2018年高考英语试题附标准答案.pdf

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1、绝密启用前2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项：1答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。3考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力共两节,满分 30 分做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节 共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分,满分 7.5 分听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出

2、最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A.19.15.B.9.18.C.9.15.答案是 C。1.What will James do tomorrow?A.Watch a TV program.B.Give a talk.C.Write a report.2.What can we say about the woman?A.Shes generous.B.Shes curious.C.Shes helpful.3.When does the train leave?A.At 6:30

3、.B.At 8:30.C.At 10:30.4.How does the woman go to work?A.By car.B.On foot.C.By bike.5.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Classmates.B.Teacher and student.C.Doctor and patient.第二节 共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分,满分 22.5 分听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题

4、,每小题 5 秒钟；听完后,各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第 6 段材料,回答第 6、7 题。6.What does the woman regret?A.Giving up her research.B.Dropping out of college.C.Changing her major.7.What is the woman interested in studying now?A.Ecology.B.Education.C.Chemistry.听第 7 段材料,回答第 8、9 题。8.What is the man?1/10A.A hotel manage

5、r.B.A tour guide.C.A taxi driver.9.What is the man doing for the woman?A.Looking for some local foods.B.Showing her around the seaside.C.Offering information abouta hotel.听第 8 段材料,回答第 10 至 12 题。10.Where does the conversation probably take place?A.In an office.B.At home.C.At a restaurant.11.What will

6、 the speakers do tomorrow evening?A.Go to a concert.B.Visit a friend.C.Work extra hours.12.Who is Alice going to call?A.Mike.B.Joan.C.Catherine.听第 9 段材料,回答第 13 至 16 题。13.Why does the woman meet the man?A.To look at an apartment.B.To deliver some furniture.C.To have a meal together.14.What does the w

7、oman like about the carpet?A.Its color.B.Its design.C.Its quality.15.What does the man say about the kitchen?A.Its a good size.B.Its newly painted.C.Its adequately equipped.16.What will the woman probably do next?A.Go downtown.B.Talk with her friend.C.Make payment.听第 10 段材料,回答第 17 至 20 题。17.Who is t

8、he speaker probably talking to?A.Movie fans.B.News reporters.C.College students.18.When did the speaker take English classes?A.Before he left his hometown.B.After he came to America.C.When he was 15 years old.19.How does the speaker feel about his teacher?A.Hes proud.B.Hes sympathetic.C.Hes grateful

9、.20.What does the speaker mainly talk about?A.How education shaped his life.B.How his language skills improved.C.How he managed his business well.第二部分阅读理解共两节,满分 40 分第一节 共 15 小题；每小题 2 分,满分 30 分阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。A AWashington,D.C.Bicycle ToursWashington,D.C.Bicycle ToursCherry Bloss

10、om Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.2/10Duration:3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees withbeautiful flowers of Washington,D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees andthe famous monuments wh

11、ere they blossom.Reserve your spot before availability and thecherry blossoms disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourWashington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington,D.C.Explore the monuments and m

12、emorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique factsand history at each stop.Guided tour includes bike,helmet,cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Duration:3 hoursMorning or Afternoon,this bike tour is the perfect tour

13、 for D.C.newcomers and localslooking to experience Washington,D.C.in a healthy waywith minimum effort.Knowledgeableguides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents,Congress,memorials,and parks.Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route make cycling between the sitesfun and

14、 relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourWashington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington,D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and theNa

15、tional Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts andhistory.Tour includes bike,helmet,and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vestsand safety lights.21.Which tour do youneed to book in advance?A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.B.Wash

16、ington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A.Meet famous people.B.Go to a national park.C.Visit well-known museums.D.Enjoy interesting stories.23.Which of the foll

17、owing does thebicycletour at night provide?A.City maps.B.Cameras.C.Meals.D.Safety lights.B BGood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious andnutritious meals on a tigh

18、t budget.InSave Money:Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef3/10Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under 5per family a day.And theGood Morning Britainpresenter says shes been able to put a lot of whatshes learnt int

19、o practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeawayrestaurant,she explains.I pay 5 for a portion,but Matt makes them for 26p a portion,because they are flour,water,sugar and oil.Everybody can

20、buy takeaway food,but sometimeswere not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.The eight-part series,Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITVsSave Money:Good Health,which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range ofhealth products on the market.With food our

21、biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time with adifferent family each week.In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need ofsome delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms the familys long weekend ofcelebration with less expensive but still tasty re

22、cipes.24.What do we know about Susanna Reid?A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B.She has started a new programme.C.She dislikes working early in the morning.D.She has had a tight budget for herfamily.25.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A.He buys cooking materials for her.B.He prepares food for h

23、er kids.C.He assists her in cooking matters.D.He invites guest families for her.26.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.B.Provide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background information.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.27.What can be a suit

24、able title for the text?A.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB.Balancing Our Daily DietC.MakingYourself a Perfect ChefD.Cooking Well for LessCLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there hasbeen less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by h

25、unter-gatherers,small,tightly knit groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of eachother.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago,when the world had just five to tenmillion people,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards,many of those people starte

26、d settling down to become farmers,and theirlanguages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsoryeducation,especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades,

27、all havecausedmany languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish andChinese are increasingly taking over.At present,the world has about 6,800 languages.The distributionof these languages ishugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages,often s

28、poken bymany people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only4/10around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number of speakers is a mere6,000,

29、which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewerpeople than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction,with onlya few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon,Chiapaneco in Mexico,Lipan Apache in the United States or Wadjigu inAustr

30、alia:none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.C.They had similar patterns.B.They were large in number.D.They were closely connected.29.Which of the following best explains dominant underlined in parag

31、raph 2?A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.30.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A.About 6,800.B.About3,400.C.About 2,400.D.About1,200.31.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human dev

32、elopment results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.DWe may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight ofsomething shiny and new,but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices wellafter they go out of style.Thats bad news for the

33、environment and our wallets as these outdateddevices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and her colleagues atthe Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for eac

34、hproduct throughout its life from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped by generation.Desktop computers,basic mobile phones,and box-set TVsdefined 1992.Digital cameras

35、 arrived on the scene in 1997.And MP3 players,smartphones,and LCDTVs entered homes in 2002,before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more d evices,however,we didnt throw out our old ones.The living-roomtelevision is replaced and gets planted in the kids room,and suddenly one d

36、ay,you have a TV inevery room of the house,said one researcher.The average number of electronic devices rosefrom four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.Were not just keeping these old devices wecontinue to use them.According to the analysis ofBabbitts team,old desktop monitors and boxTVs with cath

37、ode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contributionto greenhouse gas emissions more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution?The teams data only went up to 2007,but theresearchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old produ

38、cts with new5/10electronics that serve more than one function,such as a tablet for word processing and TVviewing.They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs anddesktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32.Whatdoes the authorthink ofnew devices?A.They ar

39、e environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.33.Why did Babbitts team conduct the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electrici

40、ty consumption of the devices.34.Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-set TV.B.The tablet.C.The LCD TV.D.The desktop computer.35.What does the text suggest people do aboutold electronic devices?A.Stop using them.B.Take them apart.C.Upgrade them.D.Recycle them.第二节 共 5 小题；每小题 2 分,满分

41、10 分根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Color is fundamental in home design something youll always have in every room.A graspof how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to livein.Do you want a room thatsfull of life?Professional?Or are you just l

42、ooking for a place to relaxafter a long day?36,color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years,there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approachthis important point.37,they can get a little complex.But good n ews is that therere really only

43、three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home:the small ones,the mediumones,and the large ones.38.Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows,mirrors and baskets that most of us useto add visual interest to our rooms.Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensiv

44、e thanbuying a colorful sofa,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easilychangeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas,dinner tables orbookshelves.39.They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones,and they have a morepowerful effect o

45、n the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls,ceilings,and floors.Whether yourelooking at wallpaper or paint,the time,effort and relative expense put into it are significant.40.A.While all of them are usefulB.Whatever youre looking forC.If youre experimenting wit

46、h a colorD.Small color choices are the ones were most familiar withE.Its not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF.So it pays to be sure,because you want to get it right the first timeG.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways第三部分语言知识运用共两节,满分 4

47、5 分第一节共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分,满分 30 分6/10阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。During my second year at the city college,I was told that the education department wasoffering a free course,called Thinking Chess,for three credits.I41the idea of taking theclass because,after all,who doesnt want to42a f

48、ew dollars?More than that,Id alwayswanted to learn chess.And,even if I werent43enough about free credits,news about our44was appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster,which45I wouldbe learning from one of the games46 .I could hardly wait to47him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart,a f

49、ormer graduate returning to teach,and thiswas no game for him;he meant business.In his introduction,he made it49that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to 50the class,among other criteria,we hadto write a paper on how we plan to 51what we would learn in class to our future professionsand,52,t

50、o our lives.I managed to get an A in that 53and learned life lessons that haveserved me well beyond the54 .Ten years after my chess class with Ashley,Im still putting to use what he55me:Theabsolute most important56that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57.On every single move you hav