初三英语介词复习.doc

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1、六、六、介介 词词(一)知识概要介词在英语中用法很活，也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个，特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自己的规律来。下面是一般的规律，可帮助学习时参考，千万不要作为定律去背诵，照搬。介词 表示时间 表示地点方位 表示原因方式 其 他about 大约在时间about five oclock 在周围，大约多远about five kilometres关于、涉及talk about youabove高出某一平面above sea levelacross横过 walk across the street 对面 across the st

2、reetafter 在之后after supper跟后面one after another追赶run after youagainst背靠逆风against the wall,against the wind反对be against youamong三者以上的中间among the treesat 在某时刻at ten在小地点at the school gate表示速度at high speed向着，对着at mebefore 在之前before lunch位于之前sit before mebehind位于之后behind the treebelow低于水平below zero不合格below

3、 the standardby 到时刻，在时刻之前by five oclock紧挨着site by site乘坐交通工具by air,by bick 被由was made by usduring 在期间 during the holidaysfor 延续多长时间for five years向去leave for Shanghai为了，对于be good for youfrom 从某时到某时from morning till night来自何方from New York由某原料制成 be made from来自何处where are you fromin 在年、月、周较长时间内in a week

4、 在里面in the room用某种语言in English 穿着in redinto进入里面walk into除 分divide into变动turn into waternear 接近某时near five years 在附近near the parkof用某种原料制成be made of属于性质a map of U.S.Aon 某日、某日的上下午 on Sunday afternoon 在上面on the desk 靠吃为生 live on rice 关于a book on Physicsover 渡过一整段时间work over night 在上方over the desk超过，高于o

5、ver five pairspast 超过某一时刻ten past five经过某地walk past the parksince 从某时以来since 1980原因Since you were illthrough 经过某一时期through his life通过、穿过某地through the foresttilluntil 直到某时为止till five oclockto 差多少时间five to ten问，到，去往to Shanghai面对面face to face给予 give a book to meunder在下面under the desk少于under ten在管制之 下 u

6、nder the rulewith用某种工具with a pen 带着，具有with mewithout没有without air(二)正误辨析误 We got to the top of the mountain in daybreak.正 We got to the top of the mountain at day break.析 at 用于具体时刻之前，如：sunrise,midday,noon,sunset,midnight,night。误 Dont sleep at daytime正 Dont sleep in daytime.析in 要用于较长的一段时间之内，如：in the

7、morning/afternoon,或 in the week/month/year.或 inspring/supper/autumn/winter 等等。误 We visited the old man in Sunday afternoon.正 We visited the old man on Sunday afternoon.析 in the morning,in the afternoon 如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为 on,如：on a cold morning,on the morning of July 14th误 He became a writter

8、 at his twenties正 He became a writter in his twenties析 这句话应译为：他在 20 多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词 in 来表示，而在具体岁数时用 at 来表示。误 He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old.正 He went to New York to find a job at sixteen.析 在具体年岁前用 at,如：at the age of 12，at your age，等等。误 We went to swim in the river i

9、n a very hot day.正 We went to swim in the river on a very hot day.析 具体某一天要用介词 on,又如：on New Years Day误 Im looking forward to seeing you on Christmas.正 Im looking for ward to seeing you at Christmas.析 在节日的当天用 on，而全部节日期间用 at,Christmas 是圣诞节期间，一般要有两周或更长的时间。误 I havent see you during the summer holidays.正

10、I havent seen you since the beginning of the summer holidays.析 during 表示在某一段时间之内，所以一般不与完成时搭配，如：I visited a lot of museums during theholiday.而 for 表示一段时间，可以用于完成时，如：I havent see you for a long time.而 through 用来表示时间时则为整整，全部的时间。如：It rained through the night.而 since 则是表达主句动作的起始时间，一般要与完成时连用。误 At entering

11、the classroom,I heard the good news.正 On entering the classroom,I heard the good news.析 On 加动名词表示一就。本句的译文应是：我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如：onhearing 一听见，on arrival 一到达就(on 表示动作的名词)误 In the beginning of the book,there are some interesting stories.正 At the beginning of the book,there are some interesting stories.

12、析at the begining 与 at the end 都是指某事物的开始与结束部分，均不指时间范围，而 in the beginning则是指开始一段时间。in the endat last 是指最终，终于之意。误 Till the end of next week.I will have finished this work.正 By the end of next week.I will have finished this work.析 by 引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点，其意思为不迟于某一时刻将工作做完，所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态，如：Ill be there

13、 by five oclock.而 till 则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻，但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词，而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式，如：I wont finishthis work till(until)next weekend.误 He came to London before last weekend.正 He had come to London before last weekend.正 He came to London two weeks ago.析 before 一般要与完成时连用，而 ago 则与一般过去时连用。误 I have studied English

14、for three years gince I had come here.正 I have studied English for three years since I came here.析 since 用来表达主句动作的开始时间，所以其引出的从句中应为过去时，而不能用完成时态误 I can help you repair this bike.You will get it after two hours.正 I can help you repair this bike.You will get it in two hours.析 中文经常讲两小时之后来取，两天内会修好，而这个介词在英

15、文中要用 in 而不要用 after。其原因有二，after 多用于过去时，如：I arrived in New York.After three days,I found a job in the bank.after加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围，如：after three days,即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时，一定要用介词 in。误 Three days after he died.正 After three days he died.正 Three days later he died.析 after 与 later 都可以用来表达一段时间之后，但它们

16、所处的位置不同，after 在时间词前，而 later在时间词后。误 She hid herself after the tree.正 She hid herself behind the tree.析after 多用来表达某动作之后，所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词，如：I run after him.After finishingmy homework,I went to see a film.而 behind 则多用于静态事物之后。误 There is a beautiful bird on the tree.正 There is a beautiful bird in the tree.

17、析 树上长出的果实，树叶要用 on,而其他外来的人、物体均要用 in the tree.误 Shanghai is on the east of China.正 Shanghai is in the east of China.析 在表达地理位置时有 3 个介词：in,on,to。in 表示在某范围之内;on 表示与某地区接壤；to 则表示不相接。如：Japan is to the east of China.误 I arrived at New York on July 2nd.正 I arrived in New York on July 2nd.析 at 用来表达较小的地方，而 in 用

18、来表达较大的地方。at 常用于 at the school gate,at home,at a busstop,at the station,at the cinema,at a small village。误 He lived in No.3 Beijing Road.正 He lived at No.3 Beijing Road.析在门牌号码前要用 at,并要注意它的惯用法：at the end of the street,at the foot of the mountain,at thetop of the page。误 There is a colour TV set at the

19、corner of the hall.正 There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall.析 在屋内的角落应用 in，而墙的外角用 at，如：There is a tree at the corner of the street.误 This weekend Ill stay in Uncle Wangs.正 This weekend Ill stay at Uncle Wangs.析 要注意英文的特殊表达法，如：at a tailors shop(裁缝店)at a tailors,at the doctors(去看病)atthe book

20、sellers(在书店)at uncle Wangs(在王叔叔家)误 Do you know there is some good news on todays newspaper?正 Do you know there is some good news in todays newspaper?析 在报纸上的新闻要用 in,而在具体某一版上，或某一页上则要用 on。误 The school will begin on September 1st.正 School will begin on September 1st.析 这里的 school 应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程，即开学之意。要注

21、意，有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词，如：at table(吃饭)，When I came to Toms home,they were at table.还有：at desk(学习)，at work(工作)at school(上学)，in hospital(住医院)at church 作礼拜如加上定冠词则另有他意，如：at the school 即在学校工作或办事，in the hospital 即在医院工作或去看望病人。误 In my way to the station,I bought a newspaper to kill time.正 On my way to the

22、 station,I bought a newspaper to kill time.析 译文为：在去车站的路上我买了份报纸，为的是消磨时光在的路上应用 on ones way。而 in the way 有挡道之意，如：Please move the chair it is in the way。误 Look,the door is open,Maybe someone broke into.正 Look,the door is open,Maybe someone broke in.正 Look,the door is open,Maybe someone broke into the of

23、fice.析 in 是表达一个静止状态，在与 break 连用时其后不加介词宾语，而 into 则是动态介词，与 break连用时要加介词宾语。误 Ill leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow.正 Ill leave Beijing for Shanghai.正 Ill leave for Shanghai.析 leave for 是离开某地去某处的固定搭配，不可将 for 改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有：start for 动身前往某处，set out for，sail for。误 Im sorry.I have to get out the bus at ne

24、xt stop.正 Im sorry.I have to get out of the bus at next stop.析 get in,与 get out 是两个相反的词组。get in 为上车，而 get out 为下车，但语法家认为这里的 in与 out 为副词，所以其后不能接名词，我们可以讲 Wed better get in.或 Wed better get out.还有一组词组有关上下车：get onoff(a train,a ship,a struck)get intoout of(a car,taxi)误 Be carefulThe temperature of the wa

25、ter is ninety degrees over zero.正 Be careful.The temperature of the water is ninety degrees above zero.析 over 与 above 在作为比某物高的意思时有时可以互换。但在垂直方向上的高矮时，即正上方时则要用 above.而泛指上方时用 over.误 There is an old stone bridge above the river.正 There is an old stone bridge over the river.析 over 还有一意为跨越，横跨。误 The Dead Se

26、a is under the sea level.正 The Dead Sea is below the sea level.析 在垂直下方要用 below.也就是讲 above 与 below 互为反意词，over 与 under 也是反意词。误 There is a big tree in the front of the house.正 There is a big tree in front of the house.析 in front of 是在物体外部的前面，而 in the front of 是在物体内部的前面，如：The driver sits in thefront of

27、the bus.误 It took them two days to walk across the forest.正 It took them two days to walk through the forest.析 across 作为介词有两个主要意思：横过，如：I want to walk across the street.对面，如：Thereis a post office across the street,而 through 多用于三维空间中的穿越。across 则多用于平面上的横过。如：The little girl ran across the room to meet h

28、er mother.误 The sun sets toward the west.正 The sun sets in the west.析 towards 也可用作 toward，它主要表达朝向某方向运动，但不一定到达，如：He ran toward(s)themountain.而在表示方位 east,west,north,south 时，其前面要用 in。要注意的是这 4 个词可以用作副词，如：I went south.也可用作名词，如：I went to the south.也可用作形容词，如：I went to the south part of China.误 Do you have

29、no other clothes except those?正 Do you have no other clothes besides those?析 beside 是在旁边，如：The students stood beside their teachers.而 besides 是除之外，不仅而且，除了以外还有，如：I studied English besides French,when I was in college.而except 则是从同一类物体中去掉某一部分，如：I come here every day except Sunday.而 except for 是指去掉不同种类的

30、事物，如：The room is clean except for two chairs.而 except that 则要加从句。误 Can I write the exam paper with ink?正 Can I write the exam paper with a pen?正 Can I write the exam paper in ink?析 with 后要加拿得起来放得下的工具，而墨水、颜料等原料则要用 in。误 Im earlier today.I came here by his car.正 Im earlier today.I came here in his car.

31、析 在交通工具前加介词 by，但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词，否则要改换相应的介词。by taxi=ina taxiby train=in a trainby bicycle=on a bicycleby ship=on a shipby boat=in a boatby bus=on a busby plane=on a planeby air 空运by land 陆运by sea 海运on foot on horsebackby phone by letter by radioby air mail by hand误 Alot of French wines are made of grap

32、e.正 Alot of French wines are made from grape.析 made of 是指由原材料到成品过程中原材料未发生质地的变化，而发生了某种变化则要用 from,如：The desk was made of hard wood.误 This is a good dictionary in English grammar.正 This is a good dictionary on English grammar.析 关于某方面的书籍、报告等有两个介词，其中 on 表示某专业用书，about 则为某方面的普通读物，如：This is a book about phy

33、sics.即物理科普知识。误 Do you have the key of the door.正 Do you have the key to the door.析 key to the door 门的钥匙。相同用法还有 answer to the question,entrance to the highway,danger tohealth.千万不要用 of。误 Today a lot of Chinese people have interest of collecting stamps.正 Today a lot of Chinese people have interest in c

34、ollecting stamps.析 have interest in 是在某方面有兴趣。误 I didnt do my homework,so the teacher was angry to me.正 I didnt do my homework,so the teacher was angry with me.析 be angry with 其后接人，而 be angry at 其后接事。如：He was angry at what she said.误 He was good for skating.正 He was good at skating.析 be good at 为擅长某事

35、，而 be good for somebody 为对某人很好。误 It was good to you to help my little boy.正 It was good of you to help my little boy.析 这句话应译为：你真太好了，帮助了我的小孩。而 be good to somebody 是对某人态度好。如：Her mother is good to everyone.误 My parents were very pleased at me.正 My parents were very pleased with me.正 My parents were ver

36、y pleased at my studying.析 be pleased with 后加 somebody,而 be pleased at 后加 something。误 He is agree with me.正 He agrees with me.误 He againsts me.正 He is against me.析 同意 agree 为动词，而反对 against 则为介词。在使用中一定要注意。误 I havent heard letters from him.正 I havent heard from him.析 hear from 即为：从某人处得到信件。不要再加 letter

37、了。误 Teacher.May I call at you this weekend?正 Teacher.May I call on you this weekend?析 作为拜访讲 call at 其后接地点，如：May I call at your home this weekend?而 call on 其后接人。误 Do you know the girl on white?正 Do you know the girl in white?析 in white 为穿一身白。与 in 有关的词组有：in bed(睡觉)，in hospital(住院)，in a hurry(匆匆忙忙)，in

38、danger(危险中),in joy(高兴)，in good health(身体好)，in love(恋爱)，in trouble(困境)，与之相反的是out of,如：out of trouble(摆脱困境)，out of date(过时了)，out of order(出故障)误 He looked at me at surprise.正 He looked at me in surprise.析surprise 的用法一般有三种。用于句首，To ones surprise,如：To my surprise he succeeded.besurprised at,如：I was surpri

39、sed at the news.用于句尾 in surprise.误 She didnt come to school because of she was ill.正 She didnt come to school because she was ill.析 because of 后接名词，如：The game was put off because of the rain.(三)例题解析1-Thank you the beautiful flowers!-Not at all.Ain Bon Cat Dfor答案 D.析 由于某事向某人道谢应用 for。2Can you answer t

40、his question English?Aby Bin Cwith Dfrom答案 B.析 in 表示用语言、声音、或材料，如：He answered the question in a low voice.3Look the map China the wall,please.Aafter,of,in Bat,of,inCafter,in,on Dat,of,on答案 D.析 look at 为看，而 on the wall 为在墙表面挂着，而 in the wall 则是在墙内，如：There is holein the wall.墙上有个洞。4-When did Mr Green ar

41、rive in London?-He arrived there the evening of December 6th.Aat Bin Con Dto答案 C.析 in the evening/afternoon 这两个词组不论是在其前或后加上任何修饰词都应将介词换为 on,如：on a cold morning,on a spring morning 等。5We won the relay race.And there was a big smile our teachers face.Aoff Bnear Con Dbetween答案 C.6The twins got on well t

42、heir classmates.Ato Bin Cwith Dabout答案 C.析 get on well with 与人相处很好。7-Please remember to come to my birthday party.-I see.Ill come Saturday evening.Ain Bat Con Dfor答案 C.8Lets hurry，or well be late schoolAto Bat Cwith Dfor答案 D.析 be late for，而 come late to，如：Dont come late to school9They will have a ma

43、ths test two daysAfor Bat Cin Dafter答案 C.析 三天之内应用 in，而不要受中文影响用 after，after three days 是个不定的时间范围，即没有一个准确的时间。5 天、6 天、10 天全是 after three days。10My brother joined the army A1989，March Bin March，1989CMarch，1989 D1989，in March答案 B.析 在月份、年、前用介词 in，而日子前用 on。11He couldnt work out the maths problem your helpA

44、without Bunder Cfor Dwith答案 A.析 在某人帮助下应用 with，如：With the help of the teacher I passed the exam easily而要是没有你的帮助则用 without your help12Granny took one look at us her glassesAby Bthrough Con Din答案 B.析 through 为穿过。13We had our breakfast a quarter sevenA/，to Bin，to Cat，to Don，to答案 C.析 具体时间点前用 at，而差几分几点用 t

45、o，这里应译为：我在差一刻七点吃的早饭。14I learn French the radio every dayAon Bin Cfrom Dat答案 A.析 从收音机中听到某事应用词组 on the radio。15Its good manners to wait lineAin Bon Cat Dwith答案 A.析 in line 为排队。16How many English words had you learnt last term?Aby the end of Bat the end ofCto the end of Dtill the end of答案 A.析 by the en

46、d of 为动作的截止时间，与完成时态相配合17The manager was very satisfied his workAin Bon Cabout Dwith答案 D.析 be satisfied with 为固定搭配。18John hit Jack faceAon the Bin the Con his Din his答案 B.析 英文中的某些动词其后要接人，然后加介词the身体部位，如：He caught the boy by the arm。19I was born the night September 15，1978Ain，on Bat，on Cat，in Don，of答案

47、D.析 在时间前加介词时应以最小的时间单位为准。20Its a bad manner to laugh people when they are troubleAover，in Bat，in Cin，at Dat，for答案 B.析 laugh at 嘲笑某人，laugh over 笑着谈论某人或某事，in trouble 陷入困境。21I cant do this work well Toms helpAunder Bfor Cwithout Dfrom答案 C.22Dont shout the old woman。You should be more polite herAto，at Ba

48、t，to Cin，for Dfrom，for答案 B.析 shout at 为冲某人喊叫，而 be polite to somebody 为对某人和气。23We must be strict our selves everythingAwith，in Bin，with Cwith，to Dto，of答案 A.析 be strict with 对某人严格要求。24He went to the football match lunch last SundayAto Bwithout Cbehind Dbetween答案 B.析 without lunch 未吃午饭。25The peoples Re

49、public of China was founded 1949Awith Bon Csince Din答案 D.析 在年代前用 in。因句子是过去时而不是完成时，所以不能用 since。26Mr Black got to Hangzhou a few daysAin Bafter Con Dat答案 B.析 这句话应译为：几天之后 MrBlack 到达了杭州。而不是在几天之内一定要做完某事，所以选 B。27-Has the teacher given you any advice your English study?-Yes，he hasAfrom Bwith Con Din答案 C.析

50、给予某一方面问题的忠告其介词用 on。28You may depend himHe is honest manAon，a Bin，an Con，an Dat，the答案 C.析 depend on 为依靠某人或某事，而 honest 的首字母 h 不发音。29 my joy，I can answer this questionAWith BTo CBy DFor答案 B.析 To ones joy 意为使我高兴的是。30The teacher asked the students to look the word in the dictionaryAfor Bat Cup Dafter答案 C