2020年考研英语(一)真题及参考答案解析.docx

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1、2020年考研英语(一)真题及参考答案解析Section I Use of English（江南博哥） Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Even if families are less likely to sit down to eat together than was once the case, millions of Britons wi

2、ll none the less have partaken this weekend of one of the nations great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winters day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this 3 should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure 4 to damage our health. The Foo

3、d Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures.This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, spurn thin-crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to sup

4、port such alarmist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans. Scientists say the compound is 11 to be carcinogenic but have no hard scientific proof. 12 the precautionary principle, it could be argued t

5、hat it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 , it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15 . Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be

6、worth living? 17 , the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but to reduce their lifetime intake. However, their 19 risks coming across as exhortation and nannying. Constant health scares just 20 with no one listening. 1. A In B Towards C On D Till 2. A match B express C sati

7、sfy D influence 3. A patience B enjoyment C surprise D concern 4. A intensified B privileged C compelled D guaranteed 5. A issued B received C ignored D canceled 6. A under B at C for D by 7. A forget B regret C finish D avoid 8. A partially B regularly C easily D initially 9. A Unless B Since C If

8、D While 10. A secondary B external C inconclusive D negative 11. A insufficient B bound C likely D slow 12. A On the basis of B At the cost of C In addition to D In contrast to 13. A interesting B advisable C urgent D fortunate 14. A As usual B In particular C By definition D After all 15. A resembl

9、ance B combination C connection D pattern 16. A made B served C saved D used 17. A To be fair B For instance C To be brief D in general 18. A reluctantly B entirely C gradually D carefully 19. A promise B experience C campaign D competition 20. A follow up B pick up C open up D end up Section Readin

10、g Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points） Text 1 A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK town

11、of culture award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in E220m of investment and an avalache

12、 of arts, out not to be confined to cities. Britain town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jo

13、bs. Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of d

14、isappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for, the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow- village of culture ? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture? It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly

15、 run year of culture washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community . The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good

16、 press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light. It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, com

17、munity groups and cultural organizations. But it can be done : Glasgow s year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today. A town of culture could be not just about t

18、he arts but about honouring a towns peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action. 21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a town of culture award could _ A consolidate the town-city ties in Britain. B promote

19、 cooperation among Britains towns. C increase the economic strength of Britains towns. D focus Britains limited resources on cultural events. 22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as _ A a sensible compromise. B a self-deceiving attempt. C an eye-catching bonus. D an i

20、naccessible target. 23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it _ A endeavours to maintain its image. B meets the aspirations of its people. C brings its local arts to prominence. D commits to its long-term growth. 24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present _ A a con

21、trasting case. B a supporting example. C a background story, D a related topic. 25. What is the authors attitude towards the proposal ? A Skeptical B Objective C Favourable D Critical Text 2 Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need joumals in which to publish the

22、ir research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge. With the content of papers secured for free, the

23、 publisher needs only fnd a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis. The D

24、utch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world,made profits of more than 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than 210m in 2016 toenable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably

25、despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them. The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The succe

26、ss of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants. In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by fundi

27、ng bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on gen

28、eral release. Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around 500 to $5,000. A report last y

29、ear pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of thesearticle preparation costs had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while

30、huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power. 26. Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money partly because _ A its funding has enjoyed a steady increase . B its marketing strategy has been successful. C its payment

31、for peer review is reduced. D its content acquisition costs nothing. 27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have _ A thrived mainly on university libraries. B gone through an existential crisis. C revived the publishing industry. D financed researchers generously. 28. Ho

32、w does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub? A Relieved. B Puzzled. C Concerned D Encouraged. 29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms _ Aallow publishers some room to make money. B render publishing much easier for scientists. C reduce the cost of publication sub

33、stantially. D free universities from financial burdens. 30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model? A Trial subscription is offered. B Labour triumphs over status. C Costs are well controlled. D The few feed on the many. Text 3 Progressives often support diversity manda

34、tes as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people. A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Spea

35、ker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure gender parity on boards and commissions, provide a case in point. Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have pro

36、posed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022. The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for pri

37、vate companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional. The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an important policy interes

38、t, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of equal protection. But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may

39、 not currently mirror the pereentage of women in the general population, but so what? The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations

40、increased by 54 percent. Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota. Wrting in The New Republic, Alice Lee note

41、s that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to agolden skirt phenomenon, where the same clite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards. Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a wa

42、y to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do litle to help average women. 31. The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad wills _ A help little to reduce gender bias. B pose a threat to the st

43、ate government. C raise womens position in politics. D greatly broaden career options. 32. Which of the following is true of the California measure? A It has irritated private business owners. B It is welcomed by the Supreme Court, C It may go against the Constitution. D It will settle the prior con

44、troversies. 33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to ilustrate _（by:www.gotu.top） A the harm from arbitrary board decision. B the importance of constitutional guaranees. C the pressure on women in global corporations. D the needlessness of government interventions. 34. Norways adoption of a

45、nationwide corporate gender quota has led to _ A the underestimation of elite womens role. B the objection to female participation on boards. C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board. D the growing tension between labor and management. 35. Which of the following can be inferred from the

46、text? A Womens need in employment should be considered. B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking. C Everyone should try hard to promote social justice. D Major social issues should be the focus of legislation. Text 4 Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross r