定语从句讲解及练习.doc

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1、1定语从句讲解及练习定语从句讲解及练习（一）（一）、定语从句的定义。定语从句的定义。在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。如：1)The man who lives next to us is a policeman.2)You must do everything that I do.上面两句中的 man 和 everything 是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行后词的面。（二）、定语从句的分类（二）、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟

2、先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。（三）（三）、定语从句的关系词定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的词有关系代词关系代词 that,which,who(宾格 whom,所有格 whose)和关系副词关系副词 where,when、why关系词三个作用关系词三个作用：1、引导定语从句引导定语从句2、代替先行词、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分、在定语从句中担当一个成分（四）（四）、关系代词、关系代词的用法的用法关系代词关系代词引导定语从句时，关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语主语、宾语或定语1.who 指

3、人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2.whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about.注意：关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替，可省略。(2)The man(who/whom)you met just now is my friend.3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做

4、宾语时可省略(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(which 在句子中做主语)(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.(which 在句子中做宾语)4.that 指人时，相当于 who 或者 whom；指物时，相当于 which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1)The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.(在句子中做主语)(2)Where is the man(that/whom/who)I sa

5、w this morning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)The classroom whose door is broken is dirty.【总结【总结】：关系代词引导定语从句时，可作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。如：代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whomwhowhichthat定语whose（of whom）whose（of which）1.This is the doctor who/that came from London

6、.2.The book whichthat I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.3.The desk whose leg is broken is very old.4.This is the room thatwhich Linda was born in.2【注意】【注意】(1)关系词只能用关系词只能用 which，而不用，而不用 that 的情况：的情况：a.先行词为先行词为 that，those 时，用时，用 which，而不用而不用 that.例如：Whats that which is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些东西是

7、什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用关系代词前有介词时，一般用 which，而不用，而不用 that.例如：This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用引导非限制性定语从句，用 which，而不用而不用 that.例如：Tom came back，which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。(2)关系词只能用关系词只能用 that 的情况：的情况：a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时

8、，只能用只能用 that，而不用，而不用 which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为被修饰的先行词为 all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用等不定代词时，只能用 that，而不用，而不用 which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被先行词被 the only，the very，the sam

9、e，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能等词修饰时，只能用用that，而不用，而不用 which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用 that，而不用而不用 which.例如：I can remember well the persons andpictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以以 who 或或 which 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用引导的特殊疑问句，为

10、避免重复，只能用 that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是主句是 there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用结构，修饰主语的定语从句用 that，而不用，而不用 which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。（五）（五）、关系、关系副副词引词引的用法的用法关系副词关系副词引导定语从句时，关系副词在从句中充当状语状语关系副词关系副词=介词介词+关系代词关系代词why=for whichwhere=in/at/on/.which(介词同

11、先行词搭配介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/.which(介词同先行词搭配介词同先行词搭配)1.where 指地点指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。(1)Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.2.when 引导定语从句表示时间时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用(1)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2)Th

12、e time when we got together finally came.注表示时间“time一词的定语从句只用只用 when 引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用 that 引导。By the time you arrived in London,we had stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.3.why 指原因指原因在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2)I dont know th

13、e reason why he looks unhappy today.3【注意】【注意】1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2）that 前不能有介词。前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词介词+关系词关系词结构结构可以同定语从句中关系副词 when,where 和和 why 互换互换。This is the house in which I lived two years ago.=This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you

14、 joined our club?=Do you remember the day when you joined our club?This is the reason why he came late.=This is the reason for which he came late.定语从句专项练习定语从句专项练习（一）（一）用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。1.The boy is my younger brother.He was here a minute ago.2.The old man is a profes

15、sor.He teaches chemistry in a college.3.Beijing Hotel is near TianAn Men Square.The foreign visitors live there.4.The woman is here now.You talked about her just now.5.This is the hall.We listened to the report in it the other day.6.The car was going 90 miles an hour.The car just passed us.7.The rea

16、son is not clear.He refused my invitation.8.I enjoyed reading the book.You gave me a book last week.9.I prefer the sweater.The sweater is yellow.10.I spoke to the boy.The boys father is a professor.（二）用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。1.The house _ we live in is very big.2.The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is ver

17、y clever.3.This is the present _ he gave me for my birthday.4.The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.5.He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.6.There is nothing in the world _ can frighten him.7.She wears a gold ring,_ is very uncommon in our class.8.We visited a factory

18、_ makes toys for children.49.Is this the place _ your father once lived?10.Ill never forget the days _ I joined the League.（三）单项填空。1.-Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher?-Oh!Its Mr.Baker,our math teacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which2.I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in t

19、rouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where3.The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom4.George Mallory was an English teacher _ loved climbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which5.This is the place_I have ever visited.A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which6.Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to

20、the meeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when7.The moon is a world _ there is no life.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why8.He has forgotten the day _ he arrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which9.He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.on which10.Mr.White,_ car had been stolen,came to the

21、 policeman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which11.He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where12.This is the house _ I want to buy.A.in whichB.thatC.whoseD.where13.Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that14.He didnt tell me the place _ he was born.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where15.He lived in a small village,_ was a long way from the railway station.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when