初中英语被动语态讲解.pdf

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1、被被 动动 语语 态态被动语态是各地中考必考知识点之一,考查内容主要是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时的被动语态以及含有情态动词的被动语态。考查题型主要是选择题、词汇运用和翻译句子等。预计 2021 年对被动语态的考查重在适当语境中运用被动语态;动词填空完成句子等主要以动词的被动语态为主。一、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词 be 有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规那么与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。现以动词ask,主语第一人称为例,将各种时态的被动语态的肯定式、否认式及疑问式列出如下:一般现在时:I am asked.I am not ask

2、ed.Am I asked.一般过去时:I was asked.I was not asked.Was I asked.一般将来时:I will be asked.I wont be asked.Will you be asked.现在完成时:I have been asked.I havent been asked.Have you been asked.现在进行时:I am being asked.I am not being asked.Are you being asked.含有情态动词:I may be asked.I may not be asked.May I be asked.

3、案例(2021浙江金华28)Luckily,the old ladyto hospital immediately after she felldown to the ground.A.sentB.is sentC.was sentD.sends【解析】此题考查被动语态的用法。句意为:幸运的是,那个老太太摔倒在地上后立刻医院。A 一般过去时;B 一般现在时的被动语态;C 一般过去时的被动语态;D 一般现在时。根据句意可知是被送到医院,用被动语态,排除 A 和 D;结合 fell down 可知要用一般过去时态。【答案】C(2021江苏镇江12)Dont forget to come to ou

4、r school assembly(集会)tomorrow morning.I wont.Ijust now.A.remindedB.was remindedC.reportedD.was reported【解析】此题考查被动语态的用法。句意为:不要忘了参加明天早上参加我们学校的集会。不会的,我刚刚才被提醒。根据语境可知此处是被提醒,所以句子要用被动语态。remind 提醒;report 报道。【答案】B二、被动语态的用法A.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。B.当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时。如:This jacket is ma

5、de of cotton.这件夹克衫是棉制的。This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.我们商店里不卖这种自行车。三、短语动词的被动语态短语动词改为被动语态时,相当于及物动词,此时不能分开使用。如:1.We put on an English play in the school hall.An English play was put on in the school hall.2.They take good care of the children in this school.The children are taken good car

6、e of in this school.不能用于被动语态的短语动词常见的有:belong to 属于;agree with 意见一致;take place 发生;take part in参加;break down 发生故障;break out 战争/疾病爆发等。如:He belongs to this school.他是这个学校的学生。Great changes have taken place in my hometown.我的家乡发生了很大的变化。The car broke down on my way to the city.小轿车在去城里的路上出了故障。The first War of

7、 the World broke out in 1914.第一次世界大战是在 1914 年爆发的。四、双宾语的被动语态把带双宾语的主动句改为被动语态时,通常把指人的间接宾语改为被动语态的主语,保存指物的直接宾语。如:He often tells us stories.We are often told stories by him.Stories are often told us by him.他经常给我们讲故事。如果用指物的宾语作被动语态的主语时,通常在指人的宾语前加介词 to 或 for。与 to 搭配的动词常见的有:give,show,bring,lend,send 等;与 for 搭

8、配的动词常见的有:buy,make,draw 等。如:He gave me a book.他给我一本书。A book was given to me by him.(强调 book)I was given a book by him.(强调 me)She showed me her photo.她把她的照片给我看一看。Her photo was showed to me.Mother made me a big cake.妈妈给我做了一块大蛋糕。A big cake was made for me by my mother.五、带宾语补足语的被动语态含宾语补足语的句子,宾语改为被动语态的主语后

9、,宾语补足语作为主语补足语,原来的位置不变。如:People keep food and vegetables cold in the fridge.人们用冰箱使食物和蔬菜保鲜。Food and vegetables are kept cold in the fridge.使用被动语态注意点:(1)动词不定式作宾语补足语时,有的带 to,有的不带 to。改为被动语态时,不带 to 的不定式必须加上 to。常见的及物动词有:see,watch,make,hear 等。如:I saw him walk in the street.我看见他在街道上散步的。He was seen to walk in

10、 the street by me.(2)动词等后面跟复合宾语时,改为被动句时,有两种形式。如:I know him to be honest.我知道他是老实的。He is known to be honest.It is known that he is honest.We thought him to be a cleaver boy.我们认为他是一个聪明的孩子。He was thought to be a clever boy.It was thought that he was a clever boy.(3)动词 want,like,help 等后面跟复合宾语时,主动句不能改为被动句

11、。如:I want you to go with me.我想要你和我一起去。He often helps me to do my lessons.他经常帮我做功课。六、主动形式被动意义英语中,有些动词,形式上是主动结构,意义上却相当于被动结构。如:This kind of clothes washes very well.这种衣服很好洗。This pen writes quite smoothly.这钢笔写起来很流利。I paid all that was owing.所欠的钱我都还了。在动词 need,require,want 等后面跟动名词作宾语时,表示被动意义。如:Your coat n

12、eeds washing.(=to be washed)你的外衣需洗一洗。Those rooms require cleaning.(=to be required)那些房间需要清扫。案例(2021湖北遂宁1 分)Food Safety is very important.So some rulesto stop people from polluting food.A.must makeB.must be madeC.must madeD.be made【解析】此题考查情态动词的被动语态。当动作的承受者作主语时,要用被动语态,不定式必须加 to。因为句子的主语是动词 make 的宾语,应该用

13、被动语态。又因为情态动词的被动语态的构成是“情态动词+be+过去分词。【答案】B(2021浙江嘉兴、舟山241 分)Tell me one-thing youre proud of in your junior highschool,Tony.Ias captain of the school football team.A.chooseB.choseC.am chosenD.was chosen【解析】考查动词语态。choose 一般现在时态的主动结构;chose 一般过去时态的主动结构;am chosen 一般现在时态的被动结构;was chosen 一般过去时态的被动结构。根据choos

14、e 理解答语意思:我被推选当学校足球队队长。由此可知,该句主语是谓语动词的承受者,应使用被动语态,排除 A、B;同时根据上句得知,这里指过去在初中引以为傲的事情,因此应使用一般过去时态表达。【答案】D例 1被动语态和主动语态的选择。(2021 福建漳州41)Climate changemainly by too much CO2 in the air.So I think the key is to produce electricity without creating CO2.A.is causedB.causedC.causes【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。由介词by 判断,该句应该

15、用被动语态。句意:气候变化是由空气中太多的二氧化碳引起的。【答案】A(2021辽宁丹东37)Did you go to Lindas birthday party,Jill?No.I.A.didnt invite B.wasnt invitedC.am not invited D.havent invited【解析】此题考查被动语态的用法。疑问句是询问Jill 是否参加琳达的生日聚会,应答句的主语是动作的承受者,应该用被动语态。又因聚会已结束,未被邀请也是发生在过去。【答案】B例 2动词被动语态的运用。(2021陕西1 分)Every day much waterin our school.W

16、e should save it.A.is wastedB.wastesC.was wastedD.wasted【解析】此题考查一般现在时态被动语态的用法。句子的主语是动作的承受者,“浪费大量的水应该用被动语态。从该句中的时间状语 Every day 判断,该句应该用一般现在时态。【答案】A一、单项选择1.Have you finished your project?Not yet.Ill finish it if Iten more minutes.A.giveB.am givenC.will giveD.will be given2.The lovely postcardsto Ann l

17、ast week.A.sendB.sentC.were sentD.have sent3.Susan,why are you still here?They are all ready to start.Im sorry,but Iwhen to start.A.wasnt toldB.dont tellC.didnt tellD.havent told4.Itll be great honour if Ito the charity evening party next week.A.inviteB.am invitedC.will inviteD.will be invited.5.The

18、 pet dog is warm and loving.Itas a daughter of my family.A.treatsB.treatedC.is treatedD.was treated6.Look at our new school.Itlast year.A.builtB.was builtC.is builtD.will be built7.Although Flight MH370 has been missing for months,I do believe it some day in the future.A.will findB.wont findC.will b

19、e foundD.wont be found8.Three bridgesover the river five years ago.A.builtB.buildC.were builtD.are built9.Its reported that some capsules(胶囊)are really badour health.Sounds terrible.Hopefully the problemas soon as possible.A.to;is solvedB.for;has solvedC.to;was solvedD.for;will be solved10.Lots of t

20、rees and flowerson both sides of the road last year.Oh,beautiful theyare!A.have been planted;whatB.were planted;whatC.were planted;howD.have been planted;what11.Can you play the piece of music for us,Cathy?Of course.Itmany times.A.teachesB.is taughtC.has been taughtD.taught12.This kind of foodcool,c

21、lean,and dry according to the instructions.A.should be carried B.must be putC.should be placedD.must be kept13.Last weekend an English short play wasin the school hall.A.put inB.put downC.put onD.put up14.Our sports meeting has beentill next Monday because of the bad weather.A.put onB.put upC.put of

22、fD.put down15.Its said that petrol(石油)in less than 100 years.So we should try to walk more insteadof driving cars.A.used forB.will be used upC.used upD.will be used for16.What happened to Mr Wang?Hebecause of his drink-driving.A.is caughtB.was caughtC.has caughtD.had caught17.The Olympic Gamesin Lon

23、don in 2021.I hear itin different countries every fouryears.A.is given;is given B.was held;is heldC.will be held;is heldD.will be given;is given18.How often do I need to feed the golden fish?Theyfood every day,or they will be hungry.A.should giveB.shouldnt giveC.should be givenD.shouldnt be given19.

24、At last the baby was madeand began to laugh.A.stop cryingB.to stop to cryC.to stop cryingD.stop to cry20.In many places in China,the old over 90not only by their family but also by the government.A.is taking good careB.are taken good care ofC.is taking good care ofD.are taken good care二、根据汉语意思完成以下句子

25、1.(2021江苏无锡51.5 分)在未来几年,政府将在环保方面尽更大的努力。into protecting the environment by the government in the next few years.2.(2021江苏常州591.5 分)经常看到露西的父亲开车送她上学。Lucys father.3.(2021江苏宿迁621 分)这些 T 恤衫是棉制的,穿着很舒服。These T-shirtscotton.They are comfortable to wear.4.(2021湖北荆门762 分)我不会去参加这个聚会,除非受到邀请。I wont go to the part

26、y.(invite)5.(2021甘肃白银742 分)如果时间再多一些,我将能做得更好。If more time,I will do it better.答案第 9 课时被 动 语 态一、15B C A B C610B C C D C1115C D C C B1620B B C C B二、1.More efforts will be put 2.is often seen to drive her to school/is often seen to drive herto school by car/in a car3.are made of4.unless I am invited5.is given