英语四六级翻译.pdf

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1、针对传统文化，需要掌握以下文化语句的通用表达，必背16 句!一、对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。Chinese Dragon Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years.Theancients in China considered the dragon(or long)a fetish that com

2、bines animals including the fish,snake,horse and ox with cloud,thunder,lightning and other natural celestial phenomena.TheChinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinesenation.To the Chinese,the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.二、秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈

3、，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同事他们也乐在其中。Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China.It is usually performed in northernprovinces.The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes,and

4、the performance is powerfuland rapid.During some festivals such as Spring Festival,Lantern Festival,if people hear thesound of drum and gong,no matter how cold the weather is,they will come to street andappreciate the Yangko.Recent years,the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the

5、team of Yangko by themselves,the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year.三、长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城东起山海关，西至嘉峪关大部分都是在明代修建的。The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that c

6、reated by human beings!If you come toChina without climbing the Great Wall,its just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower;or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids!Men often say,He who doest not reach theGreat Wall is not a true man.In fact,it began as independent walls for differ

7、ent states when it wasfirst built,and did not become the Great Wall until the Qin Dynasty.However,the wall we seetoday,starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayuguan Pass in the west,was mostly builtduring the Ming Dynasty.四、饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。饺子的制作是包括：1 擀皮、2 备馅、3 包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄

8、馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。Dumplings Dumplings are one of the Chinese people s favorite traditional dishes.According to anancient Chinese legend,dumplings were first made by the medical saint-Zhang Zhongjing.Thereare three ste

9、ps involved in making dumplings:1)make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour;2)prepare the dumpling stuffing;3)make dumplings and boil them.With thin and elastic doughskin,fresh and tender stuffing,delicious taste,and unique shapes,dumplings are worth eatinghundreds of times.There s an old saying

10、that claims,“Nothing could be more delicious thandumplings”.During the Spring Festival and other holidays,or when treating relatives and friends,Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings.To Chinese people whoshow high reverence for family love,having dumplings at the mo

11、ment the old year is replaced bythe new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.五、针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。按照中医的经络理论，针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、调和气血，来到达阴阳归于平衡，使脏腑趋于调和之目的。其特点是“内病外治”。主要疗法是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位，或用艾火的温热刺激烧灼病人的穴位，以到达刺激经络。治疗病痛的目的。针灸以其独特的优势，流传至今并传播到了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外誉为中国的“新四大国粹”。A

12、cupuncture Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Inaccordance with the“main and collateral channels”theory in TCM,the purpose of acupunctureis to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood,so as to keep the body s yin and yang balancedand achieve reconciliation betw

13、een the internal organs.It features in traditional Chinese medicinethat“internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”.The main therapy of acupunctureinvolves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patients body,or adopting moxibustionto stimulate the patients acupoints so as t

14、o stimulate the channels and relieve pain.With itsunique advantages,acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has nowspread all over the world.Nowadays,acupuncture,along with Chinese food,kung fu(otherwiseknown as Chinese martial arts),and traditional Chinese medicine,has been

15、 internationally hailedas one of the“four new national treasures.”六、中国功夫即中国武术，是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项目，承载着丰富的中国民族传统文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说，同时兼容了道家、释家的思想。中国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔并济、内外兼修，蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟。后世所称十八般武艺，主要指：徒手拳艺，如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。Chinese Kung Fu Chinese kung fu,or Chinese martial arts

16、,carries traditional Chinese culture inabundance.It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defence in combatand the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks.The core idea of Chinese king fu isderived from the Confucian theory of both“the mean and harmony”and“cult

17、ivating qi”(otherwise known as nourishing ones spirit).Meanwhile,it also includes thoughts of Taoism andBuddhism.Chinese kung fu has a long history,with multi-various sects and many different boxingstyles,and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training.Itcontains th

18、e ancient great thinkers pondering of life and the universe.The skills in wielding the18 kinds of weapons named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handedboxing,such as shadow boxing(Taijiquan),form and will boxing(Xingyiquan),eight trigrampalm(Baguazhang),and the skills of ku

19、ng fu weaponry,such as the skill of using swords,spears,two-edged swords and halberds,axes,tomahawks,kooks,prongs and so on.七、汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过不断演变发展最终成为一种兼具音、形、意韵的独特文字。现存中国古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现代汉字的初形。此后，汉字又经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同的阶段。汉字结构“外圆内方“，源于古人”天圆地方“的观念。汉字有五种基本笔画，即：横、竖、撇、捺、折。Chinese characters wer

20、e initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember things.After a long period of development,it finally became a unique character system that embodiesphonetic sound,image,idea,and rhyme at the same time.The writing system,which wasextremely advanced in ancient times,began with insc

21、riptions on bones and tortoise shells,andthese are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters.Afterwards,Chinese characterswent through numerous calligraphic styles:bronze inscriptions,official script,regular script,cursive script,running script,etc.Chinese characters are usually round out

22、side and square inside,which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth.The fivebasic strokes of Chinese characters are“-“(the horizontal stroke)“”(the vertical stroke),“”(the left-falling stroke),“”(the right-falling stroke),and“乙”(the turning stroke).八、中国人使用筷子

23、就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能。中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。与使用刀叉以及手抓的 方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵“的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明。Chinese Chopsticks The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world.Therecorded history of chopsticks started more than three thous

24、and years ago.Chopsticks were namedzhu in ancient Chinese.They look deceptively simple to use,but possess multi-various functions,such as clamping,turning over,lifting up,raking,stirring,scooping,poking,tearing,and so on.Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient Chi

25、na.For example,the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate ablessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon.Unlike using a knife and fork or onesown hands,a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of“Harmony is what matters”.Chopsticks

26、are highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization.九、印章就是图章。中国历代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同的称谓，而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。据史料记载，印章在战国时代已普遍使用。印章的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻而成，形状以圆、方为主。印章用朱色 钤盖，除日常应用外，又多用于书画题识，逐渐成为中国特有的艺术形式之一。Chinese Seal A seal can also be defined as a stamp.Both the Ch

27、inese official and private seal ofvarious dynasties have different titles,such as stamp,zhu note,contract,fu,lease and others.Theseals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi,yin,bao,etc.According to historicalrecords,seals were widely used during the Warring States Period(475BC-221BC).

28、The making ofa seal is to engrave fonts,such as seal characters and official script and so on;or images in theform of intaglio and embossment into the seal,basically shaped as round or square.Covered witha vermilion overlay,the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life,but it is also used to repre

29、sentsignatures on paintings and calligraphies.It is gradually becoming one of Chinas uniqueartworks.十、天干地支是中国历法中用以记录和命名年岁的方法。十天干为：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支为：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人观测朔望月，发现月亮圆缺 12 次大体上是一年的天数，而两个朔望月约是 60 天。古人以十天干与十二地支的顺序依次相配，记录不同年份，60 年为一个轮回。干支纪年法从古沿用至今。按干支纪年法，2011 年便是辛卯年。Chinese Er

30、a The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording andnaming years.The ten Heavenly Stems are:jia,yi,bing,ding,wu,ji,geng,xin,ren,gui.Thetwelve Earthly Branches are:zi.chou,yin,mou,chen,si,wu,wei,shen,you,xu,hai.Afterobserving the lunar month,the ancients found that the moo

31、n always wazes and wanes roughly 12times a year,and two lunar months account for about 60 days,so the order of the ten HeavenlyStems and the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn.In terms ofrecording date,60 years is considered to be a full time cycle.The Chinese era chro

32、nology was firstinvented in ancient times and is still in use now.according to the chronology of the“ten HeavenlyStems,”2011 is the year of“the seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems”and“the fifth of thetwelve Earthly Branches”.十一、京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”，是地道的中国国粹。它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，特别是南方的“徽班”。到了19 世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏曲剧种。

33、京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱歌唱、念念白、做表演、打武、舞舞蹈为一体，通过程式化的表演手段，表达故事，刻画人物。角色主要分生男性、旦女性、净男性、丑男性女性皆有四大行当。Chinese Beijing Opera Praised as“Oriental Opera”,Beijing Opera is a genuine nationalquintessence of China.It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas,especially huiban insouthern China.At the end of the 19t

34、h Century,Beijing Opera evolved and took shape,becomingthe greatest kind of opera in China.Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts-song,speech,performance,acrobatix fighting and dance.Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot andcharacters through stylized acting.The main types of roles in Be

35、ijing Opera are sheng(male),dan(young female),jing(painted face,male),and chou(clown,male or female).十二、道教是中国土生土长长的宗教。创始人是春秋末期的哲学家、思想家老子。道教以老子所著的道德经为主要经典。道教主张“重人贵生”。崇尚清静无为，修身养性。“道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。无名天地之始；有名万物之母。故常无，欲以观其妙；常有，欲以观其徼”便是老子的至理名言。Chinese Taoism Taoism first originated in China.The founder of

36、Taoism is Laozi,a philosopherand thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period(770BC-476BC).Tao Te Ching whoseauthorship has been attributed to Laozi,is considered to be the main Taoist classic.Taoismadvocates the value of a human being s life,recommends the discarding of all desires and wo

37、rriesfrom ones mind,and encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment ofhuman nature.The following is an example of Laozis golden saying:The way that can be told ofis not an unvarying way;The names that can be named are not unvarying names.It was from thenameless that Heaven and

38、Earth sprang;The named is but the mother that rears the ten thousandcreatures,each after its kind.Truly,only he that rids himself forever of desire can see the secretessences;He that has never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes.十三、中国成语是汉语中意义完整的表示一般概念的固定词组或短语。“成语”中的“成”既是约定俗成。成语是比词大而语法功能又

39、相当于词的语言单位。绝大多数的中国成语由四个汉字组成，例如：自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。成语主要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成，是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分。Chinese Idioms Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases andexpressions.Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice.Anidiom is a language unit

40、 that is larger than a word,but has the same grammatical function as aword.Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters.For example,ziqiangbuxi(makeunremitting efforts to improve oneself),qingchuyulan(bluer than indigo),and houjibofa(successcomes with time and effort).Idioms are extrated from folk

41、 proverbs,ancient works of literature,poems,fables,allusions,and well-known sayings.Idioms are a part of the Chinese language thatare concise and have great vitality.十四、中国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。商周时期丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。西汉时张骞通西域，把中原与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成

42、为中国文化的象征。东方文明的使者。China is the home of silk.Mulberry planting,sericulture,silk reeling and thickening are all greatinventions of the ancient Chinese.As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties(1600BC-256BC),the Chinese peoples silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level.During theWestern

43、 Han Dynasty(206BC-25AD),Zhang Qian,an outstanding diplomat,travelled aroundcentral Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean,opening up a newera of Sino-foreign trade,exchange and communication.From then on,Chinas silk became wellknown for its extraordinary quality,exquis

44、ite design and color,and abundant culture connotations.Hitherto,Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary oforiental civilization.十五、中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开”。游赏中国古典园林，能充分领略“假自然之景，创山水真趣”的园林意境。在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史

45、上的渊源之一。The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture.It is a kindof environment art,which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers,plants andbuildings with the natural landscape.The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is“artifi

46、cial as it is,the garden must look ingenious and natural.”When you go sightseeing in aChinese classical garden,you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept which“makes useof the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains and rivers for viewers.”Of the worlds three major garden sy

47、stems,the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of theworlds garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.十六、笔墨纸砚是中国古代文人书房当中必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”。用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。秦时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔；汉代以人工制墨替代了天然墨；有了纸张以后，简牍锦帛逐失其用；砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。“文房四宝”到宋朝以后特指湖笔、徽墨、宣纸、端砚。可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。The Four

48、Treasures of the Study The writing brush,ink stick,ink stone,and paper were requisitetreasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China,and they are often referred to as the“FourTreasures of the Study.”The writing brush and ink stick have been used by the Chinese to writeand paint since 5,000 y

49、ears ago.In the Qin Dynasty(221BC-206BC),people already usedfeathers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes.During the Han Dynasty(206BC-220AD),man-made ink was used instead of natural ink.After paper was invented by theChinese,bamboo slips,wooden tablets,brocade and silk,which orig

50、inally functioned as writingsurfaces,gradually faded out.The ink stone was first developed with the use of writing brushesand ink.After the Song Dynasty(960AD-1279AD),the“Four Treasure of the Study”particularly referred to hubi,the writing brush produced in Huzhou,Zhejiang province;huimo,theink stic