电子商务名词解释(英文版).docx

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1、1.e-commerce ：The process of buying, selling, or exchanging products, services, or information via computer；2.e-business：A broader definition of EC that includes not just the buying and selling of goods and services, but also servicing customers, collaborating with business partners, and conducting

2、electronic transactions within an organization；3.brick-and-mortar (old economy) organizations：Old-economy organizations (corporations) that perform their primary business off-line, selling physical products by means of physical agents；4.virtual (pure-play) organizations：Organizations that conduct th

3、eir business activities solely online；5.click-and-mortar (click-and-brick) organizations：Organizations that conduct some e-commerce activities, usually as an additional marketing channel；6.electronic market (e-marketplace)：An online marketplace where buyers and sellers meet to exchange goods, servic

4、es, money, or information；7.Interorganizational information systems (IOSs)：Communications systems that allow routine transaction processing and information flow between two or more organizations；8.Intraorganizational information systems：Communication systems that enable e-commerce activities to go o

5、n within individual organizations；9.intranet：An internal corporate or government network that uses Internet tools, such as Web browsers, and Internet protocols；10.extranet：A network that uses the Internet to link multiple intranets；11.business-to-business (B2B)：E-commerce model in which all of the p

6、articipants are businesses or other organizations；12.business-to-consumer (B2C)：E-commerce model in which businesses sell to individual shoppers；13.business-to-business-to-consumer (B2B2C)：E-commerce model in which a business provides some product or service to a client business that maintains its o

7、wn customers；14.consumer-to-business (C2B)：E-commerce model in which individuals use the Internet to sell products or services to organizations or individuals who seek sellers to bid on products or services they need；15.e-tailing：Online retailing, usually B2C；16.intrabusiness EC：E-commerce category

8、that includes all internal organizational activities that involve the exchange of goods, services, or information among various units and individuals in an organization；17.business-to-employees (B2E)：E-commerce model in which an organization delivers services, information, or products to its individ

9、ual employees；18.consumer-to-consumer(C2C)：E-commerce model in which consumers sell directly to other consumers；19.collaborative commerce (c-commerce)：E-commerce model in which individuals or groups communicate or collaborate online；20.e-learning：The online delivery of information for purposes of tr

10、aining or education；21.e-government：E-commerce model in which a government entity buys or provides goods, services, or information from or to businesses or individual citizens；22.social computing：An approach aimed at making the human-computer interface more natural；23.Web 2.0：The second-generation o

11、f Internet-based services that let people collaborate and share information online in new ways, such as social networking sites, wikis, communication tools, and folksonomies；24.social network：A category of Internet applications that help connect friends, business partners, or individuals with specif

12、ic interests by providing free services such as photo presentations, e-mail, blogging, and so on using a variety of tools；25.social network service (SNS)：A service that builds online communities by providing an online space for people to build free homepages and that provides basic communication and

13、 support tools for conducting different activities in the social network；26.social networking：The creation or sponsoring of a social network service and any activity, such as blogging, done in a social network ；27.enterprise-oriented networks：Social networks whose primary objective is to facilitate

14、business；28.virtual world：A user-defined world in which people can interact, play, and do business. The most publicized virtual world is Second Life；29.digital economy：An economy that is based on digital technologies, including digital communication networks, computers, software, and other related i

15、nformation technologies; also called the Internet economy, the new economy, or the Web economy；30.digital enterprise：A new business model that uses IT in a fundamental way to accomplish one or more of three basic objectives: reach and engage customers more effectively, boost employee productivity, a

16、nd improve operating efficiency. It uses converged communication and computing technology in a way that improves business processes；31.corporate portal：A major gateway through which employees, business partners, and the public can enter a corporate Web site；32.business model：A method of doing busine

17、ss by which a company can generate revenue to sustain itself；33.revenue model:sales,transaction fees,subscription fees,advertising fees,affiliate fees,other revenue sources.1.e-marketplace：An online market, usually B2B, in which buyers and sellers exchange goods or services; the three types of e-mar

18、ketplaces are private, public, and consortia；2.marketspace：A marketplace in which sellers and buyers exchange goods and services for money (or for other goods and services), but do so electronically；3.digital products：Goods that can be transformed to digital format and delivered over the Internet；4.

19、front end：The portion of an e-sellers business processes through which customers interact, including the sellers portal, electronic catalogs, a shopping cart, a search engine, and a payment gateway；5.back end：The activities that support online order fulfillment, inventory management, purchasing from

20、 suppliers, payment processing, packaging, and delivery；6.intermediary：A third party that operates between sellers and buyers；7.sell-side e-marketplace：A private e-marketplace in which one company sells either standard and/or customized products to qualified companies；8.buy-side e-marketplace：A priv

21、ate e-marketplace in which one company makes purchases from invited suppliers；9.storefront：A single companys Web site where products or services are sold；10.e-mall (online mall)：An online shopping center where many online stores are located；11.Web portal：A single point of access, through a Web brows

22、er, to critical business information located inside and outside (via Internet) of an organization；Types of portals:commercial portal,corporate portals,publishing portals,personal portals12.mobile portal：A portal accessible via a mobile device；13.voice portal：A portal accessed by telephone or cell ph

23、one；14.infomediaries：Electronic intermediaries that provide and/or control information flow in cyberspace, often aggregating information and selling it to others；15.e-distributor：An e-commerce intermediary that connects manufacturers with business buyers (customers) by aggregating the catalogs of ma

24、ny manufacturers in one placethe intermediarys Web site；16.electronic catalogs (e-catalogs)：The presentation of product information in an electronic form; the backbone of most e-selling sites；17.enterprise search：The practice of identifying and enabling specific content across the enterprise to be i

25、ndexed, searched, and displayed to authorized users；18.desktop search：Search tools that search the contents of a users or organizations computer files, rather than searching the Internet；19.search engine：A computer program that can access databases of Internet resources, search for specific informat

26、ion or keywords, and report the results；20.electronic shopping cart：An order-processing technology that allows customers to accumulate items they wish to buy while they continue to shop；21.auction：A competitive process in which a seller solicits consecutive bids from buyers (forward auctions) or a b

27、uyer solicits bids from sellers (backward auctions). Prices are determined dynamically by the bids；22.electronic auctions (e-auctions)：Auctions conducted online；23.forward auction：An auction in which a seller entertains bids from buyers. Bidders increase price sequentially；24.reverse auction (biddin

28、g or tendering system)：Auction in which the buyer places an item for bid (tender) on a request for quote (RFQ) system, potential suppliers bid on the job, with the price reducing sequentially, and the lowest bid wins; primarily a B2B or G2B mechanism；25.“name-your-own-price” model：Auction model in w

29、hich a would-be buyer specifies the price (and other terms) he or she is willing to pay to any willing and able seller. It is a C2B model that was pioneered by P；26.double auction：An auction in which multiple buyers and their bidding prices are matched with multiple sellers and their asking prices,

30、considering the quantities on both sides；27.bartering：The exchange of goods and services；28.e-bartering (electronic bartering)：Bartering conducted online, usually in a bartering exchange；29.bartering exchange：A marketplace in which an intermediary arranges barter transactions；30.blog:A personal Web

31、site that is open to the public to read and to interact with; dedicated to specific topics or issues；31.vlog (or video blog)：A blog with video content；32.micro-blogging：A form of blogging that allows users to write messages (usually up to 140 characters) and publish them, either to be viewed by anyo

32、ne or by a restricted group that can be chosen by the user；33.Twitter：A free micro-blogging service that allows its users to send and read other users updates；34.tweets：Text-based posts up to 140 characters in length posted to Twitter；35.tag：A nonhierarchical keyword or term assigned to a piece of i

33、nformation ；36.folksonomy ：The practice and method of collaboratively creating, classifying, and managing tags to annotate and categorize content；37.social bookmarking：Web service for sharing Internet bookmarks. The sites are a popular way to store, classify, share, and search links through the prac

34、tice of folksonomy techniques on the Internet and intranets；38.wiki (wikilog)：A blog that allows everyone to participate as a peer; anyone may add, delete, or change content；39.avatars：Animated computer characters that exhibit humanlike movements and behaviors；40.customization：Creation of a product

35、or service according to the buyers specifications；41.personalization：The ability to tailor a product, service, or Web content to specific user preferences；42.disintermediation：Elimination of intermediaries between sellers and buyers；43.reintermediation：Disintermediated entities or newcomers take on

36、new intermediary roles；44.mass customization：A method that enables manufacturers to create specific products for each customer based on the customers exact needs；45.build-to-order (pull system)：A manufacturing process that starts with an order (usually customized). Once the order is paid for, the ve

37、ndor starts to fulfill it；1.direct marketing：Broadly, marketing that takes place without intermediaries between manufacturers and buyers; in the context of this book, marketing done online between any seller and buyer；2.virtual (pure-play) e-tailers：Firms that sell directly to consumers over the Int

38、ernet without maintaining a physical sales channel；3.click-and-mortar retailers：Brick-and-mortar retailers that offer a transactional Web site from which to conduct business；4.brick-and-mortar retailers：Retailers who do business in the non-Internet, physical world in traditional brick-and-mortar sto

39、res；5.multichannel business model：A business model where a company sells in multiple marketing channels simultaneously；6.electronic(online) banking or e-banking:various banking activities conducted from home or the road using an internet connection;also known as cyberbanking,birtual banking,online b

40、anking ,and home banking7.birtual banks:have no physical location;only conduct online transactions8.shopping portals:gateways to e-storefronts and e-malls;may be comprehensive or niche oriented9.shopping robots:tools that scout the web on behalf of consumers who specify search criteria10.disintermed

41、iation:the removal of organizations or business process layers responsible for certain intermediary steps in a given supply chain11.reintermediation:the process whereby intermediaries take on new intermediary roles12.cybermediation(electronic intermediation):the use of software(intelligent) agents t

42、o facilitate intermediation13.channel conflict:situation in which an online marketing channel upsets the taditional channels due to real or perceived damage from competitionproduct brokering:Deciding what product to buymerchant brokering:Deciding from whom (from what merchant) to buy a productmarket

43、 segmentation:The process of dividing a consumer market into logical groups for conducting marketing research and analyzing personal informationone-to-one marketing (relationship marketing):Marketing that treats each customer in a unique waypersonalization:The matching of services, products, and adv

44、ertising content with individual consumers and their preferencesuser profile:The requirements, preferences, behaviors, and demographic traits of a particular customercookie:A data file that is placed on a users hard drive by a remote Web server, frequently without disclosure or the users consent, wh

45、ich collects information about the users activities at a sitebehavioral targeting:Targeting that uses information collected about an individuals Web-browsing behavior, such as the pages they have visited or the searches they have made, to select an advertisement to display to that individualcollabor

46、ative filtering:A market research and personalization method that uses customer data to predict, based on formulas derived from behavioral sciences, what other products or services a customer may enjoy; predictions can be extended to other customers with similar profilese-loyalty:Customer loyalty to

47、 an e-tailer or loyalty programs delivered online or supported electronicallyinteractive marketing:Online marketing, facilitated by the Internet, by which marketers and advertisers can interact directly with customers, and consumers can interact with advertisers/vendorsCPM (cost per thousand impress

48、ions) :The fee an advertiser pays for each 1,000 times a page with a banner ad is shownadvertising networks:Specialized firms that offer customized Web advertising, such as brokering ads and targeting ads to select groups of consumersbanner:On a Web page, a graphic advertising display linked to the

49、advertisers Web pagespot buying:The purchase of goods and services as they are needed, usually at prevailing market pricesstrategic (systematic) sourcing:Purchases involving long-term contracts that usually are based on private negotiations between sellers and buyersdirect materials:Materials used in the production of a product (e.g