人教版中考英语语法专题复习之冠词及数词.docx

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1、人教版Go for it英语中考语法专题复习之冠词及数词Part A 冠词的用法冠词是虚词，放在名词之前，用来说明名词指的人或事物。冠词有两种。a（an）叫不定冠词，the叫定冠词。a用在辅音之前，an用在元音之前。1. 不定冠词的用法（1）a和an均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如：John is a student.Mary is an English teacher.（2）指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。例如：A steel worker makes steel.Pass me an apple, please.（3）指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或和物。例如：A student

2、 wants to see you.A girl is waiting for you outside.（4）表示“每一”的意思，相当于every。例如：Take the medicine three times a day.They go to see their parents once a week.2. 定冠词用法（1）特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如：The book on the desk is an English dictionary.Beijing is the capital of China.（2）指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。例如：Open the door, p

3、lease.Jack is in the library.（3）上文提到过的人或事物。例如：Yesterday Johns father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan.（4）表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.（5）用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。例如：Shanghai is the biggest city in China.January is the first month of the year.（6）用在某些形容词之前，表示某一

4、类人或事物。例如：The nurse is kind to the sick.We should take good care of the old.（7）用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。例如：the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air等。（8）用在姓氏复数之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫妇”。例如：the Browns, the whites等。3.不用冠词的情况（1）某些专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。例如：China, Canada, Japanese, glass, water

5、, love等。（2）名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every等代词时，不用冠词。例如：That is my cap.I have some questions.Go down this street.（3）复数名词表示一类人或事物时，不用冠词。They are workers.We are students.（4）称呼语前不用冠词，表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。例如：I dont feel well today, Mother.Bush was made president of the U.S.（

6、5）三餐饭的名称前，球类活动，学科和节目名词前，常不用冠词。例如：I have lunch at home.He often plays football after class.We have English and math every day.（6）在某些固定词组里，名词之前常不用冠词。例如：By air, at night, at home, go to bed, go to school, on foot, from morning till night 等。强化训练：. 单项选择( ) 1. I like playing _ violin and my brother likes

7、playing _ basketball.A. /; the B. the; the C. the; / D. /; /( ) 2. Youve dropped _ “s” in the word “cross”. Oh, _ letter “s” should be doubled like this “cross”.A. a; a B. an; the C. a; the D. the; ,the( ) 3. Excuse me, sir. Which cup is yours? _ small one. A. / B. A C. An D. The( ) 4. What can I do

8、 for you? I want _ orange blouse for my daughter.A. an B. the C. a D. /【指点迷津】1. 不定冠词a / an的用法：冠词a, an两种帽，许多名词常需要。开头读音如是元，要把an帽来讨要。辅音其首带a帽，记住规律莫乱套。2. 定冠词the的用法：特指双方熟悉，上文已经提及。世上独一无二，方位名词乐器。某些专有名词，外加复数姓氏。序数词最高级，习惯用语要特记。二、不用冠词的情况. 单项选择( ) 1. We have _ lunch in _ middle of the day.A. /; the B. the; the C

9、. the; / D. /; /( ) 2. The 2010 Asian Games will be held on November 12 in Guangzhou. _ good news! A. How a B. What a C. How D. What( ) 3. This is _ my pencil. Im writing with _ pencil.A. /; the B. the; a C. the; / D. a; the. 用合适的冠词填空，如果不需用冠词，用“/”表示。1. _ animals cant live without _ water.2. _ China

10、is _ great country with long history.3. I went to school without _ breakfast this morning.4. He often plays _ basketball after school.【指点迷津】不用冠词的基本情况：下列情况不用冠，名词之前代词限。复数名词表泛指，球类学科和三餐。专有名词不可数，星期月份季节前。交通手段和节日，习惯称谓和头衔。三、有定冠词与无定冠词的区别. 单项选择( ) 1. Before I go to _ bed, Id like to have _ cup of tea.A. the;

11、a B. a; a C. /; / D. /; a( ) 2. “What on _ earth are you doing?” Mom asked.A. a B. an C. the D. /. 根据汉语提示完成句子。1. I hope to see you again sometime (明年).2. May I ask if you like traveling (乘船)?【指点迷津】1. go to school（学生）上学 go to the school 到学校去（不一定是学生）2. go to bed上床睡觉 go to the bed 向床边走去（不一定睡觉）3. in fro

12、nt of 在（外部）的前面 in the front of 在（内部）的前面4. next year 明年 the next year第二年5. on earth 究竟 on the earth 在地球上6. by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海边Part B 数词的用法数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序。1.基数词的用法（1）基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语，例如：Thirty of them are Party members.（主语）- How many would you like?- Three ，please.（作宾语）The nin

13、e boys are from Tianjing.（定语）Six plus four is ten.（表语）We four will go with you.（同位语）（2）表示一个具体数字时，hundred, thousand, million一律不用复数；在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如：Our country has a population of 1,300 million people.There are three thousand students in our school.After the war, thousands of people became homeless

14、.Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world.They arrived in twos and threes.（3）表示“十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代，例如：He is in his early thirties.He died still in his forties.This took place in 1930s.（4）表示时刻用基数词。例如：We get up at six.The workers begin work at eight.表示“几点过几分”，用介词pa

15、st,但须在半小时以内。例如：ten past ten,a quarter past nine,half past twelve表示“几点差几分”用介词to, 但分数须在半小时以上。例如：twenty to nine,five to eight,a quarter to ten表示“几点几分”还可直接用基数词。例如：seven fifteen,eleven thirty,nine twenty2.序数词的用法（1）序数词主要用作定语，前面要加定冠词，例如：The first truck is carrying a foot baskets.John lives on the fifteenth

16、 floor.（2）序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”，“又一”这样的意思，例如：Well have to do it a second time.Shall I ask him a third time?When I sat down，a fourth man rose to speak.（3）由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应，很容易写错，应特别注意。它们是：one-first, two-second, three-third, five-fifth, eight-eighth, nine-ninth, twelve-twelfth。（4）表示年，月，日时， 年用基数词表示，日用序数

17、词表示。例如：1949年十月一日读作： October （the） first, nineteen sixty2004年九月十日读作：September （the） tenth, two thousand and four（5）表示分数时，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母加-s。例如：three fourths,one second,two fifths（6）序数词有时用缩写形式：first1st second2ndthird3rd fourth4thtwenty-second22nd强化训练：三、考查分数. 写出下列分数。1. 五分之四 2. 二分之一 3. 四分之三

18、4. 一个半小时 . 单项选择( ) 1. _ of the students in this school is 2000, and _ of them are girls.A. The number; first fourth B. The number; one fourthC. A number; one second D. A number; three quarters( ) 2. _ is enough for me.A. One and a half hour B. One hour and half C. One and half hour D. One and a half

19、 hours【指点迷津】1. 分数的写法：英语分数不费事，“母序子基”四个字。分子若是大于一，分母还须加-s。2. 当分数后面接名词时，如果分数表示的值大于1，名词用复数，小于1，名词用单数。四、考查年代、几十来岁、年、月、日和时刻的表达法. 单项选择( ) 1. What is the date today? Its _ .A. Thursday B. June the sixteenth C. the best day D. Monday( ) 2. When were you born in Shanghai? _ .A. In January 1st, 1995 B. On Janua

20、ry 1st, 1995 C. On 1995, January 1st D. In 1st January, 1995( ) 3. He began to work there in his _ .A. fifties B. fifty C. fiftieth D. the fiftieth( ) 4. Its ten to ten. We can also read it _ .A. nine fifteen B. nine fifty C. ten past ten D. ten ten . 根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子。1. My grandpa joined the party (在

21、20世纪30年代).2. Every day he begins to do his homework at (7:10).【指点迷津】1. 英语中年月日的表达法和汉语中的不同，年在后，月日在前，如July 4th, 1973。还要注意单纯年的表达法：一般分成两半来读，如1998 nineteen ninety-eight，但有一些比较特殊，如2000 two thousand；2008 two thousand and eight等。2. 时刻的表达法一般有三种：一种是按顺序用基数词读，如：6:15 six fifteen；一种是在半小时以内（包括半小时），用分钟+past+小时，如6:15

22、 fifteen past six；另一种是超过半小时，用（60分钟）+to + (小时+1)，如：6:55 five to seven。3. in the + 年的复数，表示年代；in ones + 逢十的基数词复数，表示在“几十来岁”。Part C 综合训练-We use energy to do everything. Energy lights our cities and powers our cars, trains, planes and rockets. It warms our homes, cooks our food, plays our music and makes

23、the pictures on our televisions. It powers the machines in factories and the tractors(拖拉机) on farms. And energy comes from many places. For example, energy from the suns light dries our clothes. That energy also helps plants to grow. Plants keep some of that energy inside of them. When a deer eats a

24、 plant, it gets that energy. It uses that energy to live. If a tiger eats that deer, the tiger will get some of that same energy. Many different kinds of energy come from different places, but there are two main groups we can put energy into: renewable(可再生的) and nonrenewable. Renewable energy can be

25、 used over and over again. It comes from things like sunlight, wind, plants, moving water and the Earths heat. We can use these things to make electricity, and we dont have to worry about running out of them. There will always be sunlight, there will always be wind, and the Earth will always be hot

26、inside. If we use those sources for energy, well never run out. But we have energy problems now because we get most of our energy from nonrenewable sources. We say they are nonrenewable because we are using them more quickly than they can be made. Most of these are fossil fuels(化石燃料) like oil, natur

27、al gas and coal. It has taken the Earth millions of years to make fossil fuels from dead plants and animals as old as dinosaurs. There is no fast way to make fossil fuels, but we are using them very quickly. Another kind of energy from nonrenewable sources is atomic energy(原子能). Scientists can break

28、 apart atoms of uranium(铀) or plutonium to get energy. But there is not much uranium or plutonium on Earth. 1.Which are the renewable energy sources?A. moving water; plants; oil; atomic energy.B. wind; sunlight; coal; natural gas.C. moving water; plants; wind; sunlight.D. coal; natural gas; oil; ato

29、mic energy.2.The underlined word “powers” has the closest meaning to “_”.A. breaksB. turnsC. drivesD. repairs3. According to the story, the energy problem we are facing now is that _.A. there is not much uranium on the earthB. we are using our nonrenewable energy sources too quicklyC. there is too l

30、ittle sunlightD. the earth is not hot enough inside4. Which of the following statements is true according to the story?A. We can make energy by breaking up anything.B. Tigers eat deer to get natural gas.C. Nonrenewable energy is used more quickly than it is made.D. Sunlight can only be used to dry u

31、p clothes.5. This passage mainly talks about _.A. ways to save energyB. different kinds of energyC. ways to make energyD. how important energy is for usPart D家庭作业一、不定冠词a / an和定冠词the. 用恰当的冠词a / an / the填空，如不需用冠词，用“/”表示。1. Jim is_ honest boy. We all like him very much.2. _ Yellow River is _ second lon

32、gest river in China.3. Hello, Li Ming. Have you got _ e-mail address? Oh, yes. Its Mingsmile.4. We cant see _ sun at night.5. There is _ apple tree in my garden. Its over 10 years old.6. In his free time he often plays _ piano and _ football.7. January is first month of the year.8. I like spring. It

33、s _ best season of the year.9. Miss White is _ unknown writer. She always has _ bag with her.10. _ woman in a purple skirt is Bettys mother. 将下列汉语句子翻译成英语。1. 他打了我的脸。 2. 我们应该尽可能多地去帮助穷人。 3. 史密斯一家太忙了不能经常写信。 数词一、基数词的写法和读法. 你能用英语写出下面的数字吗？1. 869 2. 104 3. 1,230, 618 4. 6,666,666,666 . 单项选择( ) 1. Last year_

34、 girls took part in the competition but only few of them succeeded.A. ten millions B. millions of C. ten million of D. ten millions of ( ) 2. Can you write the number one million, seven hundred and fifty-five thousand, six hundred and forty-six? Yes, it is .A. 1,755,646 B. 10, 755, 646 C. 17,055,646

35、 D. 1,705,646二、考查序数词的用法. 根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子，每空词数不限。1. December is _ (十二) month of the year.2. Why do it _ (第二) time? Let me give you a hand this time.3. The _ (第六) question is much more difficult than this one. 单项选择( ) 1. How old is your son? _ . We had a special party for his _ birthday last Sunday.A.

36、Nine; nine B. Nine; ninth C. ninth; ninth D. Ninth; nine( ) 2. Although you failed four times, I hope you can have _ try. Thank you, I will.A. the fifth B. a fifth C. the fourth D. a fourth【指点迷津】1. 基数词变序数词：一二三要全变，其他-th加后面，8去t，9去e，5和12 ve变f，ty要变tie。2. 序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词the，但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a / an，则表示“再一、

37、又一”。Key：冠词一、. 1. an 2. The; the 3. an 4. the 5. an 6. the; / 7. the 8. the 9. an; a 10. The . 1. He hit me in the face. 2. We should try our best to help the poor. 3. The Smiths are too busy to write often. . 1-4 CBDA二、. 1-3 ADA . 1. /; / 2. /; a 3. / 4. /三、. 1-2 DD . 1. next year 2. by sea / ship数词

38、一、. 1. eight hundred and sixty-nine 2. one hundred and four 3. one million, two hundred and thirty thousand, six hundred and eighteen 4. six billion, six hundred and sixty-six million, six hundred and sixty-six thousand, six hundred and sixty-six . 1-2 BA二、. 1. the twelfth 2. sixth . 1-2 BB三、. 1. four fifths 2. a half 3. three quarters / three fourths 4. one and a half hours / one hour and a half . 1-2 BD四、. 1-4 BBAB . 1. in the 1930s 2. ten past seven / seven ten 12 / 12