新加坡地理经济文化英语介绍-Singapore.docx

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1、编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第6页 共6页新加坡地理经济文化英语介绍新加坡共和国Republic of SingaporeSingapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula. It lies 137 kilometres (85 mi) north of the equator, south of the Malaysian state of Johor and nor

2、th of Indonesias Riau Islands. At 707.1 km2 (273.0 sq mi), Singapore is one of four remaining true city-states in the world. It is the smallest nation in Southeast Asia. Prior to European settlement, the island now known as Singapore was the site of a Malay fishing village at the mouth of the Singap

3、ore River. Several hundred indigenous Orang Laut people also lived along the nearby coast, rivers and on smaller islands. In 1819 the British East India Company established a trading post on the island, which was used thereafter as a strategic trading post along the spice route.4 Singapore would bec

4、ome one of the most important commercial and military centres of the British Empire, and the hub of British power in Southeast Asia. The city was occupied by the Japanese during World War II, which Winston Churchill called Britains greatest defeat.5 Singapore reverted to British rule immediately pos

5、twar, in 1945. Eighteen years later the city, having achieved independence from Britain, merged with Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak to form Malaysia. However, less than two years later it seceded from the federation and became an independent republic on 9 August 1965. Singapore joined the United Nations

6、on 21 September that same year. It is also a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. Since independence, Singapores standard of living has been on the rise. Foreign direct investment and a state-led drive to industrialisation based on plans drawn up by the Dutch economist Albert Winsemius have create

7、d a modern economy focused on electronics manufacturing, petrochemicals, tourism and financial services alongside traditional entrept trade.citation needed Singapore is the 5th wealthiest country in the world in terms of GDP (PPP) per capita.6 This small nation has foreign exchange reserves of more

8、than US$177 billion.7 The population of Singapore is approximately 4.84 million.2 Though Singapore is highly cosmopolitan and diverse, ethnic Chinese form the majority of the population. English is the administrative language of the country. The Constitution of the Republic of Singapore established

9、the nations political system as a representative democracy, while the country is recognised as a parliamentary republic.8 The Peoples Action Party (PAP) dominates the political process and has won control of Parliament in every election.新加坡自然地理Nature Geography 1位于东南亚，是马来西亚半岛最南端的一个热带城市岛国。面积为693平方公里，北

10、隔柔佛海峡与马来西亚为邻，有长堤与马来西亚的新山相通，南隔新加坡海峡与印度尼西亚相望。Singapore physical geography is located at Southeast Asia, is a Peninsular Malaysia most south tip of tropics city island country. The area is 693 square kilometers, north separates the Johore channel and Malaysia is the neighbour, has the causeway and Mala

11、ysias Johore is interlinked, south separates the Singapore channel and Indonesia faces one another新加坡国名由来How Did Singapore Get Its Name2加坡是一个城市国家，原意为“狮城”。据马来史籍记载，公元1150年左右，苏门答腊的室利佛逝王国王子盘那乘船到达此岛，看见一头猛兽，当地人告知为狮子，遂有“狮城”之称。新加坡是梵语“狮城”之谐音，由于当地居民受印度文化影响较深，喜欢用梵语作为地名。而狮子具有勇猛、雄健的特征，故以此作为地名是很自然的事。过去华侨多称其为“息辣”，

12、即马来语“海峡”的意思，也有因其小而将之称为星洲、星岛的。图为新加坡的标志与象征鱼尾狮塑像和“新加坡国父”-李光耀。Singapore is a city state, the original intention is “Singapore”. According to Malaya the historical records record, about 1150, Sumatras room advantage Buddha passed kingdom prince plate that to go by boat to arrive at this island, saw a bea

13、st of prey, the native to inform for the lion, then had “Singapore” the name. Singapore is Pali “Singapore” the harmonics, because the local resident is been deep the Indian culture influence, likes taking the geographic name with Pali. But the lion has, the vigorous characteristic fiercely, therefo

14、re by this achievement geographic name is the very natural matter. In the past overseas Chinese multi-name it “the Singapore”, namely Malay “channel” meaning, also had because of its slightly, but will be called Singapore, Sing Tao. The chart makes an idol for Singapores symbol and the symbolic - -

15、fish tail lion with “the Singapore father”-Lee Kuan Yew.面积Area measurement：为693平方公里693 square kilometers t 3首都Capital：新加坡（Singapore）独立日Independence Day：8月9日（1965年）官方语言official language：英语、汉语、马来语、泰米尔语English, Chinese, Malay, Tamil language行政用语：英语 汉语（2006年起汉语也可作为政府行政语言）Administrative terminology: Engl

16、ish Chinese (in 2006 Chinese may also take government administration language国家格言：Majulah Singapura（前进吧，新加坡” Advance, Singapore国歌：Majulah Singapura 前进吧，新加坡Advance, Singapore国语National language：马来语Malay国花national flower：以一种名为卓锦万代兰的胡姬花为国花。东南亚通称兰花为胡姬花。卓锦万代兰是由卓锦女士培植而成，花朵清丽端庄、生命力特强，它象征新加坡人的气质和刻苦耐劳、果敢奋斗的精

17、神。这种浅紫红色的美丽兰花有四个花瓣，象征各民族及英语、华语、马来语、泰米尔语4大语系。Take one kind of named outstanding brocade throughout the ages blue Hu Jihua as the national flower. Southeast Asia generic term orchid is Hu Jihua. The outstanding brocade blue is throughout the ages cultivates by Ms. Zhuo Jin becomes, the flowers simple

18、and beautiful solemn, the vitality is extra-heavy, it symbolizes Singaporean persons makings and endures hardships, the courageous struggle spirit. This kind of shallow purple reds beautiful orchid has four flower petals, symbolizes various nationalities and English, Chinese, Malay, the Tamil langua

19、ge 4 big language families.政要Politicians 4 内阁资政李光耀，1965年新加坡独立后，长期担任总理，1990年11月辞去总理的职务，改任内阁资政。国务资政吴作栋(Goh Chok Tong)，1990年11月至2004年8月任新加坡第二任总理。现任总理李显龙，2004年8月12日宣誓就职，成为新加坡第三任总理，12月当选新加坡人民行动党新一任秘书长，2006年5月再次当选新加坡总理，5月30日宣誓就职总统纳丹，于1999年8月18日当选为新加坡共和国总统，9月1日正式宣誓就职，2005年9月连任。Main points of administration

20、 Politicians cabinet presidential political adviser Lee Kuan Yew, after in 1965 Singapore independence, is premier for a long time, in 1990 November resigned from premiers duty, changed to a new post the cabinet presidential political adviser. State affair presidential political adviser Goh Chok Ton

21、g (Goh Chok Tong), was appointed the Singapore second premier November, 1990 to August, 2004. Incumbent Premier Lee Hsien Loong, on August 12, 2004 was sworn, becomes the Singapore third premier, in December was elected as the Singapore people to move party new secretary general, in May, 2006 was el

22、ected as Singapore premier once more, on May 30 is sworn in President Nadan, was elected in August 18, 1999 as Singapore Republic president, on September 1 is sworn in officially, in September, 2005 continues.经济Economic 5 经济以五大部门为主：商业、制造业、建筑业、金融业、交通和通讯业。工业主要包括制造业和建筑业。制造业产品主要包括电子产品、化学与化学产品、机械设备、交通设备、

23、石油产品、炼油等部门。是世界第三大炼油中心。农业在国民经济中所占比例不到1，主要有家禽饲养和水产业。粮食全部靠进口，蔬菜自产仅占5，绝大部分从马来西亚、中国、印度尼西亚和澳大利亚进口。服务业为经济增长的龙头产业。包括零售与批发贸易、饭店旅游、交通与电讯、金融服务、商业服务等。Economy by five departments primarily: Trade, manufacturing industry, architecture industry, financial industry, transportation and communication industry. The in

24、dustry mainly includes the manufacturing industry and the architecture industry. The manufacturing industry product mainly includes departments and so on electronic products, chemistry and chemicals, mechanical device, traffic facilities, petroleum product, refinery. Is the world third big refinery

25、center. The agriculture accounts for the proportion in the national economy less than 1%, mainly has the raising of poultry and the aquatic products industry. The grain depends on the import completely, the vegetables from produces only accounts for 5%, the major part from Malaysia, China, Indonesia

26、 and Australia imports. Service industry for economic growth leading industry. Including retail sales and wholesale trade, hotel traveling, transportation and telecommunication, financial service, commercial service and so on.货币 Currency货币为新加坡元（SGD），1元等于100分。纸币面值有2元、5元、10元、50元、100元、500元、1000元、10000元

27、；硬币有5分、10分、20分、50分、1元。The currency for the Singapore dollar (SGD), 1 Yuan is equal to 100 points. The paper money face value has 2 Yuan, 5 Yuan, 10 Yuan, 50 Yuan, 100 Yuan, 500 Yuan, 1000 Yuan, 10000 Yuan; The coin has 5 point, 10 point, 20 point, 50 point, 1 Yuan.新加坡共和国的教育：The education of Republic

28、 of Singapore 新加坡教育制度类似英国式制度，除了各语文类科外，均以英语为媒介语言。一般修读完十到十一年的中小学后能选择到初级学院、高中或理工学院就读，前两者半数以上能升上国内大学。新加坡有五所理工学院与三所大专学府，其中新加坡国立大学与南洋理工大学都是亚洲颇具盛名的学府。新加坡每年吸引不少来自中国各地区和马来西亚等地的留学生前来升学，令该国成为亚洲的区域教育枢纽。新加坡教育制度常被批评为过分依赖制式教材，不鼓励个人独立思想空间，强调以考试方式的区别学生素质（升学至上主义），贬低其他的学习方式及职业的贡献，新加坡本土电影小孩不笨即以讨论该制度可能扼杀其他新加坡各类型人才发展，及因个

29、人无独立思考的习惯将无法回应社会变迁挑战为电影主题。The education of Republic of Singapore The Singapore educational system is similar the British type system, besides various languages class branch, take English as medium language. After generally studies ten to 11 year elementary and middle schools, can choose the Communit

30、y college, the high school or the Technical institute goes study, first both more than half can rise the domestic university. Singapore has five Technical institutes with three technical college schools, the Singapore National University and the southern coastal provinces University of Science and T

31、echnology are Asia have the great reputation school. Singapore attracts every year many from places the such as Chinese various areas and Malaysia foreign students comes to enter a higher school, makes this country to become Asias region to educate the key position. The Singapore educational system

32、is often criticized to rely on excessively the service pattern teaching material, does not encourage individual independent thought space, stressed that takes a test the way difference student quality (to enter a higher school supreme principle), disparages other study way and the occupation contrib

33、ution, the Singapore native place movie Child not Stupid namely discusses this system possibly to strangle other Singapore various types talented person to develop, because and individual not independent thinkings custom will be unable to respond the social change challenge for the movie subject. Th

34、e earliest known mention of Singapore was a 3rd century Chinese account which described Singapore as Pu-luo-chung (island at the end of a peninsula). Little is known about the islands history at that time but this matter-of-fact description belies Singapores colourful past.By the 14th century, Singa

35、pore had become part of the mighty Sri Vijayan empire and was known as Temasek (Sea Town). Located at the natural meeting point of sea routes at the tip of the Malay Peninsula, Singapore had long known visits from a wide variety of sea craft, from Chinese junks, Indian vessels, Arab dhows and Portug

36、uese battleships to Buginese schooners.During the 11th century, this small but strategically-placed island had earned a new name - Singa Pura (Lion City). According to legend, a visiting Sri Vijayan prince saw an animal he mistook for a lion and Singapores modern day name was born.The British provid

37、ed the next notable chapter in the Singapore story. During the 18th century, they saw the need for a strategic halfway house to refit, feed and protect the fleet of their growing empire, as well as to forestall any advances by the Dutch in the region. It was against this political backdrop that Sir

38、Stamford Raffles established Singapore as a trading station. The policy of free trade attracted merchants from all over Asia and from as far afield as the US and the Middle East. By 1824, just five years after the founding of modern Singapore, the population had grown from a mere 150 to 10,000.In 18

39、32, Singapore became the centre of government for the Straits Settlements of Penang, Malacca and Singapore. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 and the advent of telegraph and steamship increased Singapores importance as a centre for the expanding trade between East and West.Singapore had been the

40、 site of military action in the 14th century when it became embroiled in the struggle for the Malay Peninsula between Siam (now Thailand), and the Java-based Majapahit Empire.Five centuries later, it was again the scene of significant fighting during World War II. Singapore was considered an impregn

41、able fortress, but the Japanese overran the island in 1942. After the war, Singapore became a Crown Colony. The growth of nationalism led to self-government in 1959 and on 9 August 1965, Singapore became an independent republic.If there is one word that best captures Singapore, it is “unique”. A dyn

42、amic city rich in contrast and colour, youll find a harmonious blend of culture, cuisine, arts and architecture here. Brimming with unbridled energy, this little dynamo in Southeast Asia embodies the finest of both East and West.A single days trail will take you from the past to the future, from exo

43、tic ethnic enclave to efficient business centre, from serene gardens to sleek skyscrapers.Start your day with a hearty breakfast amidst lush vegetation with Singapores very own orang utans. Then take a step back in time as you enter a traditional Chinese temple, Muslim mosque, Hindu temple and Chris

44、tian church - all in the same neighbourhood.Return to the present by strolling down Orchard Road, picking up the latest fashion trends and entertaining local catch phrases along the way. A simple meal is made memorable when drifting along the Singapore River on a traditional bumboat. Step off the bo

45、at and get catapulted 60 metres into the air on a reverse bungy ride! More laughter and fun is in store if you board an amphibious duck to explore the city, in the company of its wacky guides.After a day of excitement, retreat into the peaceful sanctuary of our acclaimed spa, just a stones throw awa

46、y from the best business facilities in the world. When recharged, give yourself at least an hour to enjoy a customary Chinese tea ceremony before you step into a world-class venue to catch a Broadway musical. With its friendly and welcoming people, state-of-the-art infrastructure and something new happening everyday, Singapore is a holiday like no other.第 6 页 共 6 页