2021-2022学年重大版英语必修一配套文档：Unit 3 Period Three.pdf

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1、1 Period ThreeGrammar&Writing 语法精析 一、概念 直接引述别人的原话，放在引号内，被引用的部分称作直接引语(The Direct Speech)；用自己的话转述别人的话，不用引号，被转述的部分称作间接引语(The Indirect Speech)。间接引语在句子结构上是复合句的宾语从句。二、规则 英语中，将直接引语变为间接引语时要注意：语序、主语、时态、人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等发生变化。1陈述句 直接引语是陈述句变为间接引语时，首先使用 that 引导，口语中 that 可以省略；主句谓语如果是 said to.须改为 told；其他作下

2、列变化：(1)人称变化：遵循“一从主，二从宾，第三人称不更新”的原则。“一从主”，即在直接引语变为间接引语时，如果从句中主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按主句主语的人称进行变化。“I have already done my homework，”she told me.She told me that she had already done her homework.“二从宾”，即在直接引语变为间接引语时，若从句中的主语或宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰，从句中的人称应与主句中宾语的人称一致。Mary said to me，“Your mother is going to t

3、he party the day after tomorrow.”Mary told me that my mother was going to the party in two days time.“第三人称不更新”，即在直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的第三人称不需要变化。Mr.Smith said，“Robert is a good worker.”Mr.Smith said that Robert was a good worker.即时跟踪 1 单句改错(1)She said that I would go there that evening.Ishe(2)He said that

4、 my family had been there for many years.myhis(3)He asked me how your mother was then.yourmy 2(2)时态变化：如果主句谓语动词(即直接引语前面或后面的动词)是过去时态，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态必须和主句的过去形式一致。即：一般现在时一般过去时 现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时 一般过去时过去完成时 过去完成时(不变)一般将来时过去将来时 注意如果主句谓语动词是现在时态，变成间接引语时，时态不变。He says，“I have accepted her suggestion.”He say

5、s that he has accepted her suggestion.Lucy says，“I dont like math.”Lucy says that she doesnt like math.如果直接引语是客观事实和真理，变成间接引语时，即使主句是过去时，时态也不变。Our teacher said，“Light travels much faster than sound.”Our teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.如果直接引语是一般过去时且有具体的过去时间，时态不变。He said，“I was bo

6、rn in 1998.”He said that he was born in 1998.即时跟踪 2 将下列直接引语变为间接引语(1)Jim said，“Im expecting a long distance call.”Jim said that he was expecting a long distance call.(2)She said，“I have not heard from my parents for a long time.”She said that she had not heard from her parents for a long time.(3)He s

7、aid，“I came to help you.”He said that he had come to help me.(4)Mary said，“Well have a party next week.”Mary said that they would have a party the next week.(3)时间状语的变化：nowthen todaythat day 3 yesterdaythe day before tonightthat night agobefore tomorrowthe next/following day next weekthe next/followi

8、ng week last nightthe night before last weekthe week before(4)地点状语的变化：herethere(如果说话的地点仍在原地，则仍用 here。)(5)指示代词的变化：thisthatthesethose(6)表示方向的动词变化：comegobringtake(如果说话人地点仍在原地，则不变。)即时跟踪 3 将下列直接引语变为间接引语(1)She said，“I will come this evening.”She said that she would go that evening.(2)He said，“It is eight

9、oclock now.”He said that it was eight oclock then.(3)Tom said，“I havent seen John today.”Tom said that he hadnt seen John that day.(4)She said，“I will bring my dictionary here tomorrow.”She said that she would take her dictionary there the next/following day.(5)He said，“My sister was here three days

10、 ago.”He said that his sister had been there three days before.2一般疑问句 直接引语是一般疑问句变为间接引语时，除了人称、时态、时间、地点等作相应变化外，还有：(1)主句中的 said 改为 asked(sb.)。(2)间接引语用 if 或 whether 引导。(3)原直接引语中疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。She said，“Is your father at home？”She asked(me)whether my father was at home.3特殊疑问句 4 直接引语是特殊疑问句变为间接引语时，除了人称、时态、时间

11、、地点等作相应变化外，还有：(1)主句中的 said 改为 asked(sb.)。(2)直接引语中的疑问词不变。(3)原直接引语中疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。“What do you do every Sunday morning？”my friend asked me.My friend asked me what I did every Sunday morning.4选择疑问句 直接引语是选择疑问句，除了有陈述句改为间接引语的那些变化外，还有：(1)主句中的 said 改为 asked，wondered 等。(2)间接引语由 whether.or 或 if.or 引导。(3)原直接引语中的

12、疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。He said，“Is the door open or closed？”He asked me whether/if the door was open or closed.5反意疑问句 直接引语是反意疑问句，变间接引语时直接引语也变为由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句，用陈述语序。“You have worked here for a long time，havent you？”he asked.He asked(me)if/whether I had worked there for a long time.即时跟踪 4 将下列句子变为间接引语或直接引

13、语(1)Tom said，“Can you come this afternoon，John？”Tom asked if/whether John could go that afternoon.Tom asked John if/whether he could go that afternoon.(2)The boy asked me if I was a teacher.The boy asked，“Are you a teacher？”(3)She said to me，“Hes here to ask for help，isnt he？”She asked me if/whether

14、 he was there to ask for help.(4)Mr.Li asked Sara what she wanted.Mr.Li asked，“What do you want，Sara？”(5)“Do you want to go home or stay here？”she asked.She asked(me)if/whether I wanted to go home or stay there.高考链接.填写空白处所需的内容(1 个单词)或所提供单词的正确形式 5 1You have to know where you re going if you are to pl

15、an the best way of getting there.(2015湖南，26)2We must find out when Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.(2015重庆，8)3James has just arrived，but I didnt know he was coming(come)until yesterday.(2014重庆，8)4Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.(2013

16、北京，33)5“What do you want to be？”asked Mrs.Crawford.“Oh，I will be(be)president，”said the boy，with a smile.(2013湖南，22)6The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.(2011北京，31).完成下列反意疑问句 1I spent two weeks in London last summer.Then you must have visited the British Museum dur

17、ing your stay，didn t you？(2014重庆，10)2There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，is there？(2012江苏，25)3I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did，didnt I？(2011重庆，28).单句改错(每小题仅有一处错误)1When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.(2015全国，短文改错)think

18、thought 2 Hello，boys and girls！Today，I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.(2014四川，短文改错)gogoes 常用句式 1I was so pleased to receive your letter and I am writing to tell you.2In your letter you asked me for some advice on how to improve your spoken English.3Here is my advi

19、ce./My advice for you is this./My advice is that./My advice is as follows.4You had better./You might as well.6 5Im looking forward to hearing from you.典例展示 假定你是李华，你的笔友 Jane 最近总是感觉身体不适，因此写信向你询问如何保持健康。请你根据以下要点提示给她回信。1合理饮食；2锻炼身体；3保证充足睡眠，不要熬夜。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；3可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Jane，I

20、m sorry to hear that you are not very well these days.Best wishes.Yours sincerely，Li Hua 联想词汇 1保持健康 stay/keep healthy 2均衡饮食 a balanced diet 3新鲜水果蔬菜 fresh fruit and vegetables 4有规律的锻炼 regular exercise 5熬夜 stay up 佳作背诵 Dear Jane，Im sorry to hear that you are not very well these days.In your letter you

21、 asked me how to stay healthy.Here is my advice.Firstly，you should keep a balanced diet.You should avoid eating food high in fat and too much sweet food.You d better eat more fresh fruit and vegetables.Secondly，taking exercise every day helps building a strong body.Why not take more exercise in your

22、 spare time？As we all know，exercise is an important part of keeping us healthy.Finally，make sure you have enough sleep and you mustnt stay up too late at night.By eating properly and exercising regularly，you can keep your body at a proper weight and stay healthy.I truly hope my advice is helpful and

23、 youll get well soon.Best wishes.7 Yours sincerely，Li Hua 8 .将下列直接引语变为间接引语 1“Do you know what is going on now？”he asked his mother.He asked his mother whether/if she knew what was going on then.2He said，“Nothing is too difficult if we put our heart into it.”He said that nothing was too difficult if

24、we/they put our/their heart into it.3“I went to university in the 1960s，”he told his students.He told his students that he went to university in the 1960s.4Mr.Smith asked，“How long did it take you to fly to New York，John？”Mr.Smith asked John how long it had taken him to fly to New York.5“You have fi

25、nished your homework，havent you？”my father asked.My father asked me if/whether I had finished my homework.完成句子 6Mother told her son that he must stay at home until she came back.妈妈告诉儿子一定要呆在家里直到她回来。7Our geography teacher told us that the moon moves around the earth.地理老师告诉我们月球绕着地球转。8She told me that s

26、he would finish the work the next week.她告诉我她将在下一个星期完成工作。9Tom asked me whether I liked the red ball or the brown one.汤姆问我是喜欢这个红色的球还是那个褐色的。10He asked me when I joined the army.他问我是什么时候参军的。.阅读理解 A There was a story many years ago of a school teacherMrs.Thompson.She told the children on the first day th

27、at she loved them all the same.But that was a lie.There in the front row was a little boy named Teddy Stoddard.He didnt play well with the other children and he always needed a bath.She did not like him.Then Mrs.Thompson got to know that Teddy was actually a very good boy before the death of his mot

28、her.Mrs.Thompson was ashamed of herself.She felt even worse when，like all her other students，Teddy brought her a Christmas present too.It was his mothers perfume(香水)Teddy said，“Mrs.Thompson，today you smell just like my Mom used to.”Suddenly，she 9 realized that what Teddy really needed was motherly l

29、ove.After the children left she cried for at least an hour.On that very day，she stopped teaching reading，writing and math.Instead，she began to teach children.Mrs.Thomspon paid particular attention to Teddy.The boys mind seemed to come alive.The more she encouraged him，the faster he improved.By the e

30、nd of the sixth grade，Teddy had become one of the smartest children in the class.Six years went by before she got a note from Teddy.He wrote that he had finished high school，third in his class，and she was still the best teacher he ever had in his whole life.He went to college.Mrs.Thompson got two mo

31、re letters from him with the last one signed，Theodore FStoddard，M.D.(医学博士)The story doesnt end there.On his wedding day，Dr.Stoddard whispered(耳 语)in Mrs.Thompsons ear，“Thank you，Mrs.Thompson，for encouraging me.You made me feel important and showed me that I could make a difference.”Mrs.Thomspon，with

32、 tears in her eyes，whispered back，“Teddy，you have it all wrong.You were the one who taught me that I could make a difference.I didnt know how to teach until I met you.”11What did Mrs.Thompson do on the first day of school?AShe made Teddy feel ashamed.BShe asked the children to play with Teddy.CShe c

33、hanged Teddys seat to the front row.DShe told the class something untrue about herself.答案D 解析细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“She told the children on the first day that she loved them all the same.But that was a lie.”可知，汤姆森夫人对学生说的话是不真实的。故选 D。12What did Mrs.Thompson find out about Teddy?AHe often told lies.BHe was

34、good at math.CHe needed motherly care.DHe enjoyed playing with others.答案C 解析细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Suddenly，she realized that what Teddy really needed was motherly love.”可知，她发现 Teddy 需要的是母爱。故选 C。13In what way did Mrs.Thompson change?10 AShe taught fewer school subjects.BShe became strict with her students.C

35、She no longer liked her job as a teacher.DShe cared more about educating students.答案D 解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“On that very day，she stopped teaching reading，writing and math.Instead，she began to teach children.”可知，她开始更关心学生的教育。故选D。14Why did Teddy thank Mrs.Thompson at his wedding?AShe had kept in touch with

36、 him.BShe had given him encouragement.CShe had sent him Christmas presents.DShe had taught him how to judge people.答案B 解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Thank you，Mrs.Thompson，for encouraging me.You made me feel important and showed me that I could make a difference.”可知，Teddy 感谢Thompson 夫人是因为她给了他勇气。故选 B。B Do you re

37、member the name of your kindergarten teacher？I do.Her name was Mrs White.I don t remember much about what we learned in her class，but my mother once told me that we used to write a lot.And I would bring back what I wrote and she would look at it and find there were so many mistakes，but no red correc

38、tions，and always a star.Sometimes even a Good！This worried my mother，so one day when she went to meet Mrs White for one of those ParentTeacher meetings，she asked her why she never redpenciled my mistakes in the right spellings of words or pointed out grammatical errors.“The children are just beginni

39、ng to get excited about using words，or forming sentences.I dont want to damage that enthusiasm with red ink.Spelling and grammar can wait.The wonder of words wont.”Mrs White said.Later I knew that if Mrs White had used her red pen often I probably wouldnt be telling you about this now.I look back no

40、w and think she must have been a rather extraordinary teacher to exercise such redpenrestraint(限制)I used to misspell“beautiful”a lot，and never could quite remember that the“e”went before the“a”It annoyed my teacher in high school.If I was going to employ the word with such lavishness(华丽丰富的语言)，she fi

41、gured，the least I could do was 11 spell it right.Eventually the es and as settled into their right hold as much as you mean sometimes.And thanks to Mrs White，I had no worry about writing what I meant even if I couldn t quite spell it out.Because life isnt“Pretty”Its“Beautiful”15The underlined word“T

42、his”in the second paragraph refers to the fact that .AI always made mistakes in my spelling BMrs White often made wrong corrections CMrs Whites attitude towards my mistakes was special Dmother wanted to know how to improve my spellings 答案C 解析代词指代题。由上文可知，即使作者在写作中出现了很多错误，怀特老师从不给予纠正，而是给颗星星或批阅“Good”，正是老

43、师有这种态度引起了母亲的担心。16From what Mrs White said we can infer that .Agrammar and spelling should be paid more attention to Bchildren dont have the patience in spelling words Cchildrens interest of learning words is very important Dred corrections are used to draw childrens attention 答案C 解析推理判断题。由文章第三段怀特老师不

44、想通过批改孩子们的作文而使他们丧失了对文字的热情可知，孩子们学习文字的兴趣是十分重要的。17The writer may probably think his/her high school teacher .Ataught in the same way as Mrs White had done Bwas not satisfied with his/her mistakes made in spelling Cshould tell him/her how to improve words spelling Dpaid much attention to teach students t

45、o use proper words 答案B 解析推理判断题。根据第四段第四、五句可知，作者的高中老师因为他/她总犯拼写错误而很恼火，甚至告诉作者在想使用华丽的词汇时至少先把单词拼写准确。.语法填空 I felt upset when I 18.was told(tell)that I would have to leave the company.In order to find 19.a new job to support the family，I read almost all the newspapers 20.and set down almost all the telephon

46、e numbers in ads 21.in my notebook and tried to call almost all the companies that needed 12 new clerks.Not until I 22.found(find)a job in a small town near Townsville did I calm down.My new boss，Mr.Brown，was one of my schoolmates 23.who/that/whom I was getting along well with at school.Both of us w

47、ere 24.excited(excite)to see each other and we spent the whole afternoon 25.talking(talk)about things and persons 26.that we remembered at school.He asked me to give him some advice on how to enlarge his present business and he was 27.entirely(entire)happy about my advice.短文改错 When I am in Junior On

48、e，I didnt like my maths teacher for her bad temper.I was also tired of her teaching methods，they were always slow and boring.So，my attitude towards her began to change one afternoon.It was raining heavy and I didnt attend to school.At around 5：30 pm I accepted a phone call.“Are you all right？”asked

49、my maths teacher in quiet voice.On hearing his words，I was surprising and my tears fell down.I knew I misunderstood her and I decided to make friend with her.答案 When I amwas in Junior One，I didnt like my maths teacher for her bad temper.I was also tired of her teaching methods，theywhich were always

50、slow and boring.SoHowever，my attitude towards her began to change one afternoon.It was raining heavyheavily and I didn t attend to school.At around 5：30 pm I acceptedreceived a phone call.“Are you all right？”asked my maths teacher in a quiet voice.On hearing hisher words，I was surprisingsurprised an