕士研究生招生考试招生考试 英语（一） （科目代码：201） 考生注意事项考生注意事项 1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指 定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。 2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条 形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生 自负。 3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书 写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿 纸、试题册上答题无效。

2、4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔或者钢笔书写，字迹工整、笔记清 楚；涂写部分必须使用 2B 铅笔填涂。 5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。 （以下信息考生必须认真填写） 考生编号 考生姓名 注：考生编号由考生在云逸未来的学号+3 个 0 组成，共计 15 位。 英语（一）考试试题 第1页 共 15 页 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the A

3、NSWER SHEET. (10 points) Even if families dont sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nations great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winters day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now.

4、The food police are determined our health. That this 3 should be rendered yet another, quality pleasure 4 to damage our health. The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means th

5、at people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thincrust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans. Scie

6、ntists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 , it was rumourde that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15 . Doubtless a piece of boile

7、d beef can always be. 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 , the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but reduce their lifetime intake. However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pu

8、shy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening. 英语（一）考试试题 第2页 共 15 页 1.A InB TowardsC OnD Till 2.A matchB expressC satisfyD influence 3.A patienceB enjoymentC surpriseD concern 4.A intensifiedB privilegedC compelledD guaranteed 5.A issuedB receivedC ignoredD cancelled 6

9、.A underB atC forD by 7.A forgetB regretC finishD avoid 8.A partiallyB regularlyC easilyD initially 9.A UnlessB SinceC IfD While 10.A secondaryB externalC conclusiveD negative 11.A insufficientB boundC likelyD slow 12.A On the basis of B At the cost of C In addition to D In contrast to 13.A interest

10、ingB advisableC urgentD fortunate 14.A As usualB In particularC By definition D After all 15.A resemblanceB combinationC connectionD pattern 16.A madeB servedC savedD used 17.A To be fairB For instanceC To be briefD In general 18.A reluctantlyB entirelyC graduallyD carefully 19.A promiseB experience

11、C campaignD competition 20.A follow upB pick upC open upD end up Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 A group of labour MPs, among th

12、em Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK town of culture award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the succ

13、ess of the crown for Hull, where it brought in 220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities. Britain town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture awar

14、d could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs. Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 199

15、0 and Livorpool in 2008. A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self- celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of

16、culture? It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run year of culture washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great dea

17、l more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light. It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vi

18、sion, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgows year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music an

19、d theatre that it remains today. A town of culture could be not just about the arts but about honouring a towns peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action. 英语（一）考试试题 第3页 共 15 页 英语（一）考试试题 第4页 共 15 页 21. Coppe

20、r and her colleague argue that a town of culture award would _. A consolidate the town-city ties in Britain B promote cooperation among Brains towns C increase the economic strength of Brains towns D focus Brains limited resources on cultural events. 22.According to paragraph 2, the proposal might b

21、e regarded by some as _. A a sensible compromise B a self-deceiving attempt C an eye-catching bonus D an inaccessible target 23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it _. A endeavors to maintain its image B meets the aspiration of its people C brings its local arts to promi

22、nence D commits to its long-term growth 24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present _. A a contrasting case B a supporting example C a background story D a related topic 25. What is the authors attitude towards the proposal? A Skeptical B Objective, C Favorable D Critical 【答案】 21. D22. B23.D2

23、4. B25. C Text 2 Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central el

24、ement in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge. With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit ma

25、rgins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis. The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent

26、 more than 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them. The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier

27、for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must

28、 be transformed so that it works for all participants. In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms; either freely available f

29、rom the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release. Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers

30、 by charging their writers fees. to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around 500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs” had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scient

31、ific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power. 英语（一）考试试题 第5页 共 15 页 英语（一）考试试题 第6页 共 15 页 26. Scien

32、tific publishing is seen as a licence to print money partly because_ _. A its funding has enjoyed a steady increase B its marketing strategy has been successful. C been analyzed from political aspect D its content acquisition costs nothing 27.According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers El

33、sevier have _. A thrived mainly on university libraries B gone through an existential crisis. C revived the publishing industry D financed researchers generously 28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? A Relieved B Puzzled C Concerned D Encouraged 29. It can be learned from Paragr

34、aphs 5 and 6 that open access terms _. A allow publishers some room to make money B render publishing much easier for scientists C reduce the cost of publication substantially D free universities from financial burdens 30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model? A Trial

35、 subscription is offered B Labour triumphs over status C Costs are well controlled D The few feed on the many 【答案】 26. D27. A28. D29. A30. D Text 3 Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insince

36、re form. of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people. A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure gender parity on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.

37、Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to s

38、et aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022. The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which express

39、ly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional. The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an important policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination,

40、 courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of equal protection, But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what? The number of women on

41、 corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent. Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership w

42、ill inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota. Writing in The New Republic，Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified

43、women to serve on such boards has led to a golden skirt phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up .multiple seats on a variety of boards. Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their

44、sponsors feel good but do little to help average women. 英语（一）考试试题 第7页 共 15 页 英语（一）考试试题 第8页 共 15 页 31. The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will _. A help little to reduce gender bias B pose a threat to the state government C raise womens position in politics D greatly bro

45、aden career options 32. Which of the following is true of the California measure? A It has irritated private business owners B It is welcomed by the Supreme Court C It may go against the Constitution D It will settle the prior controversies 33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate

46、 _. A the harm from arbitrary board decision B the importance of constitutional guarantees C the pressure on women in global corporations D the needlessness of government interventions 34 Norways adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to _. A the underestimation of elite womens role

47、 B the objection to female participation on boards C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board D the growing tension between labor and management 35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text? A Womens need in employment should be considered B Feasibility should be a prime concer

48、n in policymaking C Everyone should try hard to promote social justice D Major social issues should be the focus of legislation 【答案】 31.A32. C33. D34. C35. B Text 4 Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that pro

49、vide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a GAFA tax, meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon- in other words, mu