英语五大基本句型导学案.pdf

《英语五大基本句型导学案.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语五大基本句型导学案.pdf（5页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、英语五大基本句型导学案英语五大基本句型导学案学习目标学习目标1.掌握五大基本句型的用法。.2.培养学生运用语言能力。The truth is that he has never been abroadthat he has never been abroad.They went to see an exhibitionexhibition展览yesterday.The heavy rain preventedmeme form coming to school on time.How many dictionaries do you have?I havefivefive.They helpe

2、d the oldthe old with their housework yesterday.He pretended not to see menot to see me.I enjoy listening to popular musiclistening to popular music.I thinkthatthathe is fit for his office.he is fit for his office.五宾语：五宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词及物动词和介词后面。例如：自学指导句子成分自学指导句子成分一定义：一定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

3、句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。二主语：二主语：主语是一个句子所表达的主体，一般位于句首句首。但在 there be 结构、疑问句当主语不疑问词时和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、谓语、助动词或情态动词助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、名词、代词、代词、数词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s,Americancountry musiccountry music has become more and more popular.WeW

4、e often speak English in class.One-thirdOne-third of the students in this class are girls.To swimTo swim in the river is a great pleasure.SmokingSmoking does harm to the health.The richThe rich should help the poor.When we are going to have an English testWhen we are going to have an English test ha

5、s not been decided.It It is necessary to master a foreign languageto master a foreign language.宾语种类宾语种类：1双宾语间接宾语+直接宾语，例如：Lend me your dictionaryme your dictionary,please.2复合宾语宾语+宾补，例如：They elected him their monitorhim their monitor.六宾语补足语：六宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型

6、为：某些及物动词如 make 等+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：His father named himDongmingDongming.They painted their boatwhitewhite.Let the fresh air inin.You mustnt force himto lend his money to you.to lend his money to you.We saw herentering the roomentering the room.We found e

7、verything in the lab in good order in good order.We will soon make our citywhat your city is now.what your city is now.三谓语：三谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语谓语，一般放在主语主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practicespractices running every morning.2、复合谓语：1由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmay keepmay keep the boo

8、k for two weeks.He has caught has caught a bad cold.2由系动词加表语构成。如：Weare studentsare students.七定语：七定语：修饰名词或代词名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautifulbeautiful city.China is a developingdeveloping country;America is adevelopeddeveloped country.There are thirty women women teachers is our sch

9、ool.HisHis rapid progress in English made us surprised.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom to enter the classroom.The teachingteaching plan for next term has been worked out.He is reading an article about how to learn Englishabout how to learn English.四四 表语：表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一

10、般位于系动词系动词 如 be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is anAmericanAmerican.Is it yoursyours?The weather has turned coldcold.The speech is exciting.exciting.Three times seven istwenty onetwenty one?Hi

11、s job is to teach Englishto teach English.His hobby爱好is playing footballplaying football.The machine must be must be out of order.Time isupup.The class is overover.1八八状语：状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Light travels most quicklymost quickly.He has lived in the cityfor ten y

12、earsfor ten years.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examinationto have passed the national college entrance examination.He is in the room making a model plane.making a model plane.Wait a minute.Once you begin,you must continue.牛刀小试：一、指出以下句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.The students got on the

13、 school bus.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.I shall answer your question after class.4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!5.They went hunting together early in the morning.6.His job is to train swimmers.7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8.There is going to be an American film tonight.9.H

14、e is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10.His wish is to become a scientist.11.He managed to finish the work in time.12.Tom came to ask me for advice.13.He found it important to master English.14.Do you have anything else to say?15.To be honest;your pronunciation is not so good.16.Would you please tell

15、 me your address?17.He sat there,reading a newspaper.18.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19.He noticed a man enter the room.20.The apples tasted sweet.1.Timeflies.2.The moonrose.3.The mancooked.4.We alleat,and drink.5.Everybodylaughed?6.Iwoke.7.They8.He9.He10.They基本句型基本句型二二+主系表主系表

16、此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个说明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be,look,feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类，表示情况；get,grow,become,turn,go 等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,remain,stand3形容词，名词，现在分词，过去分词，不定式，介词都可以放在某些连系动词后做表语。1.This2.The dinner3.He4.Everything5.

17、He6.The book7.The weather8.His face2talked for half an hour.walked yesterdayis playinghave gone展示点拨展示点拨英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：+主谓基本句型二：+主系表基本句型三：+主谓宾基本句型四：+IO+主谓间宾直宾基本句型五：+主谓宾宾补基本句型基本句型一一+主谓主谓此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。这些动词常见的有：take place,happen,break out,appear,disap

18、pear,apologize,arrive,come,die,exist,fall,rise,hang(可作及物动词或不及物动词)等等。2有些动词如 wash,sell,burn，write,clean,draw,cook,read等等可以在后面加副词表示主语的性质。是系动词issmells(闻)felllooksisisbecameturned(表语)an English dictionary.good.happy.different.tall and strong.interesting.warmer.red.基本句型基本句型三三+主谓宾主谓宾此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都

19、是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。实义动词(宾语)Whoknowsthe answers?She laugh at herHe understands EnglishHe made cakesThey ate some applesDanny likes donutsI want to have a cup of teaHe said“Good morning”3 主语 谓语宾语这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名

20、词或从句。如：1我要一杯茶。2他喜欢每天练习口语。3我昨天看了一部名叫Gone With The Wind的电影。注意注意：只能跟不定式不定式做宾语的动词有：afford，agree，choose，decide，demand，desire，determine,fail，hope，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，seek，wish，arrange，learn，etc.动词之后只能跟动名词动名词做宾语:acknowledge 承认，admit，appreciate 感激，avoid，consider，delay，deny，disli

21、ke，prevent，enjoy，escape，finish，imagine，keep，mind，practice，quit放弃，risk，stand，suggest，advise 等；动词短语有：go on，give up，put off，feel like 等。练习：(1)你能想象他通过这次考试了吗？(imagine)2你做完作业了吗？(finish)3我们必须防止再犯这样的错误。avoid4你介不介意我在这吸烟？mind3基本句型基本句型四四+IO+IO+主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一

22、个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。4.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。这类词常有 pass,give,offer,bring,buy，show,teach,ask等这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：1)动词 宾语 for sb.(buy,)；2)动词 宾语to sb.(give,offer,show)如：测试题：1昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车做为生日礼物。_2请把你的画给我。_3他问了我一个奇怪的问题。_5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语所谓宾语补足语是用来补充

23、说明宾语内容的。通常放在宾语的后面。如：The news made me excited.这里 excited 就是 me 的宾语补足语。1、不定式作宾补A.A.不定式前带不定式前带 to to常用的动词有:advise,cause,allow,drive,encourage,expect,force,intend,invite,permit,tell,trust,urge,persuade,remind,teach,want,warn,get,ask,forbid,beg,require,tempt,enable,lead,等,以及表示 情感状态的动词 love,like,prefer,ha

24、te 等后面跟带 to 的不定式作补语.汉译英练习：1.他叫我跟他一起去逛街。2.村民们不允许他们做这。(allow)3.老师告诉他今晚六点钟过来这里。4.他说服了弟弟上床睡觉。5.玛丽提醒我要准时参加会议 6.爸爸警告我不要吸烟。B.B.不定式前不带不定式前不带 to to表示 感觉的动词 see,hear,watch,notice,observe,feel 等和三个表示 致使的动词 make,have,let 后面跟不带 to 的不定式作补语.小试身手：1.我听到了他在房间里唱歌。2.我让他打扫了教室。3.我注意到他走进了那家工厂。C.不定式为 to be在一些动词后面的宾语补足语常是to

25、 be，如：believe,consider,declare,find,imagine,know,prove,suppose,feel,think,understand等等。汉译英1.这个答案证明是错的。2.我认为他是一个好学生。2、分词作宾补分词作宾语补足语时，如果分词与宾语构成主谓关系，用现在分词；如果构成 动宾关系，则用过去分词。常用分词作宾语补足语的动词有：find,feel,get,have,hear,keep,notice,see,watch，make,leave 等。练习：1.我让机器整个晚上在运转。have_2.我听到我的名字被人叫。hear_3.我注意到杯子碎了。notice

26、_4.老师让学生一直在阅读课文。(keep)_5.我让门锁着。keep_3、形容词作宾补常用形容词作宾补的动词有:keep,leave,find,make,feel,think,consider等1.学生要保持课室清洁。2.不要留着门开着。3.我觉察这本书很有趣。4.我觉得跟他聊天很有趣。44、名词作宾补常用名词作宾补的动词有：find,name,call,elect,make,choose 等例如：The couple named the child TomWe choose him monitor5、由 as 构成的短语作宾补常用 as 构成的短语作宾补的动词有：consideras,tr

27、eatas,regardas,look onas,haveas,takeas,think ofas 等6There be 句型此句型是由 there+be+主语+状语构成，用以表达存在有，一种无主语的有。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如，现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were将来有 there will be/there is/are going to be.可能有 there might be.肯定有 there must be/there mu

28、st have been.过去一直有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 此句型有时不用 be 动词，而用 live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive,等。合作探究：小组合作，快乐学习判断以下句子属于哪种类型1.I heard the girl playing the piano in the next room。2.There used to be a well in the village.3.He ha

29、s lived in the cottage for over 15years.3.what he said made me angry.4.The soup tastes delicious.5.The teacher saw two boys play football on the playground.5Mr Smith invited me to have dinner yesterday。6.The old man is telling the children a story.7.In front of our teaching building stand some trees

30、.8.we should respect our tacher.9.The sun rises in the east.10.I had my bike repaired last week.当堂检测当堂检测1.I am sorry to have kept you _.A.wait B.to waitC.waitingD.waited2.She found her dog _over by a car on the road.A.run B.ranC.to runD.拓展提高拓展提高1.I think _a bad habit to get up late.A.that B.itC.this

31、D.its2.He found his money _.A.steal B.stealing C.stolenD.to stealrunning3.Rose is going to have her hair _.A.doB.done C.did D.doing4.She felt somebody _her.A.touchedB.touchesC.touchD.to touch5.She taught him _speak English.A.howB.how could he C.how he couldD.how to6.He didnt enjoy the play because h

32、e _.A.was boring B.boredC.was boredD.boring7.I will make your dream _.A.comes true B.to come true C.coming trulyD.come true8.He warned _home.A.us to not goB.us not to goC.we not goD.us not go9.Canned food does not go _.A.bed easily B.badly easy C.bad easy D.badly easily10.The sad news kept her _all

33、the night.A.awakeB.wakenC.wakeD.to wake3.Roses in bloom smell _.A.sweetlyB.sweetC.sweetenD.sweetness4.We must have the machine _.A.to repairB.repairingC.repairD.repaired5.She was lying in the sofa _a book.A.reading B.readC.to readD.to reading6.A television set will keep us _of the news of the day.A.

34、informB.to informC.informedinforming7.The speaker found himself _all alone.A.leftB.leave C.leavingD.to leave8.The speaker found himself _.A.misunderstand B.misunderstanding C.misunderstoodD.to misunderstand9.-My watch is broken.Why dont you _.A.take a repairer your watchB.take your watch a repairer

35、C.take to a repairer it D.take it to a repairer10.I heard you went to the museum yesterday and couldnt find _the hotel.A.how to return to B.how you could go forC.the way back for D.the way back to11.Yesterday was my birthday.My mother _.A.made a cake to me B.made a cake me C.made for me a cake D.made me a cake12.He was seen_ by the river yesterday.A to play B played C to be play D play5D.