“肯定形式”表示“否定含义”三种形式.pdf

《“肯定形式”表示“否定含义”三种形式.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《“肯定形式”表示“否定含义”三种形式.pdf（5页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、高中网校http:/ time no see）；或者，没钱什么都不行（nomoney，no good）；再比如，世上最快乐的人未必拥有最好的东西，他们只是使身边的一切跟随自己的意愿。（The happiest of people dont necessarily have the best ofeverything；they just make the most of everything that comes along their way.）而含蓄的否定因为没有明显的否定词语，使得否定的情感和态度在表达时更加委婉得体。比如，一无所知（be in the dark）；又如，眼不见，心不烦（o

2、ut of sight，out ofmind）；再如，不知所措（be at a loss）。这些表达不禁让我们想起这样一句话：委婉并晦涩着！想要真正领悟这些委婉的否定表达，需要理解英语的思维方式、文化背景和生活习惯。在这里，我们仅仅针对今年高考北京卷阅读理解来学习这种频繁出现的语言形式以委婉（肯定）形式表达否定含义的现象。形式一：几乎不，几乎没有（hardly，seldom，few，little）例 1：（2009 北京，A）When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see the strange an

3、d magical places I had known only from books and pictures.Thecountry I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then.题目：Upon leaving for America the author felt _.A.confused B.excited C.worried D.amazed第二句中 hardly 表明作者即将离开的国家几乎不会出现在脑海中，结合第一句很容易判断出来，作者对目的地充满了期待和憧憬。所以，此题正确答案是 B.例 2：（2010 北

4、京，A）She was so unsettled during those first few days.She hardly ate anythingand had such an air of sadness about her.题目：In her first few days at the authors house，Goldie_.高中网校http:/ worried B.was angry C.ate a little D.sat by the fire第二句中 hardly 表明 Goldie 几乎什么都不吃而且感到很忧伤。C 选项中 a little 表明 Goldie 吃了一些

5、东西，与文章矛盾，排除。B 和 D 未提及，也排除，A 选项自然浮现。如果同学们根据词根词缀的知识，能够理解单词 unsettled 是否定词缀 un-和 settled（安定的）组合在一起的意思，即为“不安的”意思，此题亦可轻松选出A 项。可见，积累常见否定词根词缀的意义在高考阅读中非常明显。例 3：The days of the hunter are almost over in India.This is partly be-causethere is practically nothing left to kill，and partly because some steps have

6、beentaken，mainly by banning tiger-shooting，to protect those animals which stillsurvive.题目：There is no more hunting in India now partly because_.A.it is dangerous to hunt there B.hunting is already out of date C.hunters want to protect animals D.there are few animals left to hunt第二句说明结束打猎的两个原因，一方面没有什

7、么动物可以猎杀，另一方面相关法律的颁布保护了动物，免于猎杀。只有 D 选项中的 few 表明几乎没有动物可以猎杀，是原文中nothing 的完美对应，所以正解为 D.形式二：而不是（raher than，instead of）例 1：（2009 北京，E）Choose a campsite with privacy and minimum influence on others and theenvironment.Try to use an area where people have obviously camped before ratherthan creating a new spo

8、t.题目：The author thinks that a good campsite is one_.高中网校http:/ easy access B.used previously C.with modern conveniences D.far away from beaches第二句中rather than表明选择营地时要使用人们之前用过的地方而不是创造一个新的营地。答案非常明确 B.例 2：（2005 北京，B）power tools rather than having to use muscle（肌肉）power题目：Which of the following describe

9、s a well-designed tool？A.Its kept close to the body.B.It fully uses muscle power.C.It makes users feel relaxed.D.Its operated with less force.如果理解了 rather than 表示否定意义，那么在运用排除法做这道题时，B 选项可以轻易排除。如果要得出正解，必须结合文中其它信息，此处只要理解rather than 表示而不是即可。例 3：（2005 北京，D）Actually，we will save endangered species only if

10、 we save their habitats andput an end to the reasons people kill them.Instead of supporting zoos，we shouldsupport groups that work to protect animals natural habitats.题目：What does the author try to argue in the passage？A.Zoos are not worth the public support.B.Zoos fail in their attempt to save anim

11、als.高中网校http:/ should treat animals as human beings.D.Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment.在第二句中，作者使用 instead of 表达了不要支持动物园的意思，那么 A 选项正是这一句的同义改写，当选。这是一道主旨题，必然要结合其它信息选择，此处不再赘述。形式三：免于（preventfrom，protectfrom，keepfrom，free from）例 1：（2008 北京，D）Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because co

12、nsuming them instead ofhealthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients（营养成分）。题目：Diet products indirectly harm people physically because such products_.A.are over-consumed B.lack basic nutrients C.are short of chemicals D.provide too much energy原文中 prevent from 表明消耗减肥食品而不

13、吃健康食品意味着阻止身体吸收基本的营养成分，B 选项中 lack 是 prevent from 的对应，当选。例 2：（2011 北京，B）Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too muchdependence on outside information for ideas.I want students to dig deep withinthemselves for inspiration and ideas.I want them to push each other to think

14、differently and make connections between the course the material and the classdiscussion.题目：According to the author，the use of technology in the classroom may_.A.keep students from doing independent thinking高中网校http:/ students to have in-depth conversations C.help students to better understand complex themesD.affect students concentration on course evaluation根据第一句中的含义，由科技导致的干扰经常会扰乱注意力并且让学生过于依赖外界信息。A 选项中的 keepfrom表达了使学生免于（不）进行独立思考，是原文的同义改写，因此是正确选项。除了上述所说的三种形式之外，像 without，tooto，fail to do 等结构也经常表示否定含义，同学们在学习中若能多加留意，必能从容应对考试。高中网校http:/