公路工程名词术语中英文对照11.docx

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1、编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第44页 共44页公路工程名词术语中英文对照公路 highway道路 road公路工程 highway engineering公路网 highway network公路网密度 highway density公路等级 highway classification公路自然区划climatic zoning for highway公路用地 highway right-of-way高速公路 freeway等级公路 classified highway辅道 relief road干线公路 arterial highway支线公路 feed

2、er highway专用公路 accommodate highway国家干线公路（国道） national trunk highway.省级干线公路（省道） provincial trunk highway县公路（县道） county road乡公路（乡道） township road辐射式公路 radial highway环形公路 ring highway绕行公路 bypass交通结构 traffic structure交通组成 traffic composition混合交通 mixed traffic交通流 traffic flow交通流理论 traffic flow theory车流ve

3、hicle stream交通密度 traffic density车头间距 Space headway车头时距 time headway车间净距 vehicular gap延误 delay地点速度 spot speed行驶速度 running speed运行速度 operating speed临界速度 critical speed平均速度 average speed计算行车速度(设计车速) design speed交通量traffic volume年平均日交通量 annual average daily月平均日交通量 monthly average daily traffic年第30 位最大小时

4、交通量thirtieth highest annual hourly volume年最大小时交通量 maximum annual hourly volume设计小时交通量design hourly volume通行能力 traffic capacity基本通行能力 basic traffic capacity可能通行能力 possible traffic capacity设计通行能力 design traffic capacity道路服务水平 level of service公路交通规划 traffic planning交通调查 traffic survey交通量调查 traffic volu

5、me survey交通量观测站traffic volume observation station起迄点调查（OD 调查） origin-destination study出行 trip境内交通 local traffic过境交通 through traffic交通发生 traffic generation交通分布 traffic distribution交通分配 traffic assignment交通预测 traffic prognosis行车道 carriageway分离式行车道 Divided carriageway车道 lane变速车道 speed-change lane加速车道 a

6、cceleration lane减速车道 deceleration lane爬坡车道 climbing lane停车道 parking lane错车道 turn-out lane自行车道 cycle path路侧人行道 sidewalk分隔带 lane separator中央分隔带 median divider中间带 central strip路肩 shoulder；verge路缘带 marginal strip路缘石 kerb；curb侧向余宽 lateral clearance路拱 camber；crown路拱横坡 crown slope公路建筑限界 clearance of highwa

7、y公路路线 highway route公路线形 highway alignment平面线形 horizontal alignment纵面线形 vertical alignment线形要素 alignment elements平曲线horizontal curve极限最小平曲线半径 limited minimum radius of horizontal curv复曲线 compound curve反向曲线 reverse curve断背曲线 broken-back curve回头曲线 switch-back curve缓和曲线 transition curve竖曲线vertical curve

8、弯道加宽 curve widening加宽缓和段 transition zone of curve超高 superelevation超高缓和段 superelevation runoff纵坡longitudinal gradient最大纵坡 maximum longitudinal gradient最小纵坡 minimum longitudinal gradient变坡点 grade change point平均纵坡 average gradient坡长限制 grade length limitation高原纵坡折减 highland grade compensation缓和坡段 transi

9、tion grading zone合成坡度 resultant gradient视距sight distance停车视距 non-passing sight distance，stopping sight distance超车视距 passing sight distance道路交叉 road intersection道口railroad grade crossing平面交叉 at-grade intersection；grade crossing正交叉 right-angle intersection斜交叉 skew intersection环形交叉 rotary intersection十

10、字形交叉”十”intersectionT 形交叉 T intersection错位交叉 offset intersection；staggered junctionY 形交叉 Y intersection立体交叉 grade separation分离式立体交叉 simple grade separation，separate grade crossing互通式立体交叉 Interchange目蓿叶形立体交叉full cloverleaf interchange部分目蓿叶形立体交叉 cloverleaf interchange菱形立体交叉 diamond interchange定向式立体交叉 d

11、irectional interchange喇叭形立体交叉 three-Leg interchange环形立体交叉 rotary interchange匝道 ramp交叉口 road crossing；intersection交叉口进口 intersection entrance交叉口出口 intersection exit加铺转角式交叉口 intersection with widened corners拓宽路口式交叉口 flared intersection分道转弯式交叉口channelized intersection渠化交通channelization交织 weaving交织路段 we

12、aving section合流 converging分流 diverging冲突点conflict point交通岛traffic island导流岛 channelization island中心岛central island安全岛 refuge island沿线设施 roadside facilities交通安全设施 traffic safety device人行横道 crosswalk人行地道pedestrian underpass人行天桥 pedestrian overcrossing护栏 guard fence防护栅 guard fence，safety barrier遮光栅anti

13、-dizzling screen应急电话 emergency telephone反光标志 reflective sign反光路钮 reflective button弯道反光镜 traffic mirror道路交通标志 road traffic sign警告标志 warning sign禁令标志 regulatory sign指示标志 guide sign指路标志 information sign辅助标志 auxiliary sign可变信息标志 changeable message sign路面标线 pavement marking防雪设施 snow protection facilities

14、防沙设施 sands protection facilities隔音墙 acoustic barrier停车场 parking area踏勘 reconnaissance可行性研究 feasibility study线形设计 highway alignment design公路景观设计 highway landscape design选线 route selection路线控制点 control point定线 location比较线 alternative line展线 line development初测 preliminary survey定测 location survey地貌 top

15、ographic feature地物 culture地形 topography台地 terrace垭口 pass；saddle back平原区 plain terrain微丘区 rolling terrain重丘区 hilly terrain山岭区 mountainous terrain沿溪线 valley line山脊线 ridge line山坡线 hill-sideline越岭线 ridge crossing line土方调配 cut-fill transition土方调配图 cut-fill transition program土方调配经济运距economical hauling dis

16、tance导线 traverse导线测量 traverse survey中线 center line中线测量 center line survey施工测量 construction survey竣工测量 final survey(路线)平面图 plan交点 intersection point虚交点 imaginary intersection point转点 turning point；转角 intersection angle方位角 azimuth angle象限角 bearing方向角 direction angle切线长 tangent length曲线长 curve length外(

17、矢)距 external secant测站 instrument station测点 observation point中桩 center stake加桩 additional stake护桩 reference stake断链 broken chainage水准测量 leveling survey水准点 benchmark绝对基面 absolute datum高程 elevation地面高程 ground elevation设计高程 designed elevation(路线)纵断面图 profile中桩填挖高度 cut and fill at center stake地形测量 topogr

18、aphic survey基线 baseline地形图 topographic map等高线 contour line横断面测量 cross-sectional survey横断面图 cross-section坑探 pit test钻探 boring摄影测量 photogrammetry航空摄影测量 aerial photogrammetry地面立体摄影测量 ground stereo photogrammetry地面控制点测量 ground control-point survey航摄基线 aerophoto base影像地图 photographic map像片索引图(镶辑复照图) phot

19、o index航摄像片判读 aerophoto interpretation综合法测图 planimatric photo全能法测图 universal photo微分法测图 differential photo像片镶嵌图 photo mosaic路基 subgrade路堤 embankment路堑 cutting半填半挖式路基 part cut-partfill subgrade台口式路基 benched subgrade路基宽度 width of subgrade路基设计高程 design elevation of subgrade(路基)最小填土高度 minimum height of

20、fill边坡 side slope边坡坡度 grade of side slope(边)坡顶 top of slope(边)坡脚 toe of slope护坡道 berm边坡平台 plain stage of slope碎落台 berm at the foot of cutting slope护坡 slope protection挡土墙 retaining wall重力式挡土墙 gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙 balance weight retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙 cantilever retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙 counterfort

21、retaining wall柱板式挡土墙 column-plate tetaining wall锚杆式挡土墙 anchored retaining wall by tie rods锚碇板式挡土墙 anchored bulkhead tetaining wall石笼 rock filled gabion抛石 riprap路基排水 subgrade drainage边沟 side ditch截水沟 intercepting ditch排水沟 drainage ditch急流槽 chute跌水 drop water蒸发池 evaporation pond盲沟 blind drain渗水井 seepa

22、ge well透水路堤 permeable embankment过水路面 ford填方 fill挖方 cut借土borrow earth弃土 waste取土坑 borrow pit弃土堆 waste bank回填土 back-filling黄土 loess软土 soft soil淤泥 mud泥沼 moor泥炭 peat盐渍土 salty soil膨胀土 expansive soil冻土frozen soil多年冻土 permafrost流砂 quicksand软弱地基 soft ground强夺法 dynamic consolidation预压法preloading method反压护道 lo

23、ading berm砂井 sand drain路基砂垫层 sand mat of subgrade压实 compaction压实度 degree of compaction（标准）最大干容重 maximum dry unit weight相对密实度 relative density毛细水 capi11ary water土石方爆破 blasting procedure抛掷爆破 blasting for throwing rock爆破漏斗 blasting crater松动爆破 blasting for loosening rock爆破作用圈 acting circ les of blasting

24、路面 pavement弹性层状体系理论 elastic multilayer theory（回弹）弯沉 deflection加州承载比（ CBR ） California bearing ratio, CBR)路面宽度 width of pavement路槽 road trough刚性路面 rigid pavement柔性路面 flexible pavement路面结构层 pavement structure layer面层surface course磨耗层 wearing course联结层 binder course基层 base course垫层 bed course隔水层 aquita

25、rd隔温层 thermal insulating course封层 sea1 coat透层 prime coat保护层 protection course补强层 streng thening layer高级路面 high type pavement次高级路面 sub-high type pavement中级路面 intermediate type pavement低级路面 low type pavement水泥混凝土路面 cement concrete pavement沥青路面 bituminous pavement沥青混凝土路面 bituminous concrete pavement沥青碎

26、石路面 bituminous macadam pavement沥青贯入碎（砾）石路面 bituminous penetration pavement沥青表面处治 bituminous surface treatment块料路面 block pavement石块路面 stone block pavement泥结碎石路面 clay-bound macadam pavement水结碎石路面 water-bound macadam pavement级配路面 graded aggregate pavement稳定土基层 stabilized soil base course工业废渣基层 industri

27、al waste base course块石基层 Telford base层铺法 spreading in layers拌和法 mixing method厂拌法 plant mixing method路拌法 road mixing method热拌泼 hot mixing method冷拌法 cold mixing method热铺法 hot laid method冷铺法 cold laid method贯入法 penetration method铺砌法 pitching method缩缝contraction joint胀缝 expansion joint真缝 true joint假缝 du

28、mmy joint横缝transverse Jo1nt纵缝 longitudinal joint施工缝 construction joint传力杆 dowel bar拉杆 tie bar路面平整度 surface evenness路面粗糙度 surface roughness路面摩擦系数friction coefficient of pavement附着力 adhesive force水滑现象hydroplaning phenomenon桥梁 bridge公路桥 highway bridge公铁两用桥 highway and rail transit bridge人行桥 pedestrian

29、bridge跨线桥 overpass bridge高架桥 viaduct永久性桥 permanent bridge半永久性桥 semi-permanent bridge临时性桥 temporary bridge钢筋混凝土桥 reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥 prestressed concrete bridge钢桥 steel bridge圬工桥 masonry bridge木桥 timber bridge正交桥 right bridge斜交桥 skew bridge弯桥 curved bridge坡桥 bridge on slope斜桥 skew bridg

30、e正桥 right bridge上承式桥 deck bridge中承式桥 half-through bridge下承式桥 through bridge梁桥 beam bridge简支梁桥 simple supported beam bridge连续梁桥 continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥 cantilever beam bridge联合梁桥 composite beam bridge板桥 slab bridge拱桥 arch bridge双曲拱桥 two-way curved arch bridge空腹拱桥 open spandrel arch bridge实腹拱桥 fill

31、ed spandrel arch bridge系杆拱桥 bowstring arch bridge桁架桥 truss bridge刚构桥 rigid frame bridgeT 形刚构桥 T-shaped rigid frame bridge连续刚构桥 continuous rigid frame bridge斜腿刚构桥 rigid frame bridge with inclined 1egs斜拉桥(斜张桥) cable stayed bridge悬索桥 suspension bridge漫水桥 submersible bridge浮桥 pontoon bridge开启桥 movable b

32、ridge装配式桥 fabricated bridge装拆式钢桥 fabricated steel bridge涵洞 culvert管涵 pipe culvert拱涵 arch culvert箱涵 box culvert盖板涵 slab culvert无压力式涵洞 non-pressure culvert压力式涵洞 pressure culvert半压力式涵洞 partial pressure culvert倒虹吸涵 siphon culvert上部结构 superstructure主梁 main beam横梁 floor beam纵梁 longitudinal beam，stringer挂梁

33、 suspended beam拱圈 arch，ring拱上结构 spandrel structure腹拱 spandrel arch拱上侧墙 spandrel wall桥面系 floor system，bridge decking桥面铺装 bridge deck pavement伸缩缝 expansion and contraction joint桥面伸缩装置 bridge floor expansion andcontraction installation安全带 safety belt桥头搭板 transition slab at bridge head下部结构 substructure桥

34、墩 pier墩身 pier body墩帽 coping盖梁 bent cap破冰体 ice apron重力式桥墩 gravity pier实体桥墩 solid pier空心桥墩 hollow pier柱式桥墩 column pier排架桩墩 pile bent pier柔性墩 flexible pier制动墩 braking pier单向推力墩 single direction thrusted pier桥台 abutment台身 abutment body前墙 front wall翼墙 wing walls台帽 coping锥坡 conical slope耳墙 wing wallsU 形桥台

35、 U-shaped abutment八字形桥台 flare wing wall abutment一字形桥台 head wall abutment，straight abutment重力式桥台 gravity abutment埋置式桥台 buried abutment扶壁式桥台 counterforted abutment锚锭板式桥台 anchored bulkhead abutment支撑式桥台 supported type abutment地基 subsoil加固地基 consolidated subsoil天然地基 natural subsoil基础 foundation扩大基础 spre

36、ad foundation沉井基础 open caisson foundation管柱基础 cylindrical shaft foundation桩基础 pile foundation桩 pile预制桩 precast pile就地灌注桩 cast-in-place concrete pile摩擦桩 friction pile支承桩 bearing pile承台 bearing platform支座 bearing固定支座 fixed bearing活动支座 expansion bearing索塔 cable bent tower索鞍 cable saddle调治构造物 regulating

37、 structure丁坝 spur dike顺坝 longitudinal dam桥位 bridge site桥梁全长 total length of bridge主桥 main bridge引桥 approach span跨径 span桥涵计算跨径 computed span桥涵净跨径 clear span矢跨比 rise span ratio计算矢高 calculated rise of arch桥下净空 clearance of span桥面净空 clearance above bridge floor桥梁建筑高度 construction height of bridge荷载 load

38、永久荷载 permanent load可变荷载 variable load偶然荷载 accidental load荷载组合 loading combinations车辆荷载标准 loading standard for design vehicle设计荷载 design load施工荷载 construction load梁 beam简支梁 simple-supported beam连续梁 continuous beam悬臂梁 cantilever beam板 slab拱 arch桁架 truss刚构 rigid frame柱 column强度 strength刚度 stiffness，rig

39、idity抗裂度 crack resistance稳定性 stability位移 displacement变形 deformation挠度 deflection预拱度 camber流域 catchment basin集水面积 runoff area径流 runoff水文测验 hydrological survey河床 river bed河槽 river channel主槽 main channel边滩 side shoal河滩 rlood land河床宽度 bed width河槽宽度 channel width过水断面 discharge section水位 water level最高(或最低

40、)水位maximum(minimum)water level通航水位 navigable water level设计水位 design water lever水面比降 water surface slope河床比降 gradient of river bed湿周 weffed perimeter糙率 coefficient of roughuess水力半径 hydraulic radius水文计算 hydrological computation设计流量 designed discharge设计流速 designed flow velocity行近流速 approach velocity洪水调

41、查 flood survey洪水频率 flood frequency设计洪水频率 designed flood frequency潮汐河流 tidal river悬移质 suspended load推移质 bed material load水力计算 hydraulic computation水头 water head冲刷 scour桥下一般冲刷 general scour under bridge桥墩(或台)局部冲刷local scour near pier自然演变冲刷 natural scour冲刷系数 coefficient of scouring淤积 silting壅水 back wat

42、er流冰 ice drift先张法 pretensioning method后张法 post-tensioning method缆索吊装法 erection with cableway悬臂拼装法 erection by protrusion悬臂浇筑法 cast-in-place cantilever method移动支架逐跨施工法 span by span method纵向拖拉法 erection by longitudinal pulling method顶推法 incremental launching method转体架桥法 construction by swing浮运架桥法 erec

43、ting by floating顶入法 jack-in method围堰 cofferdam护筒 pile casing隧道 tunnel洞门 tunnel portal衬砌 tunnel lining明洞 open cut tunnel围岩 surrounding rork隧道建筑限界 structural approach limit of tunnels明挖法 open cut method矿山法 mine tunnelling method盾构法 shield tunnelling method沉埋法(沉管法) immersed tunnel导坑 heading隧道支撑 tunnel

44、support构件支撑 element support喷锚支护 lock bolt support with shotcrete隧道通风 tunnel ventilation隧道照明 tunnel lighting养护 maintenance定期养护 periodical maintenance巡回养护 patrol maintenance大中修周期 maintenance period小修保养 routine maintenance中修 intermediate maintenance大修 heavy maintenance改善工程 road inprovement抢修 emergency

45、repair of road加固 strengthening of structure回砂 sand sweeping罩面 overlay of pavement路面翻修 pavement recapping路向补强 pavement strengthening车辙 rutting路面搓板 surface corrugation路面网裂 net-shaped cracking路面龟裂 alligator cracking路面碎裂 pavement spalling反射裂缝 reflection crack路面坑槽 pot holes路面冻胀 surface frost heave路面沉陷 pavement depression路面滑溜 surface slipperiness露骨 surface angularity啃边 edge failure泛油 bleeding拥包 upheaval拱胀 blow up错台 faulting of slab ends错位 slab staggering滑坡 slide坍方 land slide崩塌 collapse碎落 d