矿物与宝石术语中英对照表.xls

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1、camethystChineseKaolinite dalterationdanhydrousdbasic dcleavagedearthy aggregatedeudialytedeuhedral octahedral单词（latin）alhexagonal 合成词hydrothermal alterationdinclusionsditacolomite dtrigonaldxenolith frenchZircongermangneissGermanFlint germanTin germanZincialabanditeialbiteialexandriteialmeidaiteiAl

2、varoliteianglesiteiaragoniteiarsenopalladiniteiarupitelatingabbrolatingalenalatingarnet latinAgatelatinAluminum latinGalena latinGypsum latinhalitelatinHematite latiniridiumlatinjasperlatinMicalatinobsidianlatinonyxlatinPotassiumlatinprioritelatinprismlatinPyrite latinrhodiumlatinrubi latinSaltpeter

3、latinsapphirelatinsilexlatinTalc latinTantalumlatinTopaz locationspessartinenclaim nfaiscadoresngroundnholotypenskaposnamedolomite namesmithsonitepan accessory mineralpdiamond crystalpDodecahedral crystal pniobium tantalatespRare earthsankritOpalswidishNickel 词根单词gadolinite单词（latin soliciaate）Silica

4、te单词（latin）iumosmium单词（法语）词根hessonite单词（希腊）词根Graphite 单词（希腊）词根Malachite 单词（希腊神话）iumNiobium 单词词根Halite 合成flintstone 合成Feldspar 合成Gemstone形象coccoliteadulariaaegirineaggregatealmandine alumaluminosilicatealuminum hydroxyborosilicatealunogen amazoniteamhpigene/leuciteamianthusanalcimeanataseancylite-(Ce

5、)andalusite anhydriteannabergiteanthosiderite/goethite quartzAnthosideriteanthraciteantimoniatesantimonideantimonyapatitearizonite arrojadite arrojadite-(KFe)arrojaditearsenatearsenopyriteasbolaneaspectasphaltatheneiteatopiteauamarineauricuprideauriferous avelinoiteazurite baddeleyitebahiaitebaixesB

6、andeirante barbosaliteBariomicrolite/rijkeboeritebariteBarium-hamlinitebarytolamprophyllitebateiasbenitoiteBerkeyiteberyl beryllium silicatebetafitebicasBicalhobilhetes de capitaobiotitebismuth chromatebismuthinite Bismuthotellurites brasiliensisbismuthotelluritebismuthbismutomicroliteblack goldbobf

7、ergusonitebohdanowiczitebornite branneriteBrazilitebrumadoitebrutal nightmareburangaitecabococalcareous shalecalciteCaldasiteCalogerasitecancrinitecangacanoasCapitaoCaptaincy carborundumcaresitecarnallitecassiteriteCastanheiraCastelnauditeCatarinitecerium元素铈cerussitechalcedonychalcopyritechalmersite

8、charmaritechernikovitechibinitechloritechromate of leadchromiferous diopsidechromitite chrysoberyl chrysocollachrysoliteCiclo do OurocinnabarcinnabarcitrineClausseniteClusterconglomerateContrataocordieriteCoutinitecrocoitecrocoitecrushercrystallizedcrystalscubanitecubic crystalcubic cuprite cymophan

9、ecyrilovitederbylitederbyliteDiamond Capitaldickitedihydratedikedimorphous dioptaseDistrito Diamantino djalmaitedukeitedunite Alumina dyke/chimneyemeraldEmpress Eugnieepidote EschwegeiteEstrela do SuleuclaseeugeniteEunicite faheyitefavas Ferro-halotrichitefibrolite/sillimanitefiliform silverflajolot

10、iteflorencite-(Ce)florencite/florencite-(Ce)fluorite fluorosilicatefrondelitegarimpagemgarimpogarimposgersdorffitegiannettitegibbsitegorceixitegorceixitegorgulho bravo(diamond-bearing quartz and clay gravel)gormanitegoyazitegreen berygrupiaragrupiarasgrupiarasguanajuatiteGuano oreguimaresA AeroliteA

11、lexandriteallochroiteAmazonite Amethyst quartzAmphiboliteAnatase AndalusiteAnhydriteApatite ApophyllitearendaliteAstrophylite Augiteaventurine quartz aventurine quartz AzuriteAzurite B BaddeleyiteBariteBarite BauxiteBauxite BerylC Calcite Calzirtite Carbonatite Carnallite CassiteriteCassiteriteChalc

12、edony ChalcociteChip Chrome minerals Chrysoberyl Chrysocolla Coal Conchoidal fracture coriscosCorundumcryo CryptomelaneCuprite Diabase Diamond DiopsideDiorite DolomiteDolomitic carbonatite Emerald EpidoteEspelho da Lua EuclaseFeldspathoids Ferro alloysFlorencite Fluorite Fulgurite Garnet Geode Goeth

13、ite Gorceixite hafnonhainitehamliniteharttitehiddenitehussakitehyaline quartzHyaline quartz Hyderabadhydrargillitehydrated manganese Ichthyophthalmite ilmeniteImperial TopazImperial topaz Iridosmine Iron oreiron phosphateisolueshiteisomertieitejacutingaJacutingaitejadeitejoseitekamacitekieseritekimb

14、erliteKimberlite kinoshitalitekunzitekyaniteKyanite labradorite lamproitelamprophylitelanthanite-(La)lanthanite-(Nd)lanthanum carbonate碳酸镧lazuliteLeadlepidolitelewisitelimonitelipscombitemagnesian ilmeniteMagnesite magnetiteManganese manganese oxalateManganitemantleMatazeuneriteMenezesite menezesite

15、,Mertieite-Imetalliferous veinsmeta-uranocircitemeurigitemicroclinemicro-crystalmicrolitemicro-mineralmicroscopic mineralsmilaritemilky quartzmilleriteminasgeraisite-(Y)moissanitemolybdeniteMonazite monetitemoraesite morganiteMuscovite Native coppernative elements mineralsnephelinenepheline syeniteN

16、ephrite Nickel minerals niobatenonmineralized form Novacekite Oliveiraiteopal orbicular granite orthoclaseorvilliteOsmiridium Oxykinoshitalitepalhetaspalladium goldpalladseitepallasite meteoriteParabariomicroliteParaedritePebble pedra de corisco pedras de mando Pegmatite PennaitePennaitepentlanditep

17、eridotite perovskiteperovskitePerovskite Petalite ptalon pharmacosideritePhenakite phlogopitePhosphatephosphate goyazitePhosphorite phosphuranylitePhylliteplagioclaseplatinoidsplatinum groupplumbogummiteporphryPresident Vargasprismatic crystals proustitepseudomorphous quartzpseudo-octahedralpseudoru

18、tilepyrargyrite Pyrochlore Pyrolusite pyropepyrophillitePyroxenes pyroxenitepyrrhotitePyrrhotite QuartzquintiniteQuintinite-2HRare sillimanite Real Extraored oxide of titaniumReitingeriteRhodochrositeRhodonite rhombododecahedralribeririteRijkeboerite rilheirarinkiterock crystalRomanechiteroscherite

19、rosemaryiteRosenbuschite Ruifrancoiteruifrancoite,rutileRutile sardonyxscapoliteScapolitescheelite Scheelite schorlita scoroditescorzaliteScorzaliteSecondary copperselenidesenaitesenaiteSerpentine Serra 地名 巴西、葡萄牙、西班牙 塞拉；地名 山、山脉（葡萄牙语serrabrancaiteSerrabrancaitesideriteSideriteSilexSilicified anhydrit

20、e Silicon silicon carbide Sillimanite Silversilver amalgam Silvite Simpsonite/calogerasitesodium niobatesouzalitesouzaliteSpear points sperryliteSpessartine garnet sphaleritespinelspodomenos spodumene StaringiteStaurolitestephanitestrengite Sulfide Sulfursupergroupsvanbergitetactitetantal-aeschynite

21、-(Y)tantalatetantaliteTantaliteTantalite-(Mn)tantalum oxidetapiolite tavoritetazheraniteteluratetembets tetrahedritentitanitetitanium titanium oxidetitanosilicatetochiliniteTourmalinetourmaline triphanetriphyliteTripuhyite/triputatroiliteturquoiseTurquoisesuranmicroliteuranocircite uranylUviteUviteV

22、illiaumitevivianiteVivianite wavelliteWavelliteweeksite wernerite whitmoreiteWolframiteXenotime-(Y)Xilopal yanomamiteyellow berylzanazziitezeoliteZeolite zirconiumzirkeliteZirkelite 紫水晶高岭石蚀变作用无水的含碱的（普通词汇引申义）解理土质聚成岩异性石自形八面体六方晶系的热液蚀变包裹体晶莹小颗砂石三方(次)晶系捕虏岩锆石片麻岩 燧石自然锡锌硫锰矿钠长石亚历山大变石阿尔梅达石(Almas)斜钽锰矿铅矾霰石,文石砷锑钯

23、矿水磷镍石辉长岩方铅矿石榴石玛瑙石铝方铅矿石膏岩盐 赤铁矿铱绿色玉髓云母黑曜岩缟玛瑙钾钇易解石棱晶黄铁矿铑宝石硝石蓝宝石石英玻璃滑石钽黄玉锰铝榴石矿脉区挖掘机母岩正模标本棒条白云石菱锌矿副矿物金刚石单晶十二面晶体铌结晶花岗岩稀土元素蛋白石自然镍硅铍钇矿硅酸盐锇钙铝榴石石墨孔雀石铌矿石盐燧石长石 宝石粒辉石冰长石霓石聚集体铁铝榴石明矾铝矽酸盐羟基铝硼硅酸盐毛矾石天河石白榴石石棉方沸石八面石,锐钛矿碳锶铺矿红柱石(结晶性硅酸铝矿石)硬石膏，无水石膏镍华黄针铁矿/针铁矿 石英Anthosiderite铁华绿泥石无烟煤锑酸盐锑化物锑；金属锑；锑矿；锑的磷灰石正长脉岩阿加多石(Arraias)磷碱铁石钠

24、磷锰铁矿砒酸盐毒砂钴土矿矿物的外形(普通词汇转义）沥青，柏油（通俗叫法与学术名称）砷汞钯矿黄锑酸钙石海蓝宝石金铜矿含金的，产金的褐磷铁矿蓝铜矿；石青斜锆石橄闪紫苏岩（Bahia），羟铝锑矿，巴伊亚石凹处巴西 班代兰蒂，“先锋”（巴西制造的飞机），旗帜追随者，勘探队巴博萨石（Barbacena），重铁天蓝石钡细晶石重晶石钡-磷铝锶石钡闪叶石淘金盘蓝锥矿开蓝石绿柱石硅酸钹贝塔石比卡斯（器具，地名）比卡鲁“人头税”（黑人矿工向总督缴纳的一种税）黑云母铬酸铋辉铋矿巴西辉碲铋矿辉碲铋矿铋铋细晶石“黑金”（昵称）棕磷铁锰矿硒铋银矿斑铜矿钛铀矿斜锆矿布鲁马杜石（Brumado 地名 巴西 布鲁马杜）“残忍的

25、梦魇”磷铝铁钠矿“印欧混血”（根据颜色给矿石取得昵称）钙质页岩方解石杂斜锆石（Caldas卡尔达斯省（西班牙语：Caldas）是位于哥伦比亚中部地区的一个省）钽铝石霞钙石铁角砾岩卡诺阿斯（器具，地名）均摊（政策）督都碳硅石，金刚砂水碳铝铁石光卤石（钾的原料）锡石（一种巴西的坚果树）磷钇矿（德穆尔发现时命名的英文名称，发现这种矿石实际上是磷钇矿（xenotime-(Y)）和水铝石的混合物）铲子元素铈(58号元素,符号Ce白铅矿玉髓黄铜矿方黄铜矿水碳铝锰石泋铀云母希宾岩绿泥石铬酸铅含铬透辉石铬铁岩金绿宝石硅孔雀石贵橄榄石“淘金热”（巴西）辰砂赤色硫化水银黄水晶三水铝矿均匀散布砾岩收缩（政策）堇青石

26、碳钕石铬铅矿赤铅矿碾压机结晶的晶簇方黄铜矿立方晶体立方晶系矿石赤铜矿猫眼石褐磷铁矿锑钛铁矿德比石钻石之都地开石二水合物岩墙有两种晶态的透视石“钻石区”钽钛铀矿水羟铬铋矿纯橄榄岩氧化铝岩浆通道祖母绿.欧仁尼皇后绿帘石碳黑稀金矿“南方之星”蓝柱石汞银矿暗蒙脱石磷铍锰矿“豆子”铁明矾矿硅线石银丝锑铁土弗洛伦斯石磷铝铈石萤石氟硅酸盐锰绿铁矿挖掘/挖掘机“勘探”“金山”砷硫镍矿氯硅钠钙石水铝矿格尔歇科斯石磷钡铝石含金刚石的石英和粘土砾石哥磷铁铝石戈雅石纯绿柱石台阶杆上层矿物硒铋矿鸟粪矿石吉马良斯石陨石紫翠石钙铁榴石天河石紫水晶闪岩锐钛矿红柱石硬石膏磷灰石鱼眼石暗绿帘石星叶石普通辉石 东陵石东陵石蓝铜矿蓝

27、铜矿斜锆石重晶石重晶石铝土矿铝土矿绿柱石方解石钙锆钛矿碳酸盐岩光卤石锡石 锡石玉髓 辉铜矿晶片铬矿金绿宝石硅孔雀石贝壳状裂痕 闪电球刚玉冰锰钾矿赤铜矿辉绿岩金刚石透辉石闪长岩白云石白云石碳酸盐岩绿柱石 绿帘石月亮的镜子蓝柱石类长石铁合金磷铝铈石 氟石闪电岩石榴石晶洞针铁矿磷钡铝矿铪石铈片榍石磷铝锶矿属晶蜡石翠绿锂辉石磷钇矿石英玻璃玻璃石英海得拉巴三水铝矿水合二氧化锰鱼眼石钛铁矿帝王托帕石帝王玉铱锇矿铁矿石磷酸铁碱钛铌矿等轴砷锑钯矿铁矿/产金的铁英岩薄层富赤铁矿翡翠何塞石，硫锑铋矿铁纹石硫酸镁石金伯利岩（含金刚石）金伯利岩钡镁脆云母 紫锂辉石蓝晶石蓝晶石拉长石钾镁煌斑岩类闪叶石碳镧石碳钕石碳酸镧

28、天蓝石铅锂云母锑钛烧绿石褐铁矿四方复铁天蓝石氧化镁钛铁矿菱镁矿磁铁矿锰草酸锰水锰矿地幔变铜砷铀云母铌酸盐梅内塞斯石砷锑钯矿含金属矿脉偏钡铀云母羟磷钾铁石微斜长石微晶细晶石显微级矿物微观矿物质整柱石乳水晶针镍矿硅钙铍钇石碳硅石辉钼矿独居石三斜磷钙石纤水磷铍石玫瑰色绿柱石白云母自然铜元素矿物霞石霞石正长岩软玉镍矿铌酸盐非矿化形态镁砷铀云母 水钛锆矿欧泊球状花岗岩正长石水锆石Osmiridium 铱锇矿含氧钡镁脆云母“叶片”钯金合金硒钯矿石铁陨石副钡细晶石金红石卵石闪电石指令石伟晶岩氯硅钛钠石氯硅钛钠石镍黄铁矿 橄榄岩钙钛矿钙钛矿钙钛矿透锂长石叶片毒铁矿硅铍石金云母磷酸盐磷酸盐磷铝钙石 磷灰石磷铀矿

29、千枚岩斜长石假铂铂系元素水磷铝铅矿斑岩“瓦格斯总统”棱形晶体淡红银矿假晶石英假八面体假金红石硫锑银矿烧绿石软锰矿镁铝石叶蜡石辉石辉岩磁黄铁矿磁黄铁矿石英奎水碳铝镁石水滑石-2H稀有硅线石皇室抽成（政策）钛氧化铁丝锆石菱锰矿蔷薇辉石十二面体菱形稀土锆石钡细晶石铁匠使用的坩埚层硅铈钛矿无色水晶钡硬锰矿碱磷钙锰铁矿磷铝高铁锰钠石橙针钠钙石细晶磷灰石瑞法石金红石金红石玛瑙方柱石方柱石白钨矿白钨矿黑电气石臭葱石 斯科尔扎石多铁天蓝石再生铜硒化物塞纳石铅锰钛铁矿蛇纹石塞拉布兰卡石水磷锰矿菱铁矿，陨铁；铁陨性菱铁矿硅石硅化硬石膏硅金刚砂硅线石Serra 地名 巴西、葡萄牙、西班牙 塞拉；地名 山、山脉（葡萄

30、牙语银银汞合金钾盐钽铝石铌酸钠萨索石水丝绿铁石枪型刀尖砷铂矿锰铝榴石闪锌矿尖晶石灰末覆盖的锂辉石四方钽锡矿十字石脆银矿红磷铁矿硫化物硫超群（地质术语）硫磷铝锶矿接触岩钽钇易解石钽酸盐钽铁矿钽铁矿锰-钽铁矿氧化钽重钽铁矿羟磷锂铁石等轴钙锆钛矿碲酸盐唇钉黝铜矿榍石;钛铁矿化 钛三氧化钛钛硅分子筛镁硫铁矿电气石电气石锂辉石磷酸锂铁矿，锑铁矿陨硫铁，硫铁矿绿松石 绿松石铀细晶石钡铀云母;砷铀矿双氧铀钙镁电气石钙镁电气石氟盐蓝铁矿蓝铁矿银星石银星石硅钾铀矿柱石褐磷铁矿黑钨矿磷钇矿木蛋白石水砷铟石金色绿柱石水磷铍镁石沸石沸石锆钛锆钍矿钛锆钍矿amethyst(n.)Look up amethyst at

31、Dviolet quartz,late 13c.,ametist,from Old French ametiste(Modern Frenchamthyste)and directly from Medieval Latin amatistus,from Latin amethystus,fromGreek amethystos amethyst,literally not intoxicating,from a-not+methyskeinmake drunk,from methys wine(see mead(n.1);based on the stones ancientreputati

32、on for preventing drunkenness,which was perhaps sympathetic magicsuggested by its wine-like color.People wore rings made of it before drinking.Spelling restored from Middle English ametist.kaolin(n.)Look up kaolin at Dchina clay,fine clay from the decomposition of feldspar,1727,from French kaolin(17

33、12),from Chinese Kaoling,old-style transliteration(pinyin Gaoling)of the name ofa mountain in Jiangxi province,China(near which it was dug up and made intoporcelain of high quality and international reputation),from Chinese gao high+lingmountain,hill,ridge.OED points out that this is a French pronun

34、ciation of aChinese word that in the English of the day would be better represented by*kauwling.Related:kaolinic;kaolinite.hexagon(n.)Look up hexagon at D1560s,from Latin hexagonum,from Greek hexagonon,neuter of hexagonos six-cornered,hexagonal,from hex six(see hexa-)+gonia angle(see-gon).hydrotherm

35、al(adj.)Look up hydrothermal at Dof or pertaining to heated water,1855,in geology,from hydro-water+thermal(adj.).指火成岩中与其无成因关系的包体）zircon(n.)Look up zircon at D1794,circon,also jargon,new name given in chemistry to jacinth,from Frenchzircone and German Zirkon(compare French jargon,Italian giargone),fr

36、om Arabiczarqun cinnabar,bright red,from Persian zargun gold-colored,from Avestan zari-gold-colored,from zar gold.gneiss(n.)Look up gneiss at Dtype of metamorphic rock,1757,kneiss,from German Gneiss(16c.),which isprobably from Middle High German gneist spark(so called because the rockglitters),from

37、Old High German gneisto spark(compare Old English gnast spark,Old Norse gneisti).Related:Gneissic.flint(n.)Look up flint at DOld English flint flint;a type of rock noted for hardness and for giving off sparkswhen struck,common Germanic(cognates Middle Dutch vlint,Old High Germanflins,Danish flint),f

38、rom PIE*splind-to split,cleave,from root*(s)plei-to splice,split(source also of Greek plinthos brick,tile,Old Irish slind brick),perhaps avariant of*spel-(1)to split,break off.Transferred senses(hardness,etc.)were inOld English.tin(n.)Look up tin at DOld English tin,from Proto-Germanic*tinom(source

39、also of Middle Dutch and Dutchtin,Old High German zin,German Zinn,Old Norse tin),of unknown origin,not foundoutside Germanic.Other Indo-European languages often have separate words for tin as a raw metaland tin plate;such as French tain,fer-blanc.Pliny refers to tin as plumbum albumwhite lead,and fo

40、r centuries it was regarded as a form of silver debased by lead;hence its figurative use for mean,petty,worthless.The chemical symbol Sn is fromLate Latin stannum(see stannic).Meaning container made of tin is from 1795.Tin-can is from 1770;as naval slangfor destroyer,by 1937.Tin-type in photography

41、is from 1864.Tin ear lack ofmusical discernment is from 1909.Tin Lizzie early Ford,especially a Model T,firstrecorded 1915.zinc(n.)Look up zinc at D1650s,zinke,from German Zink,perhaps related to Zinke prong,point;said tohave been used first by Paracelsus(c.1526)on analogy of the form of its crystal

42、safter smelting.Zinke is from Old High German zint a point,jag,from Proto-Germanic*teng-tine(source also of Old Norse tindr point,top,summit,OldEnglish tind prong,spike),from PIE*denk-to bite.Spelling with-c-is from 1813,from French influence.gabbro(n.)Look up gabbro at Dtype of igneous rock,1823,in

43、troduced in geology 1809 by German geologistChristian Leopold von Buch(1774-1853),from Italian(Tuscan)gabbro,a wordamong the marble-workers,of obscure origin;perhaps from Latin glaber bare,smooth,bald(see glad).Related:Gabbroic.galena(n.)Look up galena at Dlead ore,lead sulphide,c.1600,from Latin ga

44、lena mix of silver and lead;dross fromsmelting lead,of unknown origin.Related:Galenic.garnet(n.)Look up garnet at Dmid-15c.,metathesized form of gernet the gem garnet(early 14c.),from Old Frenchgrenate,gernatte,granate garnet,also an adjective,of a dark red color,fromMedieval Latin granatum garnet;o

45、f dark red color,perhaps abstracted from theMedieval Latin or Old French words for pomegranate,from the stones resemblanceeither to the shape of the seeds or the color of the pulp.Or the word might be fromMedieval Latin granum grain,in its sense of cochineal,red dye.A widespreadword:Spanish and Port

46、uguese granate,Italian granato,Dutch granaat,GermanGranat.agate(n.)Look up agate at D1560s,from Middle French agathe(16c.),from Latin achates,from Greek akhates,the name of a river in Sicily where the stones were found(Pliny).But the river couldas easily be named for the stone.The earlier English fo

47、rm of the word,achate(early 13c.),was directly from Latin.Figurative sense of a diminutive person(c.1600)is from the now-obsolete meaningsmall figures cut in agates for seals,preserved in typographers agate(1838),theU.S.name of the 5.5-point font called in Great Britain ruby.Meaning toy marblemade o

48、f glass resembling agate is from 1843(colloquially called an aggie).aluminum(n.)Look up aluminum at D1812,coined by English chemist Sir Humphry Davy(1778-1829),from alumina,name given 18c.to aluminum oxide,from Latin alumen alum(see alum).Davyoriginally called it alumium(1808),then amended this to a

49、luminum,which remainsthe U.S.word,but British editors in 1812 further amended it to aluminium,themodern preferred British form,to better harmonize with other metallic element names(sodium,potassium,etc.).Aluminium,for so we shall take the liberty of writing the word,in preference toaluminum,which ha

50、s a less classical sound.Quarterly Review,1812galena(n.)Look up galena at Dlead ore,lead sulphide,c.1600,from Latin galena mix of silver and lead;dross fromsmelting lead,of unknown origin.Related:Galenic.gypsum(n.)Look up gypsum at Dsubstance(hydrated calcium sulphate)used in making plaster,late 14c