露天矿吊斗铲的应用.pdf

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1、露天矿吊露天矿吊斗铲的应用斗铲的应用 Dragline Applications in surface mine 吊斗铲吊斗铲 Draglines 现今最大的单斗挖掘现今最大的单斗挖掘机机,陆地最大移动设备陆地最大移动设备.Largest single-bucket excavators in existence today 工工业用最广阔的吊斗铲组合业用最广阔的吊斗铲组合(超过超过45种不同的种不同的技术规格技术规格)以及专用用户定制解决方案以及专用用户定制解决方案 industrys broadest dragline portfolio(over 45 specifications)an

2、d customized solutions 最低的物料搬运成本最低的物料搬运成本 Lowest material removal cost 运行寿命：运行寿命：40年年 Operating life:40 years 铲斗容量铲斗容量：24-116m Bucket capacities:(31-152yd)大臂长度：大臂长度：Boom lengths:74-132m(245-435ft)额定悬吊荷载：额定悬吊荷载：71,000-344,736kg Rated suspended loads:(156,000-760,000 lbs)方案鸟瞰方案鸟瞰 Plan View 条幅式样开采条幅式样开

3、采 Long,Parallel Cuts Or Strips 吊吊斗铲剥离覆盖层露出煤层斗铲剥离覆盖层露出煤层 Dragline Removes The Overburden And Uncovers The Surface Of The Coal Seam 吊吊斗铲斗铲应用应用-露天条幅式开采露天条幅式开采 Application-Open Cast Mine 长箱外形长箱外形 Long Box Shape 初始开凿初始开凿 The Initial Cut 废土堆小废土堆小 Capacity Of The Spoil Pile Is Minimal 从覆盖层薄的一边开始从覆盖层薄的一边开始

4、Start Along The Low-Cover Edge Of The Reserves 将剥离物放到没有煤的地方将剥离物放到没有煤的地方 Place Spoil Pile where No Coal Exists 吊吊斗铲斗铲应用应用-箱形开采箱形开采 Application-Box Cut 单侧倒堆最为常见单侧倒堆最为常见 的剥离方法的剥离方法,Simple Side Casting Is The Most Common Stripping Method 包括两个基本步骤包括两个基本步骤,开关键槽和挖掘开关键槽和挖掘 Consists Of Two Basic cuts-Key Cut

5、&Plug Cut 开关键槽开关键槽 Key Cut 吊吊斗铲斗铲应用应用-单侧倒堆单侧倒堆 Application-Simple Side Casting 单侧倒堆最为常见的剥单侧倒堆最为常见的剥 离方法离方法,包括两个基本包括两个基本 步骤步骤,开关键槽和挖掘开关键槽和挖掘 Simple Side Casting Is The Most Common Stripping Method.Consists Of Two Basic cuts-Key Cut&Plug Cut 挖掘挖掘 Plug Cut 吊吊斗铲斗铲应用应用-单侧倒堆单侧倒堆(续续)Application-Simple Side

6、 Casting(Cont.)四个位置四个位置 Four Positions 挖掘上部挖掘上部 1&2-Dig The Upper Half 挖掘下部挖掘下部 3&4-Dig The Lower Half 吊吊斗铲斗铲应用应用-单侧倒堆的移动顺序单侧倒堆的移动顺序 Application-Moves In Side Cast 挖掘台阶低于原始平面挖掘台阶低于原始平面 Bench Level Below The Original Ground 下挖并单侧挖掘下挖并单侧挖掘 Chopdown&Side Cast 是单侧倒堆生产率的是单侧倒堆生产率的75%Chopdown Production At

7、 75%of Side Cast Production 吊吊斗铲斗铲应用应用-挖掘台阶挖掘台阶 Application-Advance Bench 当需要更大作业半径时当需要更大作业半径时 When More Operating Radius Is Required 利用关键槽挖掘利用关键槽挖掘,向排向排 料堆方向扩展台阶料堆方向扩展台阶 Use Key Cut To Extend The Bench Towards The Spoil Pile 吊吊斗铲斗铲应用应用-扩展台阶扩展台阶 Application-Extended Bench 吊斗铲向排料堆方向移动吊斗铲向排料堆方向移动,停停 在

8、新脊上在新脊上 Dragline Moves To The Crest 对刚才新堆起的物料进行再倒堆对刚才新堆起的物料进行再倒堆 Dig The Plug And The Key Material A Second Time 吊吊斗铲应用斗铲应用-扩展台阶扩展台阶 Application-Extended Bench(Cont.)扩展台阶方法的替代方法扩展台阶方法的替代方法 Alternative To The Extended Bench 单侧倒堆时覆盖一部分煤单侧倒堆时覆盖一部分煤 层边缘层边缘 Side Cast Volume Covers The Coal Seam Edge 吊吊斗铲

9、应用斗铲应用-后移式开采后移式开采 Application-Pull Back Method 吊斗铲移动至排料堆侧吊斗铲移动至排料堆侧,再将覆再将覆盖层从煤层上被移走盖层从煤层上被移走 Dragline Moves To A Spoil Side Bench&Spoil Is Pulled Away From Seam 吊吊斗铲应用斗铲应用-后移式开采后移式开采(续续)Application-Pull Back Method(Cont.)25-35%覆盖层通过爆破达到最覆盖层通过爆破达到最 终位置终位置 Move 25-35%Of Overburden To Final Location By

10、 Drill&Blast 高台阶高台阶 High Bench 角度钻孔角度钻孔 Angled Holes 孔直径大于孔直径大于300毫米毫米 300 mm Holes 高爆破系数高爆破系数 Higher Powder Factors 吊吊斗铲应用斗铲应用-抛掷爆破抛掷爆破 Application-Cast Blasting 吊吊斗铲应用斗铲应用-抛掷爆破抛掷爆破(续续)Application-Cast Blasting(Cont.)用推土机平整并堆出一个用推土机平整并堆出一个 吊斗铲平台吊斗铲平台 Use Dozers To Level Cast&Build Pad 经济经济 Cost Eff

11、ective 提高吊斗铲生产率提高吊斗铲生产率 Allows Dragline To Be Used More Productively 推土机要推到煤层边缘以远推土机要推到煤层边缘以远 Dozers Push Beyond The Coal Seam Toe 吊吊斗铲应用斗铲应用-推土机平整爆破面推土机平整爆破面 Application-Dozers Level Cast 吊斗铲沿边坡挖掘吊斗铲沿边坡挖掘,推土推土 机推出新边坡机推出新边坡 Dragline Digs Along Highwall&Dozer Cuts New Highwall 拉斗容易装满拉斗容易装满 Bucket Is

12、More Easily Filled 排料被移至最终位置排料被移至最终位置 Spoil Is Placed In Final Location 吊吊斗铲应用斗铲应用-坑内排料堆侧挖掘坑内排料堆侧挖掘 Application-Inpit Spoil Side 吊斗铲沿煤层边缘挖掘吊斗铲沿煤层边缘挖掘 Dragline Digs Along Coal Seam Edge 排料被移至最终位置排料被移至最终位置 Spoil Is Placed In Final Location 吊斗铲吊斗铲不用不用重新定位重新定位 Dragline Has No Lateral Re-position Movemen

13、t 吊吊斗铲应用斗铲应用-坑内排料堆侧挖掘坑内排料堆侧挖掘(续续)Application-Inpit Spoil Side(Cont.)吊斗铲单侧倒堆吊斗铲单侧倒堆,剥离覆盖层剥离覆盖层 Dragline sidecasts the overburden 应用应用:多煤层多煤层 Application:Multiple Seams 吊斗铲移动到下一个覆盖层上吊斗铲移动到下一个覆盖层上,单侧倒堆单侧倒堆 The dragline ramps down to the surface of the next waste layer and sidecasts it to the spoil side

14、.推土机将排料一侧的顶部推平推土机将排料一侧的顶部推平,成为吊斗铲下一个台阶成为吊斗铲下一个台阶 The spoil peak is leveled into a bench by a dozer.应用应用:多煤层多煤层(续续)Application:Multiple Seams(continued)第二层煤移走后第二层煤移走后,吊吊斗铲移动到排料一侧斗铲移动到排料一侧的台阶上的台阶上,继续挖掘继续挖掘第三层覆盖层第三层覆盖层.While the 2nd seam is removed,the dragline moves to the spoil side bench and moves t

15、he 3rd layer of waste 应用应用:多煤层多煤层(续续)Application:Multiple Seams(continued)继续挖掘继续挖掘,当第三层煤被移走后当第三层煤被移走后,吊斗铲将煤层下吊斗铲将煤层下,可能是可能是煤煤/废料混合层倒堆到排料一侧废料混合层倒堆到排料一侧 After the 3rd seam of coal is removed,the dragline moves the 3rd parting from the same bench as before.应用应用:多煤层多煤层(续续)Application:Multiple Seams(cont

16、inued)当第四煤层采挖后当第四煤层采挖后,吊斗铲继续吊斗铲继续剥离下面的覆盖层剥离下面的覆盖层.After the 4th coal seam is recovered the dragline moves the final layer of waste from the spoil side bench 排料被倒在吊斗铲所站的这一侧排料被倒在吊斗铲所站的这一侧 The spoil is dumped onto this bench 有时有时再倒堆再倒堆是需要的是需要的,以便挖出以便挖出被排料压住的那部分煤被排料压住的那部分煤 Some rehandle is moved allowin

17、g recovery of the entire 5th seam 应用应用:多煤层多煤层(续续)Application:Multiple Seams(continued)吊斗铲还可以用来挖掘倾斜煤层吊斗铲还可以用来挖掘倾斜煤层 Draglines can also be used to recover multiple inclined coal seams 应用应用:双倾斜煤层双倾斜煤层 Application:Two Inclined Seams 表面覆盖层和中间覆盖层都需要爆破表面覆盖层和中间覆盖层都需要爆破 Both the overburden and interburden ar

18、e blasted 应用应用:双倾斜煤层双倾斜煤层 Application:Two Inclined Seams 推土机用来在爆破后的覆盖层上推出台阶推土机用来在爆破后的覆盖层上推出台阶 The ground dozer is used to level a bench in the overburden 应用应用:双倾斜煤层双倾斜煤层 Application:Two Inclined Seams 现在吊斗铲可以开始挖掘最上面的煤层现在吊斗铲可以开始挖掘最上面的煤层,回转回转180度度卸料卸料 The dragline can now uncover the upper coal seam,d

19、umping the spoil at 1800 应用应用:双倾斜煤层双倾斜煤层 Application:Two Inclined Seams 吊斗铲然后开挖中间覆盖层的关键槽吊斗铲然后开挖中间覆盖层的关键槽 The dragline then digs the key cut of the interburden.应用应用:双倾斜煤层双倾斜煤层 Application:Two Inclined Seams 推土机在倒堆一侧的顶部准备台阶推土机在倒堆一侧的顶部准备台阶 The ground dozer prepares a bench for the dragline on top of th

20、e spoils 应用应用:双倾斜煤层双倾斜煤层 Application:Two Inclined Seams 吊斗铲移动到倒堆一侧吊斗铲移动到倒堆一侧,剥离中间覆盖层剥离中间覆盖层,露出下一煤层露出下一煤层 The dragline moves to the spoil side and digs the remaining interburden covering the lower coal seam 应用应用:双倾斜煤层双倾斜煤层 Application:Two Inclined Seams 良好的台阶准备以避免对底座和行走部分的额外的良好的台阶准备以避免对底座和行走部分的额外的维修和

21、停机时间维修和停机时间 Good ground preparation is required to avoid excessive repair down time to the base and walking equipment 挖掘时挖掘时,底座必须完全与地面接触底座必须完全与地面接触.行走靴升高到最高行走靴升高到最高点点,行走制动启动行走制动启动 When digging,the base must have full contact with the ground.The shoes are raised to their uppermost position and the pr

22、opel brakes are set.行走给设备造成的压力比挖掘时更大行走给设备造成的压力比挖掘时更大 Walking subjects the entire machine to greater loads and stress than when digging.台阶准备台阶准备 Ground Preparation-Bench 行走时行走时,行走靴必须全面的行走靴必须全面的,坚实地接触地面坚实地接触地面.完全接完全接触时触时,处于前进方向的底盘抬起处于前进方向的底盘抬起,但是但是80%80%的底盘仍然的底盘仍然与与地面接触与与地面接触,同时底盘向前滑行同时底盘向前滑行 To prope

23、l,the shoes must have full and solid contact with the ground.As contact is made,the leading edge of the base is raised,but 80%of the base remains in contact and the base is slid ahead.了解软地的情况了解软地的情况.地面应该尽可能平整地面应该尽可能平整,坚实和干燥坚实和干燥.Beware of soft conditions.The ground should be as level as possible,fir

24、m and dry.台阶准备台阶准备 Ground Preparation-Bench 任何岩石会造成高压力点任何岩石会造成高压力点,必须清除必须清除 Any rocks exposed to the surface will cause high pressure points and must be removed.应使用平路机平整地面并且添凹坑应使用平路机平整地面并且添凹坑 Grading equipment should be used to level the road surface and to fill in any depressions that may exist.因为设

25、备是向后走因为设备是向后走,所以行走时大臂指向行走相反方向所以行走时大臂指向行走相反方向 When propelling,the boom trails,as the machine walks backwards.台阶准备台阶准备 Ground Preparation-Bench 在挖掘时在挖掘时,推荐的地面最大倾斜不超过推荐的地面最大倾斜不超过2.5%或或1.40 It is recommended that the maximum slope for digging not exceed 2.5%or 1.40.为了达到最佳挖掘和吊斗铲长期使用为了达到最佳挖掘和吊斗铲长期使用,台阶应时时

26、保持平整台阶应时时保持平整 For best digging and long term well-being of the dragline,it should be approximately level at all times.严重的损坏可能来源于不平的地面严重的损坏可能来源于不平的地面 Serious damage can result from walking on uneven ground.台阶准备台阶准备 Ground Preparation-Bench 应使用平路机平整地面并且添凹坑应使用平路机平整地面并且添凹坑 Grading equipment should be us

27、ed to level the road surface and to fill in any depressions that may exist.任何路上的凸起应被移动走任何路上的凸起应被移动走 Any road crown should be removed.吊斗铲的行走通道不同于卡车的输送道路吊斗铲的行走通道不同于卡车的输送道路 A dragline walk road is not designed the same as a truck haulage road.表面要求平整表面要求平整,匀实匀实 The surface requires uniform compaction.地面

28、准备地面准备 -行走通道行走通道 Ground Preparation-Walk Roads 谨防谨防a a软地的情况软地的情况.地面应该尽可能平整地面应该尽可能平整,坚实和干燥坚实和干燥 Beware of soft conditions.The ground should be as level as possible,firm and dry.应使用平路机平整地面并应使用平路机平整地面并且添凹坑且添凹坑 Grading equipment should be used to level the road surface and to fill in any depressions tha

29、t may exist.从一级台阶到另一级的过度要渐进从一级台阶到另一级的过度要渐进,坡度不超过行走靴坡度不超过行走靴长度的长度的2%The transition from one grade to the next should be gradual,no more than 2%over the length of the shoe.地面准备地面准备 -行走通道行走通道 Ground Preparation-Walk Roads 从上下台阶到另一级从上下台阶到另一级,吊斗铲可以用来挖掘前面的物吊斗铲可以用来挖掘前面的物料料,但这种方法应该尽量少用但这种方法应该尽量少用 When trave

30、ling up or down a grade,the dragline can be used to dig ahead of itself with dumping to the sides.This type of operation should be minimized.上下坡道的坡度不应该超过上下坡道的坡度不应该超过7.5%或或 4.30 Ramps for up and down travel should be no steeper than 7.5%or 4.30.步距步距2.3米米,行走速度行走速度0.21公里公里/小时小时 Length of each step is 2

31、.3 meters,propel speed is 0.21 km/hour.地面准备地面准备 -行走通道行走通道 Ground Preparation-Walk Roads 上下坡道的左右坡度不应该上下坡道的左右坡度不应该超过超过5%或或 2.80.不要在这不要在这个位置挖掘个位置挖掘 The maximum slope for walking across a ramp should not exceed 5%or 2.80.DO NOT DIG IN THIS POSITION.行走通道的宽度应为行走通道的宽度应为5050米米 The width of the walk road should be 50 meters for this size dragline.监控行走系统轴承监控行走系统轴承,防止过热防止过热,检查润滑系统是否正常工作检查润滑系统是否正常工作 Monitor the propel system bearings for excessive heat and check that the lube system is working.地面准备地面准备 -行走通道行走通道 Ground Preparation-Walk Roads 谢谢!Thanks!