现在完成时.pdf

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1、现在完成时现在完成时一定义：一定义：1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果例：The car has arrived.车子来了。结果：车子已在门口Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。结果：窗户仍破着2.表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态，甚至有可能继续延续下去。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在包括“现在”在内的一段时间的状语连用,如 for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词 how long 等。这时表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词延续性动词。My uncle has worked

2、 at this factory for five years.我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。Mr.Black has lived in China since 2002.自从 2002 年 Mr.Black 一直住在中国。How long have you been here?你来这里多久了？二现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成：pastpresentfuture肯定式：主语+助动词 have/has+动词的过去分词.疑问式：助动词 Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词?否认式:主语+助动词 have/has+not+动词的过去分词.例句：Has he gone to the librar

3、y?他是去了图书馆吗？Yes,he has.是的，是去那里了。No,he hasnt.不，他没去那里。How long has Mrs Smith been in Beijing？Smith 夫人来北京多长时间了？三用法：1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。-Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)-Are you free?-I have finished my homework.I am free.(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)2.表示过去已经开始,持续到现

4、在的动作或状态.I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了 10 多年的英语。(从 10 年前开始,持续到现在还在学)She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时。(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)3.经验性用法:表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。常与频度副词如 often,always,every week,twice 等连用。I have been to the Summer Palace twice.我曾经去过颐和园两次。He has alwa

5、ys said so.他总是这么说.四现在完成时的标志词：(一)当句中有 never(从来没有),ever(曾经),just(刚刚),already(肯定),yet(否认),before(以前)，recently(近来)，so far(到目前为止)，in the past/last fewYears(在过去几年里)等时，常用现在完成时。aalready 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；yet 用于否认句和疑问句。He has already left here.他已经离开这里了。Has he already left here?他真的已经离开这里了吗？表示加强语气My teac

6、hers havent had breakfast yet.我的老师们还没有吃早饭。Have you written to your parents yet?你已经给你父母写过信了吗？bnever 是否认词，表示“从来没有”，而 ever 表示“曾经”We have never been to the Great Wall.我们从来没有去过长城。Have you ever been to Canada?你们曾经去过加拿大吗？cjust 表示“刚刚”用于完成时态时，与 already，never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词 have/has 和动词过去分词之间He has just come

7、 back.他刚刚回来。They have just finished the work.他们刚刚完成那项工作。（二）当句中有for+段时间或since+点时间等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，假设是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。afor+一段时间I have been here for 5 weeks.Hes studied English for 3 years.bsince+表示过去某一时间的)时间点I have been here since 2000.I have been here since 5 years ago.I have been

8、here since I graduated in 2000.注 1):since 也可单独使用,表示“自那时起”;另外 since 前也可加上 ever,以加强语气.Eg.I have been here(ever)since.I have been here(ever)since I graduated in 2000.注 2):对 for 或 since 引导的时间状语提问必须用 how long,决不能用 when.I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2

9、 hour ago.How long has she stood here?五现在完成时注意事项：现在完成时注意事项：leave-be away(from)come/go(to)-be(in/at)arrive(at/in)-be(in/at)get(to)-be(in/at)reach-be(in/at)buy-haveborrow-keepfinish-be overjoin-be in/be a/an.start/begin-be ondie-be deadclose-be closedopen-be openreturn-be backmarry-be marriedbecome-be

10、如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。The film has been on for 5 minutes.电影已开始五分钟了。We have studied English for three years.我们开始学英语已三年了。2.have been 与 have gone 的用法比较have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的

11、途中或已在那儿了。have been in意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？You have never been there,have you?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？I have been to Guiling,I went there last year.我去过桂林，我去年去的。She has gone to Nanjing.她已经去南京了。1 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯表达过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。I saw this film yesterd

12、ay.强调动作发生的时间是 yesterday。I have seen this film.强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。2 一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：ago,last week/.In 2008,in the past,just now,the day before yesterday,yesterday.Then(那时),that day,oneday,once(从前)现在完成时常和 recently 近来，ever,never,twice,so far到目前为止,since，for，in the past/last few years,already肯定句,yet

13、否认，疑问句,just(刚刚),before 以前连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如 live,teach,learn,work,study,know.现在完成时历年中考真题现在完成时历年中考真题一一.has.has gonegone to,to,hashas beenbeen to,to,hashas beenbeen inin 的区别的区别1(11 黑龙江绥化)-Where is Bob?-He _ to Harbin for a meeting.A wentB has beenC has gone2(11 南宁)Sh

14、e isnt at the cinema now because shethe library.A.has been toB.have been to C.have gone to D.has gone to3(11 烟台)I think the man over there must be Bob.B.-It_ be him.He has_ to Australia.A.cant,gone B.cant,been C.may not,been D.mustnt,gone4【2011江苏徐州】Are you going to the bank,Laura?No,I _ to the bank

15、already.A.have been B.have gone C.am goingD.had been5【2011 呼和浩特】-Oh,you are here.Im looking for you all the morning._?-Tothe library.A.Where have you goneB.Where will you goC.Where are you goingD.Where have you been?6【2011 四川雅安】They _ England and they will be back next week.A.have gone toB.have been

16、 toD.has been on7【2011 辽宁本溪】Is Mr.Smith still in Shanghai?Yes,he _ there for two months.A.has been B.has gone C.has been to D.has gone to8【2011 江苏泰州】How well do you know the Opera House?I know the place very well.I _ Sydney many times.A.have been in B.have been to C.have gone toD.have arrived in二.A

17、A 现在完成时现在完成时看关键词选答案看关键词选答案 常见关键词有常见关键词有since+since+时间点、时间点、for+for+时间段、时间段、already,already,yet,yet,soso far,far,once,once,twice,twice,manymany timestimes 等等1【2011 贵州毕节】I_ many new friends since I came hereAmakeBmadeCwill makeDhave made2【2011 福建莆田】Mrs.Wangcame back from France in 2010.She _ there for

18、 four years.A.worksB.workedC.has worked3【2011 北京】My aunt is a writer.She _ more than ten books since 1980.A.writes B.wroteC.has writtenD.will write4(11 河南)Excuse me,where is Mr.Brownsoffice?Sorry,I dont know.I _ here for only a few days.A.workB.workedC.have worked D.will work5(11 泉州)Dad,I _station f

19、or 30 minutes.But nobody came to meet me.Dont worry.I will go to meet you soon.A.arrived atB.have been atC.will reach6(11 陕西)Some students in Shanghai _e-bags for several months.A.haveB.have hadC.hadD.will haveB B 现在完成时现在完成时 没有关键词，根据句义判断，即过去发生的动作对现在产生了影没有关键词，根据句义判断，即过去发生的动作对现在产生了影响。响。1【2011 河北省】I_my

20、 homework.I guess I cant join you.A.dont finishB.didnt finishC.havent finished D.wont finish2【2011 重庆江津】A:How clean the bedroom is!B:Yes,I am sure that someone _ it.A.cleans B.cleaned C.has cleaned D.had cleaned3【2011 广西贵港】My pen pal said he would write to me,but I _ any letters from him so far.A.wo

21、nt receiveB.havent received C.hadnt received D.didnt receive4【2011 广 西 贺 州】Our country _the sixth population census(人 口 普查)already.A.finished B.has finished C.will finish D.finishes5【2011 湖北襄阳】-Why wont you go to the movie with me,Gina?-Because I _ it twice.A.seeB.have seenC.sawD.will seeC C 现在完成时现在

22、完成时 瞬间动词变延续性动词，如瞬间动词变延续性动词，如joinjoinbebe in,in,beginbeginbebe on,on,leaveleavebebe away,away,borrowborrowkeep,keep,buybuyhave,have,marrymarrybebe marriedmarried 等等1【2011 四川雅安】She _ this book for nearly three weeks.A.has borrowedB.has lentC.has boughtD.has kept2【2011 广东清远】Echo _ for half a month.Shel

23、l come hack in two months.A.leftB leaveC.has leftD.has been away3【2011 贵州遵义】Thomas _ the army for two years,so he misses his mother very much.A.has joinedB.has taken part inC.has been in4【2011 重庆】I _my hometown for a long time.I really miss it!A.left B.went away from C.have left D.have been away fro

24、m5【2011 江苏淮安】British Prince William(威廉王子)and Kate _ for nearly two months.A.marriedB.have married C.have been married D.have got married6【2011 广东肇庆】Youare too late.The film _ since half an hour ago.A.has begunB.has been onC.began7【2011 四川达州】Do you know Lucys grandma?Of course.She is a kind woman,but

25、 she has_ for about a month since she _ in the accident.A.been dead;was killed B.died;was killed C.been dead;killed D.died;killedD D 现在完成时被动结构现在完成时被动结构1【2011 四川资阳】So far this year,many new houses _ in Wenchuanwith the help of the government.A.buildB.are builtC.will buildD.have been built2【2011 广西柳州】

26、Half of the work _ by now.A.has finishedB.has been finishedC.have been finished3【2011 海南张家界】The news _ to the public yet.Only a few people know.A.hasnt toldB.has been toldC.hasnt been told42010 南京中考Can you sing this English song?-Of course,I can.It _many times on the radio.A.taught B.has taught C.is

27、 taught D.has been taught综合小检测综合小检测1.My aunt is a writer.She _ more than ten books since 1980.A.writesB.wroteC.has writtenD.will write2.My grandmother _ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here.A.seesB.can seeC.will seeD.has seen3.Some students in Shanghai _ e-bags for several months.A.haveB.

28、have hadC.hadD.will have4.-Ive not finished my project yet.-Hurry up!Our friends _ for us.(2011 江苏南京,12)A.have waitedB.waitC.waitingD.are waiting5.The last time I _ to the cinema was two years ago.(2011 浙江杭州,21)A.goB.have goneC.have beenD.went6.-Have you ever been to Shanghai?-Yes.I _ there a few mo

29、nth ago.A.have beenB.wentC.have goneD.been7.-Would you like to go and see Avatar with me tonight?-Thank you very much,but I _ it already.(2010 天津,43)A.seeB.will seeC.have seenD.am seeing8.Tina and her parents _ to England for sightseeing last summer.(2010 上海,40)A.goB.wentC.will goD.have gone9.The Ha

30、rry potter books _ pretty popular since they were published.A.becomeB.will becomeC.have becomeD.are becoming10.Miss Gao isnt here.She _ to the bus station to meet Mr.Brown.A.goB.has goneC.has beenD.would go11.Why not come over at the weekend?My family _ seeing you again.A.enjoyedB.would enjoyC.will

31、enjoyD.have enjoyed12.Sam _ Chinese since he came to China.He speaks good Chinese now.A.learnsB.learnedC.has learnedD.will learn13.-When _ your mother _ you that blue dress,Mary?-Sorry,I really cant remember.A.does;buyB.has;boughtC.had;boughtD.did;buy14.-How long have Mr.and Mrs.Smith _?-For more th

32、an twenty years.A.marriedB.had marriedC.got marriedD.been married15.-The TV show Home With kids is so wonderful.You shouldnt miss it.-If I have time,I _ it.A.seeB.sawC.will seeD.have seen16.-Is that Mr.Green speaking?-Sorry,he isnt in.He _ abroad on business last week.(2011上海)A.goB.wentC.will goD.ha

33、s gone17.They say there is a new restaurant near here.Yes,and it _ for more than a week.(2011湖北武汉)A.has been openB.opensC.is openingD.is open18.Alice,turn down the TV,please.I _ on the phone.(2011 海南)A.have talkedB.talkedC.am talkingD.talk19.-Will Jenny come tomorrow?-Im not sure.She _ an hour ago w

34、ithout saying anything.(2011 湖北)A.has leftB.leftC.leaveD.will leave20._ many students in China ever _ to westerners before?(2010江苏南京)A.Are,speakingB.Do,speakC.Did,speakD.Have,spoken21.-Hi Jimmy!Nice to meet you!-Hi!Its one year since I last 上次_you.A.sawB.seeC.seeingD.have seen22.The children _ a P.E.class on the playground when it suddenly beganto rain.A.haveB.are havingC.hadD.were having23.I _ this book for two weeks.I have to return it now.(2010 河北)A.borrowB.have borrowedC.keptD.have kept24.Help!Wang Qiang _ an accident.(2009山东)A.was havingB.had hadC.has hadD.will have